初中復(fù)習(xí)專題-完形填空和閱讀理解知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納經(jīng)典

最新復(fù)習(xí)專題——完形填空和閱讀理解知識(shí)點(diǎn)歸納經(jīng)典一、完形填空1．閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

"Nevergiveup!"Itismylaw（法則）oflife.Ithasbroughtme

1.Ilearnedthelawfrommyfather's

2story.

Myfatherwas

3inapoorvillageinthenorthofJiangsu,inChina.Whenhewasayoungboy,hewenttoschoolinthemorning,then

4inthefieldstillsunset.Andthenhedidhishomework

5midnight.Lifewashard,becausetheyhadno

6!

Attheageof14,myfatherheardoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica.Itwasthelandofgold,thelandwhere

7peoplecanbecomerich.

"8don'tIgotoAmerica?"hethoughttohimself,fullofhope.

SomyfathercametoAmerica.“Ihadthoughtitwaseasyto

9moneyinAmerica,"hetoldme."ButwhenIarrivedthere,Irealizeditwasnottrue.

Theydidnotliketohire（雇傭）mebecauseIspoke

10English.Later,Iworkedinasmallrestaurant,cleaninguptables,

11dishesandsweepingthefloor.Lifewas

12forthefirstfewyears.Iworkedfrom10a.m.to11p.m.IwantedtogotoschooltolearnEnglish,butitwasimpossible.Icouldn't

13theschooling（學(xué)費(fèi)）."

Myfather

14workinghard,andreachedhisgoal.

"Alan,"heoftensaystome."Ifyouwantsomething,youhavetoworkforitandnevergiveup.Thingsdonotcome

