2022年天津高二下學(xué)期期末復(fù)習(xí)模擬 英語(yǔ)試卷

2021-2022學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)期末復(fù)習(xí)模擬試卷一（天津?qū)０妫┮?單項(xiàng)選擇1.----Justamoment.Ihaven’tfinishedpackingmysuitcase.----.It’shightimeweleftfortheairport.A.Goahead B.Takeiteasy C.Hurryup D.That’sfine【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查情景交際即習(xí)慣表達(dá)。句意：——等一下。我的行李還沒收拾好?！禳c(diǎn)。我們?cè)撊C(jī)場(chǎng)了。A.Goahead去吧，干吧；B.Takeiteasy放松，別緊張；C.Hurryup快點(diǎn)；F.That’sfine很好。由下文“It’shightimeweleftfortheairport.”可知，此處表示“快點(diǎn)，我們?cè)撊C(jī)場(chǎng)了”，故選C。2.Inthelastfewyearsthousandsoffilms______allovertheworld.A.haveproduced B.havebeenproducedC.areproducing D.arebeingproduced【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：在過去的幾年里，世界各地制作了成千上萬(wàn)部電影。inthelast+時(shí)間段，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。film和produce是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選B。3.Thedaysaregone______physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.A.when B.that C.where D.which【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：靠體力謀生的日子一去不復(fù)返了。分析句子可知，空處缺少關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞thedays，先行詞作從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。故選A項(xiàng)。4.Jumpingoutofplaneattenthousandfeetisquiteexcitingexperience.A.a,the B.a,an C.the,the D.the,an【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查冠詞詞義辨析。句意：從萬(wàn)英尺高的飛機(jī)上跳下來(lái)是一次非常令人興奮的經(jīng)歷。A.a,the一個(gè)，那個(gè)；B.a,an一個(gè)，一個(gè)；C.the,the那個(gè)，那個(gè)；D.the,an那個(gè)，一個(gè)。第一空，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，此處泛指一架飛機(jī)，空處應(yīng)用不定冠詞，plane是輔音音素開頭的單詞，前邊應(yīng)用a；第二空，結(jié)合語(yǔ)意，此處泛指一次令人興奮的經(jīng)歷，空處應(yīng)用不定冠詞，exciting是元音音素開頭的單詞，前邊應(yīng)用an。故選B項(xiàng)。5.______intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferentwordorder.A.Translating B.TranslatedC.Totranslate D.Havingtranslated【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被譯為英語(yǔ)，句子被發(fā)現(xiàn)有一個(gè)完全不一樣的句序。在同主語(yǔ)的主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系，當(dāng)從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)。句中邏輯主語(yǔ)thesentence與translate之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故選B。6.—Ineedtoadvertiseforaroommatefornextterm.—______?Maryisinterested.A.Whatfor B.Whynot C.Sowhat D.Whybother【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查情景交際。句意：——下個(gè)學(xué)期我要登廣告找一個(gè)室友?！獮槭裁匆@么麻煩？瑪麗就感興趣。A.Whatfor為什么；B.Whynot為什么不；C.Sowhat那又怎樣；D.Whybother為什么要這么麻煩。此處指為什么要登廣告找室友這么麻煩，瑪麗就很感興趣，故選D項(xiàng)。7.Wefeelourdutytomakeourcountryabetterplace.A.it B.this C.that D.one【答案】A【解析】【詳解】考查代詞。句意為：我們認(rèn)為我們的職責(zé)是把祖國(guó)建設(shè)的更加美好。句子中it作形式賓語(yǔ)以代替不定式tomakeourcountryabetterplace真正賓語(yǔ)，除選項(xiàng)A以外其他幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的代詞都不能做引導(dǎo)詞擔(dān)任形式賓語(yǔ)，故均應(yīng)予以排除。故選A項(xiàng)。8.Myparentsalwayssavesomemoneyinstoresomethingunexpectedhappens.A.evenif B.when C.incase D.sothat【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：我父母總是存一些錢以備不時(shí)之需。A.evenif即使；B.when當(dāng)……時(shí)候；C.incase以防；D.sothat以便。引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“以防”應(yīng)用incase。故選C。9.Thehoursthechildrenspendintheirone-wayrelationshipwithtelevisionpeopleundoubtedlyaffectedtheirrelationshipswithreal-lifepeople.A.when B.that C.inwhich D.onwhich【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞。句意：孩子們花幾個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間和電視機(jī)前的人保持單向的關(guān)系，這無(wú)疑影響了他們與現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的人的關(guān)系。該空引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Thehours，指物，在從句中賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞that/which。故選B項(xiàng)。10.ThoughEmmacongratulatesherselfonhersuccess,shesometimeswonderswillhappentoherprivatelife.A.it B.what C.which D.that【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意：雖然艾瑪為自己的成功感到慶幸，但她有時(shí)也想知道自己的個(gè)人生活會(huì)發(fā)生什么。