2025屆西北四省(山西、陜西、青海、寧夏)高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題 【含答案解析】

2024—2025學(xué)年（下）高三第一次四省聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)考生注意：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)填寫在試卷和答題卡上，并將考生號(hào)條形碼粘貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有2分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例:Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Howmuchshouldthewomanpayfortheshoes?A.$198.B.$200.C.$220.2.Whatdayisittoday?A.Wednesday.B.Thursday.C.Friday.3.WhataboutCaliforniaattractstheman?A.Itscuisine.B.Itsscenery.C.Itsculture.4.Howisthewomanrequiredtopay?A.Byonlinelink.B.Bycreditcard.C.Incash.5.Whatisthewomandoing?A.Makinganorder.B.Checkingthedelivery.C.Applyingformembership.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onthestreet.B.Inthehotel.C.Atthesubwaystation.7.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?A.Takethesubway.B.Changehishotel.C.Walktohisdestination.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.WhydidthemanspeakergotoJack'sschool?A.Jackarguedwiththeteacher.B.Jack'steacherwantedtohaveatalk.C.Jackhadtroublegettingalongwithhisclassmates.9.WhatdidthemanspeakeroftendowhenJackwasinfirstgrade?A.HeplayedwithJackalot.B.HecheckedJack'shomework.C.Heconcentratedonhisownwork.10.WhatcausedJack'sproblem?A.Hecouldn'tunderstandhisteacher.B.Hewasn'tinterestedinschool.C.Hedidn’tspendenoughtimeonmaths.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatisonthecalendar?A.Amap.B.Communityevents.C.Interestingstories.12.Whatisthemanconcernedabout?A.Safety.B.Shopping.C.Education.13.Whywillapartybeheld?A.Topromotesomeproducts.B.Towelcomenewcomers.C.Tocelebrateabirthday.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.Whyisthewomanworried?A.Shemightmakeherfatherupset.B.Someworkershavebeenlaidoff.C.Herfathermaygetoutofwork.15.Whydoesthewomancometotheman?A.Toseekhishelp.B.Totellhimaboutherdecision.C.Tosharesomenewswithhim.16.Whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?A.Phonethewomanlater.B.Consulthisfriend.C.Haveatalkwiththewoman'sfather.17.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?AFriends.B.Salespersonandcustomer.C.Co-workers.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.WhatinspiredSusie'sloveforCentralPark?A.Herchildhoodactivities.B.Herresearchonflowers.C.Herworkwiththeenvironmentalagency.19.WhatdidSusiedotwoyearsagoregardingthepark?A.Shedesignedtwolakesforit.B.Sheprotecteditswildlife.C.Shedealtwithitspollution.20.WhatcanweknowaboutSusie'scurrentsituation?A.She'sbusywithwork.B.Shewantstoquitherjob.C.Shealwayshangsoutwithfriends.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIntimesofemergency,youarejustasinglebuttonpressawayfrombeinginstantlylinkedtoourprofessionalemergencysupportcrew.FallDetectionOuradvancedYourStridewatchisequippedwithanintelligentautomaticfalldetectionsystem.Sensingafall,itwillimmediatelygetintouchwithourhighlytrainedandexperienced24/7monitoringteam.Additionally,youhavetheoptiontomanuallyinitiateacallforhelpbysimplypressingtheSOSbuttononthefrontfaceofthewatch,ensuringyouarealwayscovered.As48%offallsoccuroutside,YourStride’sfallalarmwatchhasbeendesignedtoworkbothindoorsandoutdoors.HowtheAlarmServiceWorksThealarmserviceoftheYourStridewatchfunctionsinastraightforwardyeteffectivemanner:·WhenyoupresstheSOSbuttonorwhenthewatchdetectsafall,itgetsanimmediateresponse.