15inlife."ThatiswhatIlearnedfrommyfather.1.A.disasterB.loss

C.success

D.pity2.A.lifeB.fashion

C.danger

D.history3.A.famous

B.lucky

C.rich

D.born4.A.taught

B.worked

C.studiedD.slept5.A.untilB.towards

C.for

D.during6.A.experience

B.energy

C.time

D.money7.A.kindB.poor

C.strong

D.lazy8.A.What

B.How

C.Why

D.When9.A.discoverB.make

C.collect

D.spend10.A.little

B.good

C.much

D.excellent11.A.givingB.running

C.washingD.receiving12.A.comfortableB.cheerful

C.nice

D.hard13.A.borrowB.need

C.afford

D.pay14.A.kept

B.finished

C.mindedD.stopped15.A.really

B.easily

C.quietly

D.slowly

【答案】（1）C；（2）A；（3）D；（4）B；（5）A；（6）D；（7）B；（8）C；（9）B；（10）A；（11）C；（12）D；（13）C；（14）A；（15）B；【解析】【分析】這篇短文講述了我從父親身上懂得了“永不放棄”這條生活法則。父親生活在一個(gè)貧窮的農(nóng)場(chǎng)，為了謀求生路，他來到美國(guó)。在美國(guó)，他一直過著艱苦的生活，但他并沒有放棄，最后取得了成功。父親告訴我如果想要獲得成功，就要永不放棄的走下去。⑴考查名詞與語境理解。根據(jù)前文“Nevergiveup!”Itismylaw（法則）ofmylife.“永不放棄”是我的生活法則；得知此句為：它給我?guī)沓晒Α災(zāi)難；B損失；C成功；D同情；結(jié)合語境故選C。⑵考查名詞與語境理解。根據(jù)后文得知，講述的是父親的生活故事，此句為：我從父親的生活故事里學(xué)到了這條法則。A生活；B時(shí)尚；C危險(xiǎn)；D歷史；結(jié)合語境故選A。⑶:考查形容詞與語境理解。結(jié)合后前后文，此句為：我父親出生在中國(guó)江蘇的一個(gè)貧困的鄉(xiāng)村。A著名的；B幸運(yùn)的;C富裕的；D出生；結(jié)合語境故選D。⑷考查動(dòng)詞與語境理解。結(jié)合前文hewenttoschoolinthemorning,他早上去上學(xué)；此句為：然后在田里干活到日落。A教書；B工作；C學(xué)習(xí)；D睡覺；結(jié)合語境故選B。⑸考查介詞與語境理解。結(jié)合前后文，此句為：然后他做作業(yè)直到午夜。A直到；B向；C為了；D期間；結(jié)合語境故選A。⑹考查名詞與語境理解。結(jié)合前文Lifewashard,生活很困難；此句為：因?yàn)樗麄儧]有錢。A經(jīng)驗(yàn)；B能量；C時(shí)間；D錢；結(jié)合語境故選D。⑺考查形容詞與語境理解。結(jié)合后文得知，這是個(gè)讓人變富裕的地方，此句為：那是個(gè)黃金之地，那里的窮人可以變富裕。A友好的；B窮的；C強(qiáng)壯的；D懶的；結(jié)合語境故選B。⑻考查疑問詞與語境理解。結(jié)合前后文，此句為：我為什么不去美國(guó)呢？句型whydon’tIdosth.?為什么不做某事呢？A什么；B如何；C為什么；D什么時(shí)候；結(jié)合語境故選C。⑼考查動(dòng)詞與語境理解。這里說的是在美國(guó)掙錢，句意為：我本以為在這里掙錢很容易。Makemoney掙錢，故選B。A發(fā)現(xiàn)；C收集；D花費(fèi)。⑽考查形容詞與語境理解。根據(jù)前文Theydidnotliketohire（雇傭）me他們不想雇傭我；此句為：因?yàn)槲也辉跄軙?huì)說英語。A幾乎沒有，表否定；B好；C很多；D優(yōu)秀的；結(jié)合語境故選A。⑾考查動(dòng)詞與語境理解。結(jié)合前文，這里講的是在飯店干活，此句為：我在一家小餐館工作，擦桌子，洗盤子和打掃地板。Washdishes洗盤子，故選C。⑿考查名詞與語境理解。根據(jù)前后文得知，在美國(guó)的生活是很辛苦的。A舒服的；B振奮的；C漂亮的；D辛苦的；結(jié)合語境故選D。⒀考查動(dòng)詞與語境理解。結(jié)合前文IwantedtogotoschooltolearnEnglish,butitwasimpossible.我想上學(xué)學(xué)英語，但是不可能。此句為：因?yàn)槲腋恫黄饘W(xué)費(fèi)。A借；B需要；C支付得起；D付款；結(jié)合語境故選C。⒁考查動(dòng)詞與語境理解。根據(jù)后文andreachedhisgoal.然后他達(dá)到了目標(biāo)；此句為：我父親一直努力工作；A保持；B完成；C介意；D停止；結(jié)合語境故選A。⒂考查副詞與語境理解。由前文得知，父親成功的經(jīng)歷是不容易的，此句為：生活中的事物不會(huì)輕易到來的。A真的；B輕易；C安靜地；D慢慢地；結(jié)合語境故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】完型填空考查詞匯在篇章中的運(yùn)用能力，做完型填空首先要跳過空格通讀文章掌握其大意，然后細(xì)讀文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考慮句型、語法、搭配、語境等因素。最后通讀一遍檢查驗(yàn)證。2．完形填空

GlobalwarmingmeansthetemperatureoftheEarthisgettinghigherandhigher.IftheEarthgets1,someofthefollowingthingscouldhappen:

Thesealevelcould2

becauseofthemeltingofseaice.

Manyanimalsthatliveontheicemight3

out.

Therecouldbemorefloods（洪水）,4

neartheseaandrivers.

Someplantsandanimalsmightdiebecausetheycannotliveinhigh5.

Globalwarmingisavery6

problemnow.Thereissomethingwecandotohelptoslowitdown.

Scientistshavebeenstudyingglobalwarmingforyears.Theyhavefoundthatsomethingsthatpeopledoineverydaylifemakemuchgasthat7

globalwarming.Onebigcauseofthisistheburningofoil,gasandcoalforenergyforourcarsandhomes.Thisgivesofftoomuchgreenhousegas.Wecandosomethingtocut8

ontheamountofgreenhousegas.

⒈Wecanreallyhelpbyusinglessenergyinlife,andlessgasinourfamilycars.Weshouldturnoffthe9

andturndownotherelectricalequipment.Weshouldwalkmoreandusecarsless.

⒉10

cantakeinsomeofthegreenhousegas.Soweshouldplantmoretrees.1.A.biggerB.olderC.hotterD.slower2.A.riseB.fallC.remainD.quit3.A.goB.dieC.letD.put4.A.especiallyB.luckilyC.continuallyD.nearly5.A.talentB.tentC.topD.temperature6.A.easyB.naturalC.seriousD.nervous7.A.stopsB.causesC.preventsD.affects8.A.offB.intoC.outD.down9.A.doorsB.lightsC.invitationsD.roads10.A.GrassesB.FlowersC.ForestsD.Animals【答案】（1）C；（2）A；（3）B；（4）A；（5）D；（6）C；（7）B；（8）D；（9）B；（10）C；【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章介紹了全球變暖會(huì)造成的一些后果以及對(duì)于全球變暖我們可以做的事。