分析句子，該空需要一個(gè)連詞引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞wonders的賓語(yǔ)從句，并指代事情在從句中做主語(yǔ)，所以應(yīng)該是what。故選B項(xiàng)。11.Ifyouplantwatermelonseedsinthespring,you__freshwatermeloninthefall.A.eat B.wouldeat C.haveeaten D.willbeeating【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：如果你在春天種下西瓜種子，你就會(huì)在秋天吃到新鮮的西瓜。根據(jù)句意可以判斷出這是真實(shí)條件從句。If從句中使用的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)，主句中應(yīng)該使用將來(lái)時(shí)，故排除A、B、C項(xiàng)。D項(xiàng)是將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)“將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作”，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D項(xiàng)。12.Inourcampus,whichwasbuiltmanyyearsago.A.abuildingstandsB.abuildingliesC.standsabuildingD.liesabuilding【答案】C【解析】【詳解】考查全部倒裝、時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：在我們的校園里矗立著一座大樓，它是多年前建造的。動(dòng)詞stand(矗立、直立)符合句意，動(dòng)詞lie(位于)，作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ)Inourcampus放句首，主謂全部倒裝，本句講述現(xiàn)在的一般事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主語(yǔ)abuilding單數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞stand單數(shù)形式。故選C項(xiàng)。13.–IsJohncomingbytrain?–Heshould,buthe_______not.Helikesdrivinghiscar.A.must B.can C.need D.may【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：——約翰乘火車來(lái)嗎？——他應(yīng)該是，但也可能不。他喜歡開車。A.must必須，一定；B.can能，能夠，表客觀能力；C.need需要；D.may可能，可以，語(yǔ)氣比can弱，表推測(cè)。根據(jù)“Helikesdrivinghiscar.”可至此處表示推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣，可能不乘火車來(lái)，故選D。14._______inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalaceMuseum.A.Anything B.NothingC.Everything D.Something【答案】B【解析】【詳解】考查代詞辨析。句意：在我的生命中沒有什么和第一次去故宮參觀如此令我印象深刻了。A.Anything任何事；B.Nothing沒有什么；C.Everything一切事物；D.Something某事。這里指沒有一件事情能夠與我第一次參觀故宮能夠讓我印象深刻。故選B。15Hetelephonedthetravelagencyto_______threeairticketstoLondon.A.order B.arrange C.take D.book【答案】D【解析】【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他打電話給旅行社預(yù)定三張去倫敦的機(jī)票。A.order命令，訂貨B.arrange安排，整理C.take拿，獲得D.book預(yù)定，登記。根據(jù)句意可知，此處是預(yù)定機(jī)票。故選D。二.完形填空Onefactorthatcaninfluenceconsumersistheirmoodslate.Moodmaybedefined_____16_____atemporaryandmindpositiveornegativefeelingthatisgeneralizedandnottied_____17_____anyparticularcircumstance.Moodsshouldbe_____18_____fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense,_____19_____tospecificcircumstance,andoftenconscious._____20_____asense,theeffectofaconsumer’smoodcanbethoughtofin_____21_____thesamewayascanourreactionstothe_____22_____ofourfriends—whenourfriendsarehappyand“up”,thattendtoinfluenceuspositively,_____23_____whentheyare“down”,thatcanhavea_____24_____impactonus.Similarly,consumersoperatingundera_____25_____moodstatetendtoreacttostimuli(刺激因素)inadirection_____26_____withthatmoodstate.Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee_____27_____inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa_____28_____mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate._____29_____,moodstatesappearcapableof_____30_____aconsumer’smemory.Moodsappeartobe_____31_____influencedmarketingtechniques.Forexample,therhythm,pitchand_____32_____ofmusichasbeenshowntoinfluencebehaviorsuchasthe_____33_____oftimespentinsupermarketsor_____34_____topurchaseproducts.Inaddition,advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’moodwhich,in_____35_____,arecapableofinfluencingconsumer’sreactionstoproducts.16.A.with B.about C.as D.by17.A.up B.to C.under D.over18.A.divided B.derived C.descended D.distinguished19.A.referred B.related C.attached D.associated20.A.In B.On C.By D.Of21.A.thus B.still C.much D.even22.A.behavior B.gesture C.signal D.view23.A.for B.provided C.unless D.but24.A.relative B.negative C.sensitive D.decisive25.A.fixed