·Ourteamwillthencommunicatewithyouthroughthewatch,gatheringallthenecessarydetails.·Appropriatehelpwillbesenttoyourlocation.MultifunctionalHealthCompanionYourStrideisacomfortable,lightweightwristwatchwithacleartimeanddatedisplay.AlongsidetheSOSbuttonandautomaticfalldetection,itmonitorsyourheartrate,bloodpressure,andhasabuilt-instepcounter.Anotherimportantfeatureisitscompleteindependencefromexternalconnections.Itoperatesautonomously,withouttheneedforWi-Fioralandline.ThismeansthatnomatterwhereyouareintheUK,whetheryou’reinaremotecountrysidelocationorabustlingcitycenter,youcanconfidentlyaccessthehelpyouneed.PricingTheYourStridewatchisavailableatanaffordablepriceofjust￡60.Forthosewhorequire24/7emergencyhelp,thereisamonthlysubscriptionfeeof￡15.Anextra￡2permonthfortheadditionalfalldetectionfeature.Don’twaituntilit’stoolate.InvestintheYourStridewatchtodayandtakeaproactivesteptowardsyoursafetyandwell-being.1.Whatwillthewatchdowhendetectingafall?A.Itwillcontactthemonitoringteam. B.Itwillactivatealoudalarm.C.Itwillcallthelocalhospitalimmediately. D.ItwillinitiatetheSOSbuttonautomatically.2.Whichisafunctionofthewatchbesidesdetectingfalls?A.Toadjustheartrate. B.Tomonitorsleepquality.C.Tomeasurebloodpressure. D.ToconnecttotheInternet.3.Howmuchshouldonepayforthewatchwithayear’sfullservice?A.￡60. B.￡204. C.￡240. D.￡264.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一款智能手表的廣告，介紹了YourStride智能手表的各種功能、操作步驟及價(jià)格。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)FallDetection部分中“OuradvancedYourStridewatchisequippedwithanintelligentautomaticfalldetectionsystem.Sensingafall,itwillimmediatelygetintouchwithourhighlytrainedandexperienced24/7monitoringteam.(我們先進(jìn)的YourStride手表配備了智能自動(dòng)跌倒檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)。感知到下降，它將立即與我們訓(xùn)練有素且經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的24/7監(jiān)測(cè)團(tuán)隊(duì)聯(lián)系)”可知，當(dāng)這款YourStride手表監(jiān)測(cè)到跌倒時(shí)，會(huì)立刻聯(lián)系全天候監(jiān)測(cè)團(tuán)隊(duì)。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)MultifunctionalHealthCompanion部分中“AlongsidetheSOSbuttonandautomaticfalldetection,itmonitorsyourheartrate,bloodpressure,andhasabuilt-instepcounter.(除了SOS按鈕和自動(dòng)跌倒檢測(cè)外，它還可以監(jiān)測(cè)你的心率、血壓，并有一個(gè)內(nèi)置的計(jì)步器)”可知，除了跌例檢測(cè)功能外，手表還有監(jiān)測(cè)心率、血壓以及計(jì)步等功能。故選C。【3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“TheYourStridewatchisavailableatanaffordablepriceofjust￡60.Forthosewhorequire24/7emergencyhelp,thereisamonthlysubscriptionfeeof￡15.Anextra￡2permonthfortheadditionalfalldetectionfeature.(YourStride手表的價(jià)格僅為60英鎊。對(duì)于那些需要全天候緊急幫助的人，每月的訂閱費(fèi)為15英鎊。額外的跌落檢測(cè)功能每月額外支付2英鎊)”可知，所有服務(wù)一年總共需支付60+15×12+12×2=264英鎊。故選D。BJonBatiste,abigfigureinthemusicworld,viewsrevisitingclassicworksasagoldenopportunity,asseeninhislatestalbum(專輯)“BeethovenBlues,”wherehegivesnewlifetoBeethoven’scompositions.HeperceivesauniversalandpowerfulessenceinBeethoven’smusic,similartothatintheblues.Batisteservedasabandleaderfor“TheLateShowwithStephenColbert”until2022andisnowontheboardatTheJuilliardSchool.AndhehasreceivednumerousGrammynominations(提名)andwinsacrossdiversemusicalcategories.Hisdocumentary“AmericanSymphony,”whichdetailsthecompositionandpremiereofhissymphonyatCarnegieHallin2022,aswellasthestoryofhiswifeSuleikaJaouad’sbattlewithleukemia(atypeofbloodillness),hasearnedhimfurtherrecognition.Batistemaintainstheideathatclassicalmusic,Beethoven’sworksincluded,issuitableforreformation.Thereisaneedtobreakawayfromthetraditionalperceptionofclassicalmusic.Forinstance,inhisalbum,hestartswith“FürElise”,apiecefamiliartomany,andaddshisowncreativetouches.However,Batiste’sjourneyatJuilliardwasnotwithoutchallenges.AsanambitiousteenagerfromLouisiana,hisunconventionalpursuitsoutsidetheclassroomsometimesconflictedwiththeschool’sexpectations.However,helaterreturnedtoJuilliardtohonorhisfamily’smusicallegacyandisnowworkingtomaketheinstitutionmoreinclusive.Duringhiswife’sillness,Batistefoundthatcreativityservedasasourceofstrength.Hismusic,oftenassociatedwithjoy,alsohasrootsinstruggle,asexemplifiedby“AmericanSymphony,”whichaddressesthenation’sdeep-seatedpainandculturaltensions.Throughhisart,Batisteaimstobridgethepastandpresent,creatingworksthatresonate(共鳴)withthehumanexperience.4.WhatcanweknowaboutBatiste’slatestalbum?A.Itwasreleasedwhenhewasabandleader. B.Itisacollectionoftraditionalbluesmusic.C.ItincludesBeethoven’soriginalcompositions. D.ItgivesnewinterpretationstoBeethoven’sworks.5.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlyfocuson?A.Batiste’smusicalaccomplishments. B.Batiste’ssourceofinspiration.C.Batiste’ssuccessinGrammy-relatedevents. D.Batiste’snovelmusiccomprehension.6.WhichwordscanbestdescribeBatiste?A.Well-educatedandambitious. B.Broad-mindedandcreative.C.Warm-heartedandresponsible. D.Strong-willedandconsiderate.7.WhichofthefollowingmightBatisteagreewith?A.Thenewer,thebetter. B.Classicsshouldalwaysberespected.C.Somethingnewcanalwaysbefoundintheold. D.Thereisnothingimpossibleforawillingheart.【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹音樂界重要人物JonBatiste，講述他在新專輯《貝多芬藍(lán)調(diào)》中重新詮釋貝多芬作品，介紹其音樂履歷，展現(xiàn)他透過(guò)藝術(shù)連接過(guò)去與現(xiàn)在、引發(fā)人類情感共鳴的追求?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“JonBatiste,abigfigureinthemusicworld,viewsrevisitingclassicworksasagoldenopportunity,asseeninhislatestalbum(專輯)“BeethovenBlues,”wherehegivesnewlifetoBeethoven’scompositions.(音樂界的重量級(jí)人物JonBatiste在他的最新專輯《貝多芬藍(lán)調(diào)》中，將貝多芬的作品賦予了新的生命，他將重新審視經(jīng)典作品視為難得的機(jī)會(huì))”可知，在專輯《藍(lán)調(diào)貝多芬》中，JonBatiste默予了貝多芬的作品新的生命力，即對(duì)其進(jìn)行了新的詮釋。故選D?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Batisteservedasabandleaderfor“TheLateShowwithStephenColbert”until2022andisnowontheboardatTheJuilliardSchool.AndhehasreceivednumerousGrammynominations(提名)andwinsacrossdiversemusicalcategories.Hisdocumentary“AmericanSymphony,”whichdetailsthecompositionandpremiereofhissymphonyatCarnegieHallin2022,aswellasthestoryofhiswifeSuleikaJaouad’sbattlewithleukemia(atypeofbloodillness),hasearnedhimfurtherrecognition.(直到2022年，Batiste一直擔(dān)任《斯蒂芬·科爾伯特深夜秀》的樂隊(duì)指揮，現(xiàn)在是茱莉亞音樂學(xué)院的董事會(huì)成員。他曾多次獲得格萊美獎(jiǎng)提名，并在多個(gè)音樂獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)中獲獎(jiǎng)。他的紀(jì)錄片《美國(guó)交響曲》詳細(xì)記錄了他的交響曲于2022年在卡內(nèi)基音樂廳的創(chuàng)作和首演，以及他的妻子SuleikaJaouad與白血病（一種血液疾?。┳鞫窢?zhēng)的故事，這使他得到了進(jìn)一步的認(rèn)可)”可知，本段主要介紹了JonBatiste擔(dān)任TheLateShowwithStephenColbert的樂隊(duì)領(lǐng)隊(duì)，在茱莉亞學(xué)院任職董事會(huì)，格萊美獎(jiǎng)提名以及紀(jì)錄片獲得認(rèn)可等內(nèi)容。這些都體現(xiàn)了其音樂成就。故選A?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Batistemaintainstheideathatclassicalmusic,Beethoven’sworksincluded,issuitableforreformation.Thereisaneedtobreakawayfromthetraditionalperceptionofclassicalmusic.