（1）句意：如果地球變得更熱，可能會(huì)發(fā)生以下一些事情。A更大的；B更老的；C更熱的；D更慢的。由thetemperatureoftheEarthisgettinghigherandhigher可知此處表示如果地球變得越來越熱，故選C。（2）句意：由于海冰融化，海平面可能上升。A升起；B跌落；C保持；D退出。由themeltingofseaice可知海平面會(huì)上升，故選A。（3）句意：許多生活在冰上的動(dòng)物可能會(huì)滅絕。A出去；B滅絕；C釋放；D撲滅。由theEarthgetshotter可知此處表示許多住在冰上的動(dòng)物會(huì)滅絕，故選B。（4）句意：可能會(huì)有更多的洪水，尤其是在靠近海洋和河流的地方。A特別是；B幸運(yùn)地；C持續(xù)地；D幾乎。根據(jù)語句Therecouldbemorefloods可知此處表示可能會(huì)有更多的洪災(zāi)，特別是在海洋和河流附近，故選A。（5）句意：一些動(dòng)植物可能會(huì)因?yàn)闊o法在高溫下生存而死亡。A天賦；B帳篷；C頂部；D溫度。由theEarthgetshotter可知此處的是因?yàn)樗鼈儾荒茉诟邷叵律?，故選D。（6）句意：全球變暖現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)非常嚴(yán)重的問題。A容易的；B自然的；C嚴(yán)格的，嚴(yán)肅的；D緊張的。由上文提到的全球變暖會(huì)導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果可知此處表示的是全球變暖現(xiàn)在是一個(gè)很嚴(yán)峻的問題，故選C。（7）句意：科學(xué)家們一直在研究全球變暖的起因。A停止；B引起；C防止；D影響。由Onebigcauseofthisistheburningofoil…可知此處表示科學(xué)家們一直在研究全球變暖的起因，故選B。（8）句意：我們可以做點(diǎn)什么來減少溫室氣體排放量。A切斷；B切入；C裁剪；D砍，減少。由Thisgivesofftoomuchgreenhousegas，可知此處表示我們可以做點(diǎn)什么來減少溫室氣體排放量，故選D。（9）句意：我們應(yīng)該關(guān)上電燈。A門；B光；C邀請(qǐng)；D路。由Wecanreallyhelpbyusinglessenergyinlife可知此處表示我們應(yīng)該關(guān)上電燈，故選B。（10）句意：森林可以吸收一些溫室氣體。A草；B花；C森林；D動(dòng)物。由Soweshouldplantmoretrees，可知此處表示森林可以吸收一些溫室氣體，選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查完形填空，首先通讀一遍文章，跳過缺失的單詞，再根據(jù)上下文來判斷所缺單詞的含義，最后對(duì)選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行區(qū)別，選出正確的那一項(xiàng)。3．完形填空

YuzuruHanyuisafamousJapanesefigure（花樣滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員）.HewasborninJapanin1994.Hesufferedfromasthma（哮喘）whenhewasyoung.Tohelptreathisillness,Hanyu1

skatingattheageoffourwithhissister.

Whenhewaseleven,Hanyuhadan2.Intheinterview,hesaidthathis3wastowinanOlympicgoldmedal.Inordertomake4

dreamcometrue,hemademanyefforts.In2011,abigearthquakehappenedinHanyu'shometownanddestroyedthelocalrink（溜冰場(chǎng)）.Butthatdidn't5himfrompractisingskating.Hestuckwithhistraininginotherrinksandperformedin60iceshows6

hislocalrinkreopened.

Hanyu'shardwork7paidoffatthe2014WinterOlympics.He8

theworldrecordinthemen'sshortprogrammeandwonthe9

OlympicgoldmedalforJapaninthemen'sfigureskatingevent.HeisthesecondyoungestmalefigureskatertobecometheOlympicchampion.

Hanyuwascrownedthechampionagaininthemen'sfigureskatingatthe2018WinterOlympics.Hehasmillionsof10

inhiscountry.Theyarehopingtoseemorewonderfulperformancesfromhiminthefuture.1.A.setupB.openedupC.tookup2.A.interviewB.instructionC.introduction3.A.habitB.dreamC.hobby4.A.itsB.hisC.my5.A.avoidB.trickC.stop6.A.untilB.unlessC.because7.A.suddenlyB.finallyC.especially8.A.brokeB.gotC.compared9.A.thirdB.secondC.first10.A.potsB.fansC.titles【答案】（1）C；（2）A；（3）B；（4）B；（5）C；（6）A；（7）B；（8）A；（9）C；（10）B；【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介紹日本花樣滑冰運(yùn)動(dòng)員韓愈個(gè)人情況和在滑冰方面所取得成就。（1）句意：為了幫助治療疾病，韓愈四歲時(shí)就和姐姐一起開始滑冰。A：setup建立；B：openedup開發(fā)，打開；C：tookup從事。根據(jù)上文Tohelptreathisillness,