B.granted C.given D.driven26.A.insistent B.resistant C.persistent D.consistent27.A.retailers B.consumers C.businessmen D.manufacturers28.A.casual B.serious C.favorable D.critical29.A.Moreover B.However C.Nevertheless D.Otherwise30.A.lifting B.raising C.cultivating D.enhancing31.A.rarely B.readily C.currently D.cautiously32.A.volume B.speed C.step D.band33.A.extent B.scope C.amount D.range34.A.capacities B.facilities C.intentions D.reflections35.A.turn B.depth C.total D.detail【答案】16.C17.B18.D19.B20.A21.C22.A23.D24.B25.C26.D27.B28.C29.A30.D31.B32.A33.C34.C35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了情緒對(duì)消費(fèi)者的影響。【16題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：情緒可以被定義為一種暫時(shí)的、心理上積極或消極的感覺，這種感覺是廣義的，且與任何特定情況無(wú)關(guān)。A.with和有；B.about關(guān)于；C.as作為；D.by通過。根據(jù)上文“bedefined”可知，此處表達(dá)“被定義為……”之意，所以用固定搭配definesthassth。故選C項(xiàng)。【17題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.up上；B.to到；C.under在……下面；D.over超過，在……正上方。根據(jù)上文“isgeneralizedandnottied”可知，此處表達(dá)“捆綁于，束縛于，與……有聯(lián)系”之意，所以用固定搭配betiedtosth。故選B項(xiàng)。【18題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：情緒應(yīng)該與情感區(qū)分開來(lái)，后者通常更強(qiáng)烈，與特定的情況有關(guān)，并且通常是有意識(shí)的。A.divided區(qū)分，劃分；B.derived獲得，來(lái)自；C.descended下降，降臨；D.distinguished區(qū)分，區(qū)別。根據(jù)下文“fromemotionswhichareusuallymoreintense”可知，此處說(shuō)明moods和emotions之間的區(qū)別，且與介詞from搭配，所以用短語(yǔ)distinguish…from…。故選D項(xiàng)。【19題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.referred參考；B.related和……相關(guān)；C.attached系上；D.associated聯(lián)系。根據(jù)上文“nottied2anyparticularcircumstance”和下文“tospecificcircumstance,andoftenconscious”可知，情感區(qū)別于情緒，和特定的情況有關(guān)系，所以用relatedto表達(dá)“和……有關(guān)”之意。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：從某種意義上說(shuō)，消費(fèi)者情緒的影響可以被認(rèn)為與我們對(duì)朋友行為的反應(yīng)有很大的相似之處——當(dāng)我們的朋友高興和“情緒高漲”時(shí)，這往往會(huì)對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生積極的影響，但當(dāng)他們“低落”時(shí)，這可能會(huì)對(duì)我們產(chǎn)生消極的影響。A.In在……內(nèi)，以……方式；B.On在……上，關(guān)于；C.By通過，經(jīng)由；D.Of關(guān)于，屬于。固定搭配inasense“從某種意義上說(shuō)”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.thus因此；B.still仍然；C.much在很大程度上；D.even甚至。設(shè)空處位于inthesameway這一短語(yǔ)中，用來(lái)修飾thesame。muchthesame意為“幾乎一樣”，且其他選項(xiàng)均不能用來(lái)修飾thesame。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.behavior行為；B.gesture姿勢(shì)；C.signal信號(hào)；D.view觀點(diǎn)。從空格后面所出現(xiàn)的破折號(hào)可知，破折號(hào)后面的句子應(yīng)該是對(duì)前面所填的詞的解釋，句中的happy，up以及down指的是朋友具體表達(dá)情緒的行為。此外，第二段出現(xiàn)的behavior也給予了提示。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查連接詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.for因?yàn)?；B.provided假如；C.unless除非；D.but但是?？蘸蟮膁own與前句的up相互呼應(yīng)，說(shuō)明兩個(gè)when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句互為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.relative有關(guān)聯(lián)的，相對(duì)的；B.negative負(fù)面的，消極的；C.sensitive敏感的，靈敏的；D.decisive果斷的，關(guān)鍵的。根據(jù)上下文的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系可推斷，低落的情緒帶來(lái)的是與前文positively相反的影響，即消極的影響。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同樣，在特定的情緒狀態(tài)下，消費(fèi)者對(duì)刺激的反應(yīng)往往與該情緒狀態(tài)一致。A.fixed固定的；B.granted授予；C.given特定的；D.driven有緊迫感的。結(jié)合上文可知，作者想要說(shuō)明的是一定情緒狀態(tài)下消費(fèi)者會(huì)做出與情緒一致的反應(yīng)，例如高興時(shí)就會(huì)做出積極的反應(yīng)，低落時(shí)就會(huì)做出消極的反應(yīng)，所以結(jié)合空后的“thatmoodstate”可推斷，設(shè)空處應(yīng)該是指某種特定的情緒狀態(tài)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.insistent堅(jiān)持的；B.resistant有抵抗力的；C.persistent堅(jiān)持不懈的；D.consistent一致的。根據(jù)下文“withthatmoodstate”可知，用（be）consistentwith表“與……一致”之意，說(shuō)明消費(fèi)者情緒與其做出發(fā)反應(yīng)一致，與上文相照應(yīng)。故選D項(xiàng)。【27題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因此，例如，我們應(yīng)該期望看到，處于積極情緒狀態(tài)下的消費(fèi)者比處于非積極情緒狀態(tài)下的消費(fèi)者對(duì)產(chǎn)品的評(píng)價(jià)更為有利。