(Batiste堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為古典音樂，包括貝多芬的作品，是適合改革的。有必要打破對(duì)古典音樂的傳統(tǒng)看法)”可知，Batiste為貝多芬作品賦予了新的生命，主張打破對(duì)古典音樂的傳統(tǒng)理解體現(xiàn)了他思想開明，能夠接受新的音樂觀念；根據(jù)最后一段“Duringhiswife’sillness,Batistefoundthatcreativityservedasasourceofstrength.Hismusic,oftenassociatedwithjoy,alsohasrootsinstruggle,asexemplifiedby“AmericanSymphony,”whichaddressesthenation’sdeep-seatedpainandculturaltensions.Throughhisart,Batisteaimstobridgethepastandpresent,creatingworksthatresonate(共鳴)withthehumanexperience.(在妻子生病期間，巴蒂斯特發(fā)現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造力是力量的源泉。他的音樂，經(jīng)常與歡樂聯(lián)系在一起，也有斗爭(zhēng)的根源，如“美國(guó)交響曲”，它解決了國(guó)家根深蒂固的痛苦和文化緊張關(guān)系。通過(guò)他的藝術(shù)，Batiste的目標(biāo)是在過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在之間架起一座橋梁，創(chuàng)造出與人類經(jīng)驗(yàn)產(chǎn)生共鳴的作品)”可知，他的紀(jì)錄片《美國(guó)交響樂團(tuán)》也展現(xiàn)了他在音樂創(chuàng)作上的創(chuàng)造力，能夠把個(gè)人經(jīng)歷（妻子患白血?。┡c音樂結(jié)合起來(lái)，創(chuàng)作出能反映國(guó)家深層痛苦和文化緊張局勢(shì)的作品，這些都充分體現(xiàn)了他的創(chuàng)造力。故選B?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“JonBatiste,abigfigureinthemusicworld,viewsrevisitingclassicworksasagoldenopportunity,asseeninhislatestalbum(專輯)“BeethovenBlues,”wherehegivesnewlifetoBeethoven’scompositions.HeperceivesauniversalandpowerfulessenceinBeethoven’smusic,similartothatintheblues.(JonBatiste是音樂界大人物，他認(rèn)為重溫經(jīng)典作品是一個(gè)千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)，正如他在最新專輯《貝多芬藍(lán)調(diào)》中所看到的那樣，他給貝多芬的作品賦予了新的生命。他在貝多芬的音樂中發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種普遍而有力的本質(zhì)，就像藍(lán)調(diào)音樂一樣)”可知，JonBatiste認(rèn)為重新審視舊作品是一個(gè)千載難逢的機(jī)會(huì)，可以連接以前從未連接過(guò)的點(diǎn)。他在新專輯《藍(lán)調(diào)貝多芬》中重新詮釋貝多芬的作品，這體現(xiàn)了他相信能從舊作品中挖掘出新的東西。故選C。CScientistshaveuncoveredacrucialpieceinthepuzzleofdinosaurfeatherevolution(羽毛進(jìn)化).Somefeathereddinosaurs,alongwiththeircharacteristicsharpteethandlargebodies,alsohadskinsimilartothatofmodernreptiles(爬行動(dòng)物).Featherslikelydevelopedinspecificareasofthedinosaur’sbody,whileotherpartswerecoveredinreptilianscales(鱗片).AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationsdetailsthesefindings,providingnewinsightsintotheevolutionaryshiftfromscalestofeathers.Feathersserveavarietyoffunctionsbeyondflight.Forinstance,peacocksusethemtoattractmates.Penguinsbenefitfromreduceddragwhentheydiveunderwater,andheronscanevenusetheirfeatherstocreateshade.Mostfeathereddinosaurs,suchastheropodsandsauropods,probablyusedfeatherstokeepwarm.MariaMcNamara,ascientistatUniversityCollegeCorkinIrelandandaco-authorofthestudy,commentedthattheshiftfromreptilianscalestofeathersisacrucialmilestoneinvertebrate(脊椎動(dòng)物的)evolution.Thisphenomenon,despitebeingthefocusofsubstantialresearch,stillresistscompleteunderstanding.Althoughnumerousfeatherfossilshavebeenstudied,fossilizedskinisextremelyrare.Inthisresearch,ateamfromUniversityCollegeCorkandNanjingUniversityinChinaexaminedararefossilizedskinsampleofthefeathereddinosaurPsittacosaurus.Thissmall,two-legged,horneddinosaurlivedinwhatisnowMongoliaandChinaduringtheearlyCretaceousperiod,around135—120millionyearsago,whendinosaurswerestartingtoevolveintobirds.Theresearchteamusedadevicewhichsentoutultravioletlight(紫外線)toidentifyareasofpreservedPsittacosaurusskin,whichareinvisibleundernaturallight.FurtherinspectionwithX-raysandinfraredlightrevealedthepreservedcellularstructure.Totheirsurprise,thefossilizedskinwasmadeofsilica,thesamecompound(化合物)asglass.Thistypeofpreservationhasneverbeenfoundinvertebratefossilsbefore.Theteambelievesthatsofter,morebird-likeskinmighthaveinitiallydevelopedonlyinthefeatheredpartsofthedinosaur’sbody,whiletherestoftheskinresembledthescalesofmodernreptiles.Thiszoneddevelopmentwouldhaveretainedessentialskinfunctions,likeprotectionagainstabrasion,dehydration,andparasites.Asaresult,thefirstdinosaurstodevelopfeatherscouldsurviveandpassonthegenesforfeatherstotheirlatergenerations.8.What’sthesignificanceofthestudy?A.Itchallengesourunderstandingofdinosaurs.B.Ithelpsbetterunderstandhowscalesformed.C.Itprovidescrucialevidenceforvertebrateevolution.D.Itrevealshowdinosaursbecameextinct.9.WhatmessagedoesMariaMcNamaradeliver?A.Feathersevolvedfromscalesveryquickly.B.Theevolutionaryprocessremainspartlyunknown.C.Thereisanurgentdemandformorefeatherfossils.D.Feathersarenecessaryindinosaurs’defencemechanism.10.Whatcanbelearnedabouttheresearch?A.Itlackedinternationalcooperation. B.Itignoredthediversityofdinosaurspecies.C.Itemployedmultipleadvancedtechnologies. D.Itmainlyfocusedonthedinosaur’sappearance.11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“retained”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Preserved. B.Transformed. C.Stimulated. D.Removed.【答案】8.C9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要講述了科學(xué)家對(duì)恐龍羽毛進(jìn)化的研究，通過(guò)對(duì)罕見的恐龍化石皮膚標(biāo)本的研究，為脊椎動(dòng)物進(jìn)化提供了關(guān)鍵證?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationsdetailsthesefindings,providingnewinsightsintotheevolutionaryshiftfromscalestofeathers.(發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究詳細(xì)介紹了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)，為從鱗片到羽毛的進(jìn)化轉(zhuǎn)變提供了新的見解)”以及第三段“MariaMcNamara,ascientistatUniversityCollegeCorkinIrelandandaco-authorofthestudy,commentedthattheshiftfromreptilianscalestofeathersisacrucialmilestoneinvertebrate(脊椎動(dòng)物的)evolution.(愛爾蘭科克大學(xué)的科學(xué)家、該研究的合著者M(jìn)ariaMcNamara評(píng)論說(shuō)，從爬行動(dòng)物的鱗片到羽毛的轉(zhuǎn)變是脊椎動(dòng)物進(jìn)化的一個(gè)重要里程碑)”可知，該研究為脊椎動(dòng)物進(jìn)化提供了關(guān)鍵證據(jù)。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“MariaMcNamara,ascientistatUniversityCollegeCorkinIrelandandaco-authorofthestudy,commentedthattheshiftfromreptilianscalestofeathersisacrucialmilestoneinvertebrate(脊椎動(dòng)物的)evolution.Thisphenomenon,despitebeingthefocusofsubstantialresearch,stillresistscompleteunderstanding.Althoughnumerousfeatherfossilshavebeenstudied,fossilizedskinisextremelyrare.(愛爾蘭科克大學(xué)的科學(xué)家、該研究的合著者M(jìn)ariaMcNamara評(píng)論說(shuō)，從爬行動(dòng)物的鱗片到羽毛的轉(zhuǎn)變是脊椎動(dòng)物進(jìn)化的一個(gè)重要里程碑。這一現(xiàn)象，盡管是大量研究的焦點(diǎn)，但仍然難以完全理解。雖然研究了許多羽毛化石，但皮膚化石卻極為罕見)”可知，MMariaMcNamara到從爬行動(dòng)物鱗片到羽毛的進(jìn)化是重要但未被充分理解的事件，說(shuō)明這一進(jìn)化過(guò)程還有部分未知。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchteamusedadevicewhichsentoutultravioletlight(紫外線)toidentifyareasofpreservedPsittacosaurusskin,whichareinvisibleundernaturallight.FurtherinspectionwithX-raysandinfraredlightrevealedthepreservedcellularstructure.(研究小組使用了一種發(fā)射紫外線的設(shè)備來(lái)識(shí)別保存在自然光線下看不見的鸚鵡嘴龍皮膚區(qū)域。進(jìn)一步的X射線和紅外線檢查揭示了保存完好的細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu))”可知，科學(xué)家們?cè)谘芯吭摶瘯r(shí)，使用了發(fā)射紫外線的設(shè)備、X射線和紅外線等多種先進(jìn)技術(shù)。故選C?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“l(fā)ikeprotectionagainstabrasion,dehydration,andparasites.Asaresult,thefirstdinosaurstodevelopfeatherscouldsurviveandpassonthegenesforfeatherstotheirlatergenerations(比如防止磨損、脫水和寄生蟲。