可知才會(huì)從事滑冰。故選C。（2）句意：十一歲時(shí)，韓愈接受一次采訪。A：interview采訪，面試；B：instructio用法說明；C：introduction介紹。根據(jù)下文Intheinterview,hesaidthathis3wastowinanOlympicgoldmedal.可知接受一次采訪。故選A。（3）句意：在采訪中，他說他的夢(mèng)想是贏得一枚奧運(yùn)金牌。A：habit習(xí)慣；B：dream夢(mèng)想；C：hobby愛好。根據(jù)下文Inordertomake4dreamcometrue,hemademanyefforts.可知他的夢(mèng)想是贏得一枚奧運(yùn)金牌，故選B。（4）句意：為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他的夢(mèng)想，他做了很多努力。A：its它的；B：his他的；C：my我的。根據(jù)下文

hemademanyefforts.

可知他為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他自己的夢(mèng)想，故選B。（5）句意：但這并沒有阻止他練習(xí)滑冰。A：avoid避免；B：trick欺騙；C：stop停止。根據(jù)下文Hestuckwithhistraininginotherrinksandperformedin60iceshowsuntilhislocalrinkreopened.，可知沒有阻止他練習(xí)滑冰，故選C。（6）句意：他堅(jiān)持在其他溜冰場(chǎng)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，并在60場(chǎng)冰上表演，直到當(dāng)?shù)亓锉鶊?chǎng)重新開放。A：until直到……為止；B：unless除非；C：because因?yàn)?。perform表演，持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，一直持續(xù)到reopen重新開放，故選A。（7）句意：韓愈的努力終于在2014年冬奧會(huì)上得到了回報(bào)。A：suddenly突然；B：finally最后；C：especially特別。根據(jù)下文He8theworldrecordinthemen'sshortprogrammeandwonthe9OlympicgoldmedalforJapaninthemen'sfigureskatingevent.可知通過之前的努力得到回報(bào)，故選B。（8）句意：他打破了男子短道速滑項(xiàng)目的世界紀(jì)錄，并在男子花樣滑冰項(xiàng)目上為日本贏得了第一枚奧運(yùn)金牌。A：broke打破；B：got得到；C：compared比較。根據(jù)下文...theworldrecordinthemen'sshortprogramme.

可知一定是打破世界記錄。

故選A。（9）句意：他打破了男子短道速滑項(xiàng)目的世界紀(jì)錄，并在男子花樣滑冰項(xiàng)目上為日本贏得了第一枚奧運(yùn)金牌。A：third第三；B：second第二；C：first第一。根據(jù)下文HeisthesecondyoungestmalefigureskatertobecometheOlympicchampion.可知一定是獲得金牌（第一名），

故選C。（10）句意：他在他的國(guó)家有數(shù)百萬的粉絲。A：pots鍋；B：fans扇子，迷；C：titles標(biāo)題。根據(jù)上文Hanyuwascrownedthechampionagaininthemen'sfigureskatingatthe2018WinterOlympics.

可知才會(huì)贏得數(shù)百萬粉絲，

故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查完形填空。做題時(shí)，應(yīng)先通讀全文，了解大意,理清文章的內(nèi)容和邏輯關(guān)系。然后逐一做題,，注意上下文的提示和空前后的搭配；最后再讀短文，印證答案。4．完形填空

It'sveryimportantthatweallrecycle.Innature,everything1

again.Forexample,whenananimaldies,itbecomes2

animal'sfood.Nothingiswasted.Buthumanshavecreatedthingslikeplasticbagswhichcan'tbe3

downbynature.Our4

killsanimalsandpolluteswaterandsoil.5

wecontinuemakingtoomuchrubbish,theproblemwillonlygetworse.Ifnaturecan'treusetherubbish,wemustrecycle6

.Weshouldcleanuptherubbishwe'vemadebecausenaturecan't.

Recyclingisalsotherightthingtodoforanotherreason.Theearthisrichinnaturalmaterialslikewaterandtrees,7

thesematerialsarenotendless（無盡的）.Weuseupournaturalmaterials8

fasterthantheearthisabletoreproduce（再生）them.Forexample,eachyearwecut9

morethan6,000squaremilesofforest.Butittakesanaverageof25yearsforanewtree10

.