A.retailers零售商；B.consumers消費(fèi)者；C.businessmen商人；D.manufacturers制造商。通讀全篇可知，作者討論的是消費(fèi)者情緒狀態(tài)的問題，所以“消費(fèi)者”符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.casual隨意的，偶然的；B.serious嚴(yán)重的，嚴(yán)肅的；C.favorable有利的，贊同的；D.critical批判的，關(guān)鍵的。根據(jù)上文的“consumersinapositivemood”可知，空格處應(yīng)填一個(gè)褒義詞，說(shuō)明情緒狀態(tài)佳的情緒下消費(fèi)者會(huì)做出相應(yīng)積極的反映，所以favorable“有利的”符合文意，其他三個(gè)備選項(xiàng)均為中性詞。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，情緒狀態(tài)似乎能夠增強(qiáng)消費(fèi)者的記憶。A.Moreover此外，并且；B.However然而；C.Nevertheless然而，不過；D.Otherwise否則，要不然。根據(jù)上文“Thus,forexample,weshouldexpecttosee12inapositivemoodstateevaluateproductsinmoreofa13mannerthantheywouldwhennotinsuchastate.”和下文“moodstatesappearcapableof14aconsumer’smemory.”可知，兩個(gè)句子都在描述情緒狀態(tài)給消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)的有利影響，呈遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.lifting舉起；B.raising養(yǎng)育；C.cultivating培養(yǎng)；D.enhancing增強(qiáng)。根據(jù)上下文的遞進(jìn)關(guān)系可知，情緒狀態(tài)對(duì)消費(fèi)者的記憶似乎有有利的影響。另外，四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中可以與賓語(yǔ)“記憶”構(gòu)成搭配的動(dòng)詞只有enhance“增強(qiáng)”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：情緒似乎容易受到營(yíng)銷技巧的影響。A.rarely幾乎不；B.readily容易地；C.currently目前；D.cautiously謹(jǐn)慎地。根據(jù)后文的舉例可知，諸如音樂節(jié)奏、音量之類的超市營(yíng)銷技巧會(huì)對(duì)消費(fèi)者的情緒有著較明顯的影響，所以四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中readily“容易地”最符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：例如，音樂的節(jié)奏、音高和音量已被證明會(huì)影響人們?cè)诔卸毫舻臅r(shí)間或購(gòu)買產(chǎn)品的意愿等行為。A.volume音量；B.speed速度；C.step臺(tái)階；D.band樂隊(duì)?？崭窈蟮膐fmusic限定包括空格在內(nèi)的三個(gè)名詞，與“rhythm”和“pitch”并列，所以volume“音量”符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.extent程度；B.scope范圍；C.amount數(shù)量；D.range范圍。根據(jù)下文“oftimespentinsupermarkets”可知，空格處表示時(shí)間的量，即多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，用amount“數(shù)量”。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.capacities能力；B.facilities設(shè)施；C.intentions意愿；D.reflections反映。由下文“topurchaseproducts”可知，空格后為動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有A項(xiàng)capacities與C項(xiàng)intentions一般接不定式作定語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明音樂會(huì)對(duì)消費(fèi)者在超市的停留時(shí)間和購(gòu)買意愿產(chǎn)生影響。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：此外，廣告可以影響消費(fèi)者的情緒，進(jìn)而能夠影響消費(fèi)者對(duì)產(chǎn)品的反應(yīng)。A.turn改變方向；B.depth深度；C.total總共；D.detail細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)上文“advertisingcaninfluenceconsumers’mood”和下文“arecapableofinfluencingconsumer’sreactionstoproducts”可知，廣告影響消費(fèi)者的情緒，而消費(fèi)者的情緒也可以影響他們對(duì)商品的反應(yīng)。備選項(xiàng)的名詞與空前的介詞in構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)，indepth“深入地”，intotal“總共”，indetail“詳細(xì)地”，均不符合文意，而A項(xiàng)inturn“反過來(lái)”，符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。三.閱讀理解AMostofusgrowuptakingcertainthingsforgranted.Wetendtoassumethatexpertsandreligiousleaderstellus"thetruth".Wetendtobelievethatthingsadvertisedontelevisionorinnewspaperscan'tbebadforus.However,encouragementofcriticalthinkinginstudentsisoneofthegoalsofmostcollegesanduniversities.Fewprofessorsrequirestudentstosharetheprofessors'ownbeliefs.Ingeneral,professorsaremoreconcernedthatstudentslearntoquestionandcriticallyexaminetheargumentsofothers,includingsomeoftheirownbeliefsorvalues.Thisdoesnotmeanthatprofessorsinsistthatyouchangeyourbeliefs,either.Itdoesmean,however,thatprofessorswillusuallyaskyoutosupporttheviewsyouexpressinclassorinyourwriting.Ifyourpremises(前提)areshaky,orifyourargumentsarenotlogical,professorspersonallypointoutthefalsereasoninginyourarguments.Mostprofessorswantyoutolearntorecognizethepremisesofyourarguments,toexaminewhetheryoureallyacceptthesepremises,andtounderstandwhetherornotyoudrawlogicalconclusions.Putitthisway.Professorsdon'ttellyouwhattothink;theytrytoteachyouhowtothink.Ontheotherhand,ifyouintendtodisagreewithyourprofessorsinclass,youshouldbepreparedtoofferastrongargumentinsupportofyourideas.Arguingjustforthesakeofarguingusuallydoesnotpromoteacriticalexaminationofideas.Manyprofessorsinterpretitasrudeness.36.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertriestotellusthat______.A.wehavestrongbeliefsinauthoritieswhilegrowingupB.wegrowupthroughlearningcertainthingsinlifeC.weareformingourviewsduringourgrowthD.weeasilyacceptcertainthingswithoutasecondthought37.Nowadaysfewprofessorsencouragestudentsto______A.criticizeothersB.supporttheirownviewsC.holdthesameideaasprofessors'D.examinehisownbeliefs38.Theword“shaky”(Line1,Para.3)mostprobablymeans______A.creativeB.firmC.reasonableD.weak39.Tohelpstudentsdeveloptheircriticalthinking,professorsmainlyteachthem______A.choiceoftheirpremisesB.thewaytothinkindependentlyC.skillsofdrawingconclusionsD.differentkindsofargument40.Accordingtothewriter,therightwaytoargueisto______.A.arguemainlyforthesakeofarguingB.proveitwithagoodconclusionC.supportyourideawithsoundreasoningD.examineothers'ideascritically【答案】36.D37.C38.D39.B40.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了許多大學(xué)院校的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo)是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生具有批判性思維，很少有教授會(huì)要求學(xué)生觀點(diǎn)想法與自己相同，文章也說(shuō)明了學(xué)生應(yīng)該如何知道自己的觀點(diǎn)是正確的?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Mostofusgrowuptakingcertainthingsforgranted.(我們大多數(shù)人在成長(zhǎng)過程中把某些事情視為理所當(dāng)然。)”可知，第一段主要告訴我們?nèi)藗兒苋菀缀敛华q豫地接受某些事情。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Fewprofessorsrequirestudentstosharetheprofessors'ownbeliefs.（很少有教授會(huì)要求學(xué)生分享教授自己的信仰）”可知，很少有教師鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生與教授的觀點(diǎn)一致。故選C項(xiàng)。【38題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“orifyourargumentsarenotlogical,professorspersonallypointoutthefalsereasoninginyourarguments.(或者如果你的論點(diǎn)不符合邏輯，教授會(huì)親自指出你的論點(diǎn)中的錯(cuò)誤推理)”可推知，劃線詞所在句子意為“如果你的主張缺乏說(shuō)服力”,shaky的意思接近weak“缺乏(說(shuō)服力)的”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Mostprofessorswantyoutolearntorecognizethepremisesofyourarguments,toexaminewhetheryoureallyacceptthesepremises,andtounderstandwhetherornotyoudrawlogicalconclusions.Putitthisway.Professorsdon'ttellyouwhattothink;theytrytoteachyouhowtothink.（大多數(shù)教授希望你學(xué)會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到你的論點(diǎn)的前提，檢查你是否真的接受這些前提，并了解你是否得出了符合邏輯的結(jié)論。這么說(shuō)吧。教授不會(huì)告訴你該怎么想;他們?cè)噲D教你如何思考）”可知，教授們主要是教會(huì)學(xué)生如何獨(dú)立思考。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Ontheotherhand,ifyouintendtodisagreewithyourprofessorsinclass,youshouldbepreparedtoofferastrongargumentinsupportofyourideas.(另一方面，如果你打算在課堂上不同意教授的觀點(diǎn)，你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備好提供強(qiáng)有力的論據(jù)來(lái)支持你的觀點(diǎn)。)”可知，根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，正確的論證方法是用合理的推理來(lái)支持你的觀點(diǎn)。故選C項(xiàng)。BTheincreaseinthepriceofoilhasbroughttheworldtoitssenses.Scientistsaresearchingforsuitablealternative(替換)butsofarinvain.Theyareconsideringhowtheycanmakebetteruseofthetwoothermajorfuels,coalandnaturalgas,buttheyhavefoundthatneithercantaketheplaceofoilintheireconomics.Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagrowingconcernfortheenvironmentandcoalisnotapopularfuelwithenvironmentalists.Naturalgas,thepurestofthethreefuels,isalsothemostlimitedinsupply.Theanswerwouldseemtolieinnuclearpowerstations.Theyneedverylittlefueltoproduceenormousamountsofpowerandtheydonotpollutetheatmosphere.Theirdangers,however,aresogreatandthecostofbuildingthemarealsohigh.NotonlycouldoneaccidentinanuclearpowerstationspreadasmuchradioactivityasathousandHiroshimaatombombs,buttheradioactivewastefromthesestationisextremelydangerous.Scientistshaverecentlyturnedtheirattentiontonaturalsourcesofenergy:thesun,thesea,thewindandhotspring，ofwhichthesunseemsthemostpromisingsourceforthefuture.Houseshavealreadybeenbuiltwhichareheatedentirelybysolarenergy.However,solarenergycanonlybecollectedduringdaylighthours,andincountrieswheretheweatherisunreliable,analternativeheatingsystemhastobeincluded.However,manyscientistsareoptimistic(樂觀的)thatnewwaysofgeneratinglargeamountsofenergywillbesuccessfullydeveloped,butatthesametimetheyfeartheconsequences.Iftheworldpopulationgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,wemay,infiftyyears’time,beburningupsomuchenergythatwewoulddamagetheearth’satmosphere.Byraisingthetemperatureoftheatmosphere,wecouldmelttheArcticandAntarcticice-capsandchangethepatternofvegetableandanimallifethroughouttheworld—afrighteningpossibility.41.Thenaturalgascannottaketheplaceofoilbecause______.AitspriceisincreasingB.itmaycausemorepollutionC.thesourceofitislimitedD.itistoopure42.Accordingtothispassage,allofthefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT______?A.ScientistshavesucceededinfindingasuitablealternativeB.Scientistsareworriedabouttheenvironmentprobleminthefuture.C.Scientistshavefoundnoneofthealternativescantakeplaceofoil.D.Scientistsareconfidentthattheywilleventuallyfindthenewways43Whichofthefollowingwillcausepollutiontotheenvironment?A.naturalgasB.coalC.windenergyD.solarenergy44.Nuclearpowercannottakeplaceoftheoilbecause______.A.itcannotgeneratelargeamountsofpowerB.itmaypollutetheatmosphereC.ItmaycausegreatdangertousifnotproperlyhandledD.Itmayuseupenormousamountsoffuel45.Whatistheultimate(最終的)worryofthescientists?A.allenergysupplywouldbeburntupB.earth’satmospherewouldbedamagedC.theArcticandAntarcticice-capswouldmeltD.thepatternofvegetableandanimallifethroughouttheworldwouldbechanged【答案】41.C42.A43.B44.C45.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇議論文。文章指出了因油價(jià)上漲而引發(fā)的思考，即如何找到石油的理想替代品。文中討論了其他兩種化石燃料以及以核能、太陽(yáng)能為代表的清潔能源，但都存在著各自的局限性?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Naturalgas,thepurestofthethreefuels,isalsothemostlimitedinsupply.(天然氣，三種燃料中最純凈的一種，也是供應(yīng)最有限的一種)”可知，天然氣因其資源有限所以無(wú)法替代石油。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Scientistsaresearchingforsuitablealternative(替換)butsofarinvain.(科學(xué)家們一直在尋找合適的替代品，但至今都是徒勞的)”可知，科學(xué)家們至今尚未找到石油的替代品，A選項(xiàng)表述是錯(cuò)誤的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Inrecentyearstherehasbeenagrowingconcernfortheenvironmentandcoalisnotapopularfuelwithenvironmentalists.(近年來(lái)，人們對(duì)環(huán)境的擔(dān)憂逐漸增加，煤炭在環(huán)保學(xué)家的心目中并不受歡迎)”可知，應(yīng)當(dāng)是煤炭的使用對(duì)環(huán)境不利、會(huì)產(chǎn)生污染。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theirdangers,however,aresogreatandthecostofbuildingthemarealsohigh.NotonlycouldoneaccidentinanuclearpowerstationspreadasmuchradioactivityasathousandHiroshimaatombombs,buttheradioactivewastefromthesestationisextremelydangerous.(然而，核電站的危險(xiǎn)是如此巨大，建造的費(fèi)用又是如此昂貴。核電站的一場(chǎng)事故不僅能釋放廣島原子彈一千倍的輻射，核廢料也是極其危險(xiǎn))”可知，核能無(wú)法替代石油的原因在于其潛在的危險(xiǎn)性，一旦失控后果不堪設(shè)想，與C選項(xiàng)“如果操控不當(dāng)，可能對(duì)我們?cè)斐蓸O大危險(xiǎn)”描述相符。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Byraisingthetemperatureoftheatmosphere,wecouldmelttheArcticandAntarcticice-capsandchangethepatternofvegetableandanimallifethroughouttheworld---afrighteningpossibility.(隨著大氣的溫度升高，我們會(huì)使得南北極的冰冠融化，從而改變?nèi)澜鐒?dòng)植物的生存模式——這種可能性令人恐懼)”可知，文章的脈絡(luò)是：油價(jià)上漲引發(fā)思考——科學(xué)家苦于如何找到石油的替代能源——逐個(gè)分析煤炭、天然氣、核能和太陽(yáng)能的局限性，到最后一段，尋找合適的替代能源的同時(shí)，隨著人口增加、繼續(xù)依賴化石燃料會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣溫上升，最終改變地球生物的生存模式，這是文章提到的科學(xué)家們最終的擔(dān)憂。故選D項(xiàng)。CTherearesomeproblemareasforinternationalstudentsandimmigrants’studyingintheUnitedStates.Makingfriendsisachallenge(thisisalsotrueforsomeAmericanstudents).Manycollegeanduniversitiesofferavarietyofstudentclubsandorganizationswherebothforeign-bornandnativeAmericanstudentshaveagreaterchanceofmeetingpeoplewithsharedinterests.Informationabouttheseout-of-classactivitiesisoftenpostedinthestudentcenterandlistedinthestudentnewspaper.SometimesforeignstudentsandimmigrantstudentsfindAmericanstobe“cliquish(有派性的)”.Americansfindsomenon-U.S.-bornstudentstobecliquishaswell.IfpeoplefeelseparatedfromthesocialaspectsofAmericancollegelife,theyshouldactivelyseekpeoplewithsharedinterests.Itisunlikelythatstudentswillmakefriendsjustbypassingpeopleonthecampus.Foreignorimmigrantstudentsmayfeelconfusedduringthefirstfewweeksatanewschoolbecausetheydonotunderstandthesystemandarenotwillingtoaskquestions.Manystudentsdonottakeadvantageofthenumerousservicesofferedoncampusthatassiststudentsindevelopingnewskillsandsocialgroups.Somecollegesofferstudentstutorial(輔導(dǎo)的)supportinsuchsubjectsaswriting,languagestudy,computerskills,andotherbasicsubjects.Studentswhoappeartobemostsuccessfulin"learningtheropes"arethosewhocansolveproblemsbytakingtheinitiativetoaskquestions,locateresources,andexperiencenewsocialsituations.46.IntheUnitedStates,studentscanfindfriendswiththesameinterestsby______A.passingpeopleonthecampusB.readingthestudentnewspaperC.joiningthestudentclubsD.visitingthestudentcenter47.Thesentence“peoplefeelseparatedfromthesocialaspectsofAmericancollegelife”(Line7,Para.l)meanstheyhavedifficultyin______.A.communicatingwithothersonthecampusB.beingeasilyacceptedbytheuniversityC.findingpeoplewithsharedinterestsD.gettingajobinAmericansociety48.Whentheyfirstcometocollege,someforeignstudentsmayfeelconfusedbecause______.A.theyaredeniedanyhelpfrompeoplearoundB.theyareprovidedwithfewservicesC.theyarefacedwithanunfamiliareducationalsystemD.theyareunwillingtoadaptthemselvestothenewenvironment49.Thephrase“l(fā)earningtheropes”(Line6,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto______A.findingthewaytodevelopnewskillsB.havingtheskillstomakeconversationsC.learninghowtoanswerquestionsD.knowinghowtohandleproblems50.Fromthepassagewemayconcludethatforeignstudents______.A.areunlikelytobesuccessfulinAmericancollegelifeB.mayfacesomeproblemsinadjustingtoAmericancollegelifeC.arenotgoodatdevelopingfriendshipandsocialgroupsDcanhardlylearnwellwhentheyenteranAmericancollege【答案】46.C47.A48.C49.D50.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要闡述了在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的國(guó)際學(xué)生在適應(yīng)美國(guó)大學(xué)生活方面可能面臨一些問題?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Manycollegeanduniversitiesofferavarietyofstudentclubsandorganizationswherebothforeign-bornandnativeAmericanstudentshaveagreaterchanceofmeetingpeoplewithsharedinterests.(許多學(xué)院和大學(xué)都提供各種各樣的學(xué)生俱樂部和組織，在這些俱樂部和組織中，外國(guó)出生的和美國(guó)本土的學(xué)生都有更大的機(jī)會(huì)結(jié)識(shí)有共同興趣的人)”可知，在美國(guó)，學(xué)生可以通過加入俱樂部找到興趣相同的朋友。因此，在美國(guó)，學(xué)生找到興趣相同的朋友的方式是C項(xiàng)“joiningthestudentclubs(加入學(xué)生俱樂部)”符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。【47題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“…theyshouldactivelyseekpeoplewithsharedinterests(……他們應(yīng)該積極尋找有共同興趣的人)”可知，他們的困難是在與人交往方面，他們可以通過結(jié)交興趣相投的朋友來(lái)培養(yǎng)自己的社交能力。因此，第7行，第1段“peoplefeelseparatedfromthesocialaspectsofAmericancollegelife”這句話意味著他們?cè)贏項(xiàng)“communicatingwithothersonthecampus(與校園內(nèi)的其他人交流)”有困難，符合題意，故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Foreignorimmigrantstudentsmayfeelconfusedduringthefirstfewweeksatanewschoolbecausetheydonotunderstandthesystemandarenotwillingtoaskquestions.(外國(guó)或移民學(xué)生在新學(xué)校的最初幾周可能會(huì)感到困惑，因?yàn)樗麄儾涣私庠撓到y(tǒng)，也不愿意提出問題。)”可知，他們是由于對(duì)新教育制度體系不熟悉而感到困惑。因此，一些外國(guó)學(xué)生剛上大學(xué)時(shí)，可能會(huì)感到困惑，因?yàn)槭荂項(xiàng)“theyarefacedwithanunfamiliareducationalsystem(他們面臨著一個(gè)陌生的教育體系)”符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段該句的表語(yǔ)部分“…arethosewhocansolveproblemsbytakingtheinitiativetoaskquestions,locateresources,andexperiencenewsocialsituations.(……是那些能夠通過主動(dòng)提出問題、找到資源和體驗(yàn)新的社會(huì)情境來(lái)解決問題的學(xué)生)”可知，“l(fā)earningtheropes”指的是那些指能解決問題的人。因此，與“l(fā)earningtheropes”（第6行，第2段）一詞的含義最接近的是D項(xiàng)“knowinghowtohandleproblems(知道如何處理問題)”符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段“Therearesomeproblemareasforinternationalstudentsandimmigrants’studyingintheUnitedStates.(在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的國(guó)際學(xué)生和移民有一些問題)”可知，本文主要闡述了外國(guó)學(xué)生在適應(yīng)美國(guó)大學(xué)生活方面可能面臨一些問題，例如交朋友、對(duì)教育體系的困惑等等。因此，從這篇文章中我們可以得出結(jié)論，外國(guó)學(xué)生是B項(xiàng)“mayfacesomeproblemsinadjustingtoAmericancollegelife(在適應(yīng)美國(guó)大學(xué)生活方面可能面臨一些問題)”符合題意，故選B項(xiàng)。DYoungpeopleshouldhavetherighttocontrolanddirecttheirownlearning,thatis,todecidewhattheywanttolearn,andwhen,where,how,howmuch,howfast,andwithwhathelptheywanttolearnit.Tobestillmorespecific,Iwantthemtohavetherighttodecideif,when,howmuch,andbywhomtheywanttobetaughtandtherighttodecidewhethertheywanttolearninaschoolandifsowhichoneandforhowmuchofthetime.Nohumanright,excepttherighttolifeitself,ismorefundamentalthanthis.Aperson’sfreedomoflearningispartofhisfreedomofthought,evenmorebasicthanhisfreedomofspeech.Ifwetakefromsomeonehisrighttodecidewhathewillbecuriousabout,wedestroyhisfreedomofthought.Wesay,ineffect,youmustthinknotaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsyou,butaboutwhatinterestsandconcernsus.Wemightcallthistherightofcuriosity,therighttoaskwhateverquestionsismostimportanttous.Asadults,weassumethatwehavetherighttodecidewhatdoesordoesnotinterestus,whatwewilllookintoandwhatwewillleavealone.Wetakethisrightforgranted,cannotimaginethatitmightbetakenawayfromus.Indeed,asfarasIknow,ithasneverbeenwrittenintoanybodyoflaw.EventhewritersofourConstitutiondidnotmentionit.Theythoughtitwasenoughtoguaranteecitizensthefreedomofspeechandthefreedomtospreadtheirideasaswidelyastheywishedandcould.Itdidnotoccurtothemthateventhemosttyrannicalgovernmentwouldtrytocontrolpeople’sminds,whattheythoughtandknew.51.Toyoungpeopletherighttocontroltheirlearningis______.A.morefundamentalthanotherhumanrights B.lessfundamentalthanotherhumanrightsC.notmorefundamentalthanotherhumanrights D.notanymorethanotherhumanrights52.Accordingtothepassage,ifwetakefromsomeonehisrightofcuriosity,itmeansthat______.A.weusehisfreedomofthought B.wegainhisfreedomofthoughtC.werestorehisfreedomofthought D.wedestroyhisfreedomofthought53.Theunderlinedpronoun“they”inthelastparagraphrefersto______.A.citizens B.thewritersofourConstitution C.humanrights D.youngpeople54.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtotheauthor?A.Therighttoaskquestionsisnotinteresting. B.Therighttoaskquestionsistakenforgranted.C.Freedomofspeechisguaranteed. D.Freedomtospreadone’sideasisguaranteed.55.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.EducationForYoungPeople B.TheRightToLearnC.TheFreedomofThought D.TheRightToControlOne’sLearning【答案】51.A52.D53.A54.B55.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者認(rèn)為年輕人應(yīng)該有控制和指導(dǎo)自己學(xué)習(xí)的權(quán)利，也就是說(shuō)，決定自己想學(xué)什么，什么時(shí)候?qū)W，什么地方學(xué)，怎么學(xué)，學(xué)多少，學(xué)多快，在什么幫助下學(xué)。除了生命權(quán)本身，沒有什么人權(quán)比這更基本?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Youngpeopleshouldhavetherighttocontrolanddirecttheirownlearning,thatis,todecidewhattheywanttolearn,andwhen,where,how,howmuch,howfast,andwithwhathelptheywanttolearnit.(年輕人應(yīng)該有控制和指導(dǎo)自己學(xué)習(xí)的權(quán)利，也就是說(shuō)，決定自己想學(xué)什么，什么時(shí)候?qū)W，什么地方學(xué)，怎么學(xué)，學(xué)多少，學(xué)多快，在什么幫助下學(xué))”以及第二段中“Nohumanright,excepttherighttolifeitself,ismorefundamentalthanthis.(除了生命權(quán)本身，沒有什么人權(quán)比這更基本)”可知，