因此，最早長(zhǎng)出羽毛的恐龍能夠存活下來(lái)，并將羽毛的基因傳給后代)”可知，這里指起到了保護(hù)作用，因此，第一批發(fā)育出羽毛的恐龍可以生存下來(lái)，并將基因傳遞給后代。由此推知，這種區(qū)域性的發(fā)育“保留”了皮膚的功能，對(duì)皮膚起到保護(hù)作用。故劃線詞意思是“保留”。故選A。DAskstudentstodescribetheirbrain,andthey’relikelytosuggestacomputer,acommandcenter,ormaybealightning-fastcommunicationsnetwork.Butthey’dbebetteroffthinkingofthebrainasamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuse.ResearchersnowunderstandthatIQisn’tfixedatbirth.Justaswegetmorephysicallyfitfromexercising,wecanbuildbrainpowerthroughtheactoflearning.ChildrenwhoadoptwhatpsychologistCarolDweckcallsagrowthmindset(思維模式)understandthatintelligenceisn’tfixedbutcanbedevelopedthrougheffort.InMindset,Dweckexplainswhystudentswhohaveagrowthmindsetaremorewillingtotacklechallenges,learnfromfailure,andseecriticismasusefulfeedback(反饋)ratherthananexcusetogiveup.Thisisthekindofthinkingthatkeepsstudentsmotivated,evenwhenlearningishardwork.Thegoodnewsisthateventhemindsetisn’tfixed.Agrowthmindsetcanbelearnedandenhancedbymessagesthatpraisepersistenceandsethighexpectations.Forexample,helpstudentsunderstandthatchallengingassignmentswillstretchtheir“thinkingmuscles.”Atthesametime,providethemwithnecessarysupportsotheydon’tgetdiscouraged.Itiswidelybelievedthatallbrainsarenotequalandthatcontextandabilityinfluencelearning.Thebrainconnectsnewinformationtotheoldandcanbechangedbyexperience.Effectiveteachingstrategieshelpstudentsmovetowardhigher-orderthinking,orwhatneurologistscallexecutive(執(zhí)行)function.AsprofessorJudyWillis,MDexplains,“Wheneducatorsofferstudentschancestoputtheirlearningintopractice,particularlybyengagingthemingenuine,personallyrelevantactivitiesaccompaniedbyformativeassessmentsandcorrectivefeedbackthroughoutaunit,thefactsstudentslearnarenolongerrote(死記硬背)memory.Instead,thesefactsbecomesolidlyintegratedintoaninterconnectedmemoryframework,ratherthanbeingdesertedduetolackofuse.”O(jiān)fcourse,allthisbrainactivityishappeninginauniquewayforeachstudent.Byaddressinglearners’individualneeds,educatorscanhelpstudentsstrengthenthebondsthatwillleadtodeeperunderstanding.12.Whydoestheauthorcomparethebraintoamuscle?A.Toprovetheypossessmemorycells.B.Toshowtheycanbestrengthenedthroughexercise.C.Toemphasizetheytransportinformationquickly.D.Toillustratetheyareimportantorgansofthebody.13.WhatarechildrenwithagrowthmindsetlikeaccordingtoDweck?A.Theytendtoshyawayfromtrouble.B.Theypreferpositivefeedbackfromothers.C.Theyregardintelligenceasanunchangeablequality.D.Theyviewbarriersasopportunitiesforpersonalgrowth.14.Whichofthefollowingenhancesexecutivefunction?A.Creativeengagement. B.Organizingactivitiespersonally.C.Engagingindirectinteraction. D.Completeindependence.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.IQandItsInfluenceonLearningB.TheGrowthMindset:AKeytoDifficulty-SolvingC.TheSignificanceofExecutiveFunctioninEducationD.BrainpowerBuilding:EncourageaGrowthMindset【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了成長(zhǎng)型思維模式及其在教學(xué)中的應(yīng)用。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Butthey’dbebetteroffthinkingofthebrainasamusclethatgetsstrongerwithuse.ResearchersnowunderstandthatIQisn’tfixedatbirth.Justaswegetmorephysicallyfitfromexercising,wecanbuildbrainpowerthroughtheactoflearning.(但他們最好把大腦想象成一塊隨著使用而變得更強(qiáng)壯的肌肉。研究人員現(xiàn)在明白，智商并不是與生俱來(lái)的。就像我們通過(guò)鍛煉變得更健康一樣，我們可以通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)來(lái)建立智力)”可知，作者把大腦比作肌肉是為了表明智力可以通過(guò)鍛煉得到加強(qiáng)。故選B。【13題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“InMindset,Dweckexplainswhystudentswhohaveagrowthmindsetaremorewillingtotacklechallenges,learnfromfailure,andseecriticismasusefulfeedback(反饋)ratherthananexcusetogiveup.(在《心態(tài)》一書中，德韋克解釋了為什么擁有成長(zhǎng)型心態(tài)的學(xué)生更愿意應(yīng)對(duì)挑戰(zhàn)，從失敗中學(xué)習(xí)，并將批評(píng)視為有用的反饋，而不是放棄的借口)”可知，有成長(zhǎng)型思維的孩子會(huì)把遇到的困難看作成長(zhǎng)的機(jī)會(huì)，而不輕言放棄。故選D。【14題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Effectiveteachingstrategieshelpstudentsmovetowardhigher-orderthinking,orwhatneurologistscallexecutive(執(zhí)行)function.AsprofessorJudyWillis,MDexplains,“Wheneducatorsofferstudentschancestoputtheirlearningintopractice,particularlybyengagingthemingenuine,personallyrelevantactivitiesaccompaniedbyformativeassessmentsandcorrectivefeedbackthroughoutaunit,thefactsstudentslearnarenolongerrote(死記硬背)memory.Instead,thesefactsbecomesolidlyintegratedintoaninterconnectedmemoryframework,ratherthanbeingdesertedduetolackofuse.”(有效的教學(xué)策略幫助學(xué)生進(jìn)入高階思維，或者神經(jīng)學(xué)家所說(shuō)的執(zhí)行功能。醫(yī)學(xué)博士朱JudyWillis教授解釋說(shuō)：“當(dāng)教育者為學(xué)生提供將所學(xué)付諸實(shí)踐的機(jī)會(huì)時(shí)，特別是通過(guò)讓他們參與真正的、與個(gè)人相關(guān)的活動(dòng)，并在整個(gè)單元中進(jìn)行形成性評(píng)估和糾正性反饋，學(xué)生所學(xué)的知識(shí)不再是死記硬背。相反，這些事實(shí)被牢固地整合到一個(gè)相互關(guān)聯(lián)的記憶框架中，而不是因?yàn)槿狈κ褂枚贿z棄?！?”可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)了讓學(xué)生參與真實(shí)且與個(gè)人相關(guān)的活動(dòng)，并給予反對(duì)提升執(zhí)行功能的重要性，即創(chuàng)造性的參與會(huì)提高學(xué)生的執(zhí)行功能。故選A。15題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ChildrenwhoadoptwhatpsychologistCarolDweckcallsagrowthmindset(思維模式)understandthatintelligenceisn’tfixedbutcanbedevelopedthrougheffort.(采用心理學(xué)家CarolDweck所說(shuō)的成長(zhǎng)型思維模式的孩子明白，智力不是固定不變的，而是可以通過(guò)努力來(lái)發(fā)展的)”結(jié)合文章圍繞大腦能力提升展開，包括成長(zhǎng)型思維培養(yǎng)、有效教學(xué)策略等，D選項(xiàng)“腦力建設(shè)：鼓勵(lì)成長(zhǎng)心態(tài)”全面概括了文章核心內(nèi)容，最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Sometimes,determiningwhichprojectsyoushoulddevoteyourtimeandenergytofirsttakesenergyyoudon’thavetospare.___16___,youstillneedtofigureouthowtoprioritizethem.Trythe3-3-3method.ThistechniquecomesfromOliverBurkeman,authorofFourThousandWeeks:TimeManagementforMortals.___17___.First,devotethreehourstodeepworkonyourmostimportantproject.Next,completethreeotherurgenttasksthatdon’trequirethreehoursoffocus.Finally,dothree“maintenance”tasks,likecleaning,answeringemails,orschedulingotherwork.___18___.Jumpingintoitfirstmeansyou’llbefresh,focused,andmorelikelytobeabletofocusonataskwithoutgettingdistracted.Keepthosethreehoursfreeofemails,texts,chit-chat,orothersmallerduties,tothebestofyourability.Deepworkproducesmajorproductivity,soyou’llgetalotaccomplishedifyoucommittoit,butyoucan’tstayinthatmindsetforever.You'llwearyourselfoutafteraboutthreehours.___19___.Finally,yourmaintenancetasksgiveyouachancetogetthingsdonewhilegivingyourbrainarest.Thistechniqueissimilarto“eatingthefrog”,ordoingyourhardesttaskfirstthing.___20___,oryoucanuseittoputfinishingtouchesonwhateveryouwereworkingonduringthosethreehoursofintensefocus.Youcanusethistechniquetomanagementtasksofvaryingurgencylevels.Justbesuretostickwiththeprocess,startingwiththebigliftandfinishingoffwiththelittlejobsthatkeepitallflowing.A.SogotothreeothersmallertaskstostayproductiveB.ButevenwhenyouknowwhattasksneedtobedoneC.Headvocatesplanningeachworkdayarounda3-3-3modelD.EvenifyoupayattentiontohowmanyresourcesyouwillneedE.He’llfeelthesamesenseofreliefwhenmovingontolessertasksF.Useyourmaintenancetimetoprepareforthefollowingday’sworkG.Whatdistinguishesthismethodfromothersisthefirstthreehours’deepwork【答案】16.B17.C18.G19.A20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了“3-3-3”方法來(lái)幫助人們安排任務(wù)的優(yōu)先級(jí)?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Sometimes,determiningwhichprojectsyoushoulddevoteyourtimeandenergytofirsttakesenergyyoudon’thavetospare.(有時(shí)候，決定你應(yīng)該先把時(shí)間和精力投入到哪個(gè)項(xiàng)目上，會(huì)消耗掉你本不需要多余花費(fèi)的精力。)”和下文“youstillneedtofigureouthowtoprioritizethem.(你仍然需要弄清楚如何對(duì)它們進(jìn)行優(yōu)先排序。)”可知，此處表示雖然知道有很多任務(wù)要做，但仍然需要弄清楚如何對(duì)它們進(jìn)行優(yōu)先排序，選項(xiàng)B“但即使你知道需要完成哪些任務(wù)”符合語(yǔ)境，起到了承上啟下的作用。故選B?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“ThistechniquecomesfromOliverBurkeman,authorofFourThousandWeeks:TimeManagementforMortals.(這項(xiàng)技術(shù)來(lái)自于奧利弗·伯克曼，他是《四千周：凡人的時(shí)間管理》一書的作者。)”和下文“First,devotethreehourstodeepworkonyourmostimportantproject.Next,completethreeotherurgenttasksthatdon’trequirethreehoursoffocus.Finally,dothree‘maintenance’tasks,likecleaning,answeringemails,orschedulingotherwork.(首先，花三個(gè)小時(shí)深入研究你最重要的項(xiàng)目。接下來(lái)，完成其他三個(gè)不需要三個(gè)小時(shí)專注的緊急任務(wù)。最后，完成三項(xiàng)‘維護(hù)’任務(wù)，比如清潔、回復(fù)電子郵件或安排其他工作。)”可知，此處表示奧利弗·伯克曼建議的“3-3-3”模式，即每天的工作安排應(yīng)該是三個(gè)小時(shí)的深度工作，三個(gè)緊急任務(wù)，和三個(gè)維護(hù)任務(wù)，選項(xiàng)C“他主張每個(gè)工作日都圍繞3-3-3模式進(jìn)行規(guī)劃”符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Jumpingintoitfirstmeansyou’llbefresh,focused,andmorelikelytobeabletofocusonataskwithoutgettingdistracted.(首先投入其中意味著你會(huì)保持精力充沛、注意力集中，并且更有可能專注于一項(xiàng)任務(wù)而不分心。)”可推測(cè)出，本段主要講述的是“3-3-3”模式中前三個(gè)小時(shí)的深度工作，選項(xiàng)G“這種方法與其他方法的區(qū)別在于前三個(gè)小時(shí)的深度工作”符合語(yǔ)境，總領(lǐng)全段。故選G?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Deepworkproducesmajorproductivity,soyou’llgetalotaccomplishedifyoucommittoit,butyoucan’tstayinthatmindsetforever.You'llwearyourselfoutafteraboutthreehours.(深度工作能產(chǎn)生巨大的生產(chǎn)力，所以如果你全身心投入，你會(huì)完成很多工作，但你不能永遠(yuǎn)保持這種心態(tài)。大約三個(gè)小時(shí)后，你就會(huì)筋疲力盡。)”可知，此處表示在完成三個(gè)小時(shí)的深度工作之后，應(yīng)該去做一些其他的較小的任務(wù)來(lái)保持工作效率，選項(xiàng)A“所以，去做其他三個(gè)較小的任務(wù)來(lái)保持工作效率”符合語(yǔ)境。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)下文“oryoucanuseittoputfinishingtouchesonwhateveryouwereworkingonduringthosethreehoursofintensefocus.(或者你可以用它來(lái)為你在那三個(gè)小時(shí)專注工作中所做的事情做最后的潤(rùn)色。)”可推測(cè)出，本段主要講述的是如何利用維護(hù)時(shí)間，選項(xiàng)F“利用你的維護(hù)時(shí)間為第二天的工作做準(zhǔn)備”符合語(yǔ)境，與下文為選擇關(guān)系，都表示對(duì)維護(hù)時(shí)間的利用。故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Nooneiswillingtofallill,especiallyinaforeigncountryalone.___21___,suchwasexactlywhathappenedtome.Afewmonthsago,whileIwasengagedinavolunteeringprojectinMwanza,Tanzania,something___22___happened—Ifellill.Despitemy___23___totakemedicinesandavoidunboiledwater,Iwashithard.Iwas___24___toaclinicwithahighfeverandseverebodypain.Aloneandterrified,Ieventhought,atacertainmoment,thatitwasthe___25___.___26___abatteryoftests,Ireceivedadiagnosis(診斷)ofseriousmalaria.Thedoctorgavemeinjectionsandtablets,___27___Iwouldn'thavetobeadmittedtothehospital.I___28