Recyclingcanhelpussavetheearth,solet'stakeactionrightnow.1.A.useB.isusingC.usedD.isused2.A.anotherB.othersC.theotherD.theothers3.A.lainB.takenC.putD.broken4.A.rubbishB.natureC.materialD.food5.A.WhenB.WhyC.IfD.Unless6.A.themB.itC.itselfD.themselves7.A.orB.soC.andD.but8.A.veryB.moreC.muchD.many9.A.outB.downC.upD.into10.A.growsB.growingC.grewD.togrow【答案】（1）D；（2）A；（3）D；（4）A；（5）C；（6）B；（7）D；（8）C；（9）B；（10）D；【解析】【分析】大意：本文主要介紹了循環(huán)利用的重要性。（1）句意：在自然界,所有東西都可以被再次使用。根據(jù)主語everything與動(dòng)詞為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系可知，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)be動(dòng)詞+過去分詞，主語everything為三單，be動(dòng)詞用is，use的過去分詞為used。故選D。（2）句意為：一只動(dòng)物死后,變成另一只動(dòng)物的食物。another在此處表示泛指三者或者三者中的“另外一個(gè)”。故選A。（3）句意：塑料袋不能被大自然分解。固定搭配breakdown使（物質(zhì)）……分解；被動(dòng)語態(tài)中，break過去分詞是broken。故選D。（4）句意為：我們制造的垃圾導(dǎo)致動(dòng)物死亡，污染水源和土壤。根據(jù)下文wecontinuemakingtoomuchrubbish我們繼續(xù)制造這樣的垃圾，可知此處陶坤的是rubbish垃圾。故選A。（5）句意為：如果我們繼續(xù)制造大量的垃圾,問題將會(huì)更加變得更加嚴(yán)重。連詞if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故選C。（6）句意：如果自然無法重復(fù)使用這些垃圾，我們必須循環(huán)利用它。代詞it只帶上文的不可數(shù)名詞rubbish。故選B。（7）句意：地球上的自然資源，如水資源、森林資源等非常豐富，但它們并不是無窮無盡的。根據(jù)前后兩句的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，可知用連詞but。故選D。（8）句意：我們使用自然能源的速度比地球再生的速度要快得多。程度副詞much用在形容詞比較級(jí)前，表示加強(qiáng)程度。故選C。（9）句意：每年我們砍伐超過6000平方千米的森林。固定搭配cutdown“砍伐”。故選B。（10）句意：一棵樹長(zhǎng)大要花25年的時(shí)間。固定句型ittakessometimetodosth.“做某事耗費(fèi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”。故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查詞匯在篇章中的運(yùn)用能力，答題時(shí)首先要跳過空格通讀文章掌握其大意，然后細(xì)讀文章字斟句酌逐一作答，注意考慮句型、語法、搭配、語境等因素。最后通讀一遍檢查驗(yàn)證。5．完形填空

Thenexttimeyouseeawatch,pleaselookatthebackofyourwatch.You1seetheEnglishwords“2

inChina”.Lookat3else,forexample,aradio.Againyoumay4theEnglishwords“MadeinChina”,“MadeinJapan”,5even“MadeinGermany”.English6thefirstlanguageinnoneofthesecountries.WhyaretheEnglishwords“madein”7

onthesethings?Itis8inthemodernworld,Englishis9

usedforbusinessbetweendifferentcountries.AboveallIfyoulearneven10

English,youwillfinditusefulafteryouleaveschool.1.A.mayB.mustC.needD.maybe2.A.MadeB.MakeC.MakingD.Makes3.A.anythingB.somethingC.nothingD.everything4.A.findB.foundC.foundedD.befound5.A.andB.butC.orD.so6.A.isn'tB.hasC.doesn'tD.is7.A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writing8.A.sinceB.becauseC.forD.as

9.A.widenB.wideC.widelyD.morewidely10.A.afewB.alittleC.fewD.little【答案】（1）A；（2）A；（3）B；（4）A；（5）C；（6）D；（7）C；（8）B；（9）C；（10）B；【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要講述了為什么一些產(chǎn)品上有“Madein···”這些英語字。（1）考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：你可能看到英語單詞“中國(guó)制造”?？赡埽簃ay,后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故選A。（2）考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意：你可能看到英語單詞“中國(guó)制造”。中國(guó)制造：MadeinChina.常用過去分詞，故選A。（3）考查不定代詞。句意：看看其他的某些東西，例如一臺(tái)收音機(jī)。某些東西：something，故選B。（4）考查動(dòng)詞用法。句意：再一次你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)英語單詞“中國(guó)制造”，“日本制造”，或甚至是“德國(guó)制造”。find：發(fā)現(xiàn)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形，故選A。（5）考查連詞。句意：句意：再一次你可能發(fā)現(xiàn)英語單詞“中國(guó)制造”，“日本制造”，或甚至是“德國(guó)制造”?；蛘撸簅r，故選C。（6）考查動(dòng)詞。句意：英語在那些國(guó)家都不是第一語言。缺少系動(dòng)詞，表達(dá)“是”要用be，主語是English，故選D。（7）考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：為什么這些英語字“制造”被寫在這些東西上？words和write是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，be+過去分詞，故選C。（8）考查表語從句。句意：它是因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)代世界里，英語被廣泛地應(yīng)用于不同國(guó)家之間的商業(yè)中?；卮鹎懊娴腤hy問句，要用because回答。故選B。（9）考查副詞。句意：它是因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)代世界里，英語被廣泛地應(yīng)用于不同國(guó)家之間的商業(yè)中。廣泛地：widely,副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，故選C。（10）考查形容詞。句意：首為重要的是，如果你學(xué)甚至是一點(diǎn)英語，在你畢業(yè)之后你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)它是有用的。alittle:一點(diǎn)，不是不可數(shù)名詞，little：幾乎沒有，few,afew修飾可數(shù)名詞，故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】此題考查詞匯短語句式等在語境中的運(yùn)用，首先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后根據(jù)語境、語法、上下文、邏輯推理斟酌字句選出正確答案，最后通讀全文，確保通順、完整。二、閱讀理解6．閱讀理解

Thesedayshaze（霧霾）isaroundushereandthere.Infact,everyonehasthepowertochangetheirlivinghabitstohelpreduceit.Manylocalgovernmentscallontheirpeopletotakeactiontomaketheaircleaner.

Transportisoneofthebiggestcontributors（促成物）tohaze.When,where,bow,whyandwhatyoudriveallaffectairquality.Whenonedrivestoworkforoneyear,heusesasmuchenergyasabusriderusesin10years.Sowalkorrideyourbicycletoworkorschoolwheneverpossible.Ifitisnecessary,youcanusepublictransportinsteadofyourcar.Eachpersonusingpublictransportforayearinsteadofacarcansavenearlyatonneofpollutants,includingCO2,fromgoingintotheatmosphere.

Carpoolingisanotherwaytoreducecarbonemissions（排放）.Carpoolingisthesharingofcarjourneyssothatmorethanonepersontravelsinacar.Itimmediatelyreducesyourcar'semissionsbyhalf.

Whatyoudoinsideyourlivingspacecanhaveabigeffectontheairqualityoutsideit.Youcandoalotofthingsinsideandaroundyourhomethatwillhelpyoupollutelessandsavesomemoney.

Alargeamountofourenergysupplycomesfromburningcoal,anothercontributortohaze.Bycuttingdownyourelectricityuse,youarecuttingdownonhaze.Soyoumaytrytoreduceyouruseofelectricitybyturningofflights,usingyourairconditionerwiselyduringthesummermonths,orupdatingsomeofyourelectricalappliancestolow-energymodels.Forexample,youcanuseenergy-savinglampsthatrequirelessenergyandlast10timeslongerthancommonbulbs.（1）Whichdoesthewriterthinkshouldplayanimportantroleinreducinghaze?A.

Citycleaners.

B.

Hazeproducers.

C.

Localgovernments.

D.

Commonpeople.（2）Wecaninfer（推斷）fromthepassagethatthewriterthinks

.A.

carscanbeusedonlywhenpeoplehavetoB.

carsshouldbegivenupassoonaspossibleC.

carsmustbeimprovedtoreduceairpollutionD.

carsmaycausethemostseriouspollutionofall（3）Weshouldreducetheuseofelectricitymainlybecause

.A.

wecansavealotofmoneybyusinglessenergyB.

coalisnowbecomingrarerandrareronourplanetC.

harmfulthingscomeoutwhileelectricityisproducedD.

electricalappliancessendoutsomethingharmfultoourair（4）Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.

WhatAreCausingHazeAroundUs

B.

WhatYouCanDotoReduceHazeC.

HowDangerousHazeIstoOurLife

D.

HowImportantItIstoReduceHaze【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】文章大意：文章主要介紹了幾種減少霧霾的方法，第一種為盡量使用公共交通工具外出，第二種為盡量拼車出行，第三種為減少電力的使用。（1）細(xì)節(jié)題。結(jié)合第一段第二句Infact,everyonehasthepowertochangetheirlivinghabitstohelpreduceit.可知，每個(gè)人都有能力通過改變自己的生活習(xí)慣來減少霧霾。因此，作者認(rèn)為在減少霧霾上，普通人應(yīng)該發(fā)揮重要作用，故選D。（2）推斷題。由第二段Sowalkorrideyourbicycletoworkorschoolwheneverpossible.Ifitisnecessary,youcanusepublictransportinsteadofyourcar.可知，盡可能步行或騎自行車，必要時(shí)乘坐公共交通工具也不要開車。因此作者認(rèn)為僅當(dāng)不得已的時(shí)候才應(yīng)該才去開車，故選A。（3）細(xì)節(jié)題。結(jié)合第五段第一句Alargeamountofourenergysupplycomesfromburningcoal,anothercontributortohaze.可知，發(fā)電時(shí)，我們需要燒煤等，而這會(huì)釋放出有害物質(zhì)，進(jìn)而污染空氣。C項(xiàng)意為“當(dāng)生產(chǎn)電力時(shí)會(huì)釋放有害物質(zhì)”，符合題意，故選C。（4）主旨題。通讀全文，文章主要介紹了幾種減少霧霾的方法，第一種為盡量使用公共交通工具外出，第二種為盡量拼車出行，第三種為減少電力的使用。故文章主旨在于普通人可以做些什么、采取什么措施來減少霧霾，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解能力，首先通讀全文，掌握大意，然后根據(jù)問題在文章中找到依據(jù)，選出正確答案，注意閱讀方法的運(yùn)用。7．閱讀理解

Whenhismumfainted（昏厥）andknockedherselfout,unconscious,fouryearoldHenryDaviesknewjustwhattodo—thankstoastorybook.

Hecalmlydialled999andtoldtheemergencyserviceshowtogettohishomeandthenphonedhisfather.

TheboytoldthedoctorswhathadhappenedanddirectedthemtothehouseinCoundon,Coventry,andevenofferedthedoctorsadrink

Whentheyarrived.Henryalsoofferedtolookafterhis12—montholdbrotherNoah.

Hisfather,Iran,35,said,"Chloehasbeenunwellwithahighfeverwhichhasmadeherfeelquitepoorly.Ileftforworkearlyatabout7:30amandasshegotupafterIleftshefeltquitedizzyandfaint.ThenextthingsheremembersisfaintingdownonthefloorandhearingHenrytalkingtosomeone.Hehadseenherfallandhitherheadonthetable,buthecouldn'twakeherup.Sohepickedupthephoneanddialled999foranambulance."

Chloesaid,"Henryhasastorybook,AmbulanceCrew,onwhattodoinanemergency,whichwe'vereadafewtimes.Heevenputablanketoverme.Theambulancecrewwereamazed.We'reveryproudofhim."（1）HowoldwasHenry?A.

1.

B.

2.

C.

3.

D.

4.（2）WhatwasthematterwithHenry'smother?A.

Shefaintedonthefloor.

B.

Shewasshotbyagun.C.

Shewasbadlyill.

D.

Shewashurtbadly.（3）HowdidHenryknowtheknowledgeofsavinghismother?A.

BywatchingTV.

B.

Byreadingabook.

C.

Histeachertaughthim.

D.

ByWeChat.（4）Theunderlinedwords"emergencyservices"mean"_________"inChinese.A.

緊急應(yīng)變機(jī)構(gòu)

B.

突發(fā)事件

C.

急診室

D.

醫(yī)療（5）WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?A.

Thereare4peopleinHenry'sfamily.

B.

Henrypreparedadrinkforthedoctors.C.

Henry'sfatherisveryproudofHenry.

D.

Hisfatheris29yearsold.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）B（4）A（5）D【解析】【分析】本文介紹了Henry憑借《救護(hù)人員》書上的內(nèi)容，救了他的媽媽。（1）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)

fouryearoldHenryDavies...可知，Henry4歲了，故選D。（2）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Thenextthingsheremembersisfaintingdownonthefloor

可知，亨利的母親暈倒在地板上，故選A。（3）推理題。根據(jù)Henryhasastorybook,AmbulanceCrew,onwhattodoinanemergency亨利有一本故事書《救護(hù)人員》,講述在緊急情況下該怎么做可知，

Henry是通過讀書知道救他母親的知識(shí)，故選B。（4）詞義辨析題。根據(jù)Hecalmlydialled999他平靜地?fù)艽蛄?99

，可知999是個(gè)緊急應(yīng)變機(jī)構(gòu)，故emergencyservices是緊急應(yīng)變機(jī)構(gòu)的意思，故選A。（5）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)

Hisfather,Iran,35，可知他的父親29歲是錯(cuò)的，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題，詞義猜測(cè)題和主旨題四種?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息，詞義猜測(cè)題需要根據(jù)上下文提煉相關(guān)信息鎖定詞意，主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。8．閱讀理解

Agentlemanonceadvertised（登廣告）foraboytohelphiminhisoffice,andnearlyfiftypersonsaskedfortheplace.Outofthewholenumberhechoseoneinashorttime,andsentalltheotherboysaway.

"Iwouldliketoknow,"saidafriend,"onwhatgroundyouchosethatboy.Hedidn'tevenhavearecommendation（推薦信）withhim."

"Youaremistaken,"saidthegentleman,"hehadagreatmany."

"Hemadehisshoescleanwhenhecamein,andclosedthedoorafterhim,showingthathewasorderly（井然有序的）."

"Hegavehisseattothedisabledoldman,showingthathewas."

"Hetookoffhiscapwhenhecamein.andansweredmyquestionsquicklyandrespectfully（恭敬地）,showingthathewaspolite."

"HeliftedupthebookwhichIhadpurposely（故意地）laidonthefloor,andputitonthetable,whilealltheotherssteppedoveritorpusheditaside,showingthathewascareful."

"Andhewaitedquietlyforhisturn,insteadofpushingtheothersaside,showingthathewasmodest（謙遜的）."

"WhenItalkedwithhim,Inoticedthathisclotheswerecarefullybrushed,hishairinniceorder,andhisteethaswhiteasmilk.Whenhewrotehisname,Inoticedthathisfingernailswereclean,insteadofhavingsomeuntidypersonalhabits."

"Don'tyoucallthesethingslettersofrecommendation?Ido,andthethingsthatIcandiscoveraboutaboybyusingmyeyesfortenminutes,areworthmorethanallthefinelettersthathecanbring."（1）ChoosetheRIGHTwordtocompletethesentenceinParagraph5accordingtothecontext（上下文）.A.

kind

B.

smart

C.

lovely

D.

healthy（2）Howdidthegentlemanknowtheboywaspolite?A.

Hemadehisshoescleanwhenhecamein.B.

Hetookoffhiscapwhenhecamein.C.

Hewaitedquietlyforhisturn.D.

Histeethandfingernailswereclean.（3）Thegentlemanlaidthebookonthefloorbecause.A.

heusedtobelikethisB.

hewantedtoknowwhowasorderlyC.

hetriedtoknowwhohadtidypersonalhabitsD.

hewantedtotestthepeoplewhoaskedforthejob（4）Whatcanyoulearnfromthispassage?A.

Thegentlemanwasafoolishman.B.

Allgentlemencanchoosetherightpersonbyusingtheireyes.C.

Goodbehavior（行為）andgoodhabitsareimportanttoaperson.D.

Oneshouldpaymoreattentiontohisrecommendationthantohisbehavior.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文講述的是一個(gè)男孩找工作，在眾多的求職者中脫穎而出，這是因?yàn)樗兄己玫男袨榱?xí)慣和良好的品質(zhì)。（1）詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上一句Hegavehisseattothedisabledoldman他把座位讓給了那位殘疾老人，可知他是一個(gè)善良的人，故選A。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Hetookoffhiscapwhenhecamein，andansweredmyquestionsquicklyandrespectfully；showingthathewaspolite可知，男孩進(jìn)來時(shí)脫下帽子，很快地恭敬地回答了我的問題。所以顯示出他很有禮貌，故選B。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HeliftedupthebookwhichIhadpurposely（故意地）laidonthefloor,andputitonthetable,whilealltheotherssteppedoveritorpusheditaside；showingthathewascareful可知，把書放在地上的原因是要測(cè)試找工作的人們是否撿起來，故選D。（4）理解推斷題。根據(jù)andthethingsthatIcandiscoveraboybyusingmyeyesfortenminutes,isworthmorethanallthefinelettersthathecanbring.可知從文章中我們可以了解到一個(gè)人的良好的行為習(xí)慣和良好的品質(zhì)是重要的，故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文考查細(xì)節(jié)題，詞義推斷題和推理判斷題等?？碱}型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中抓住關(guān)鍵詞尋找答案；詞義推斷題以及判斷題都需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出正確選項(xiàng)。9．閱讀理解

WhenCarsonPalmer,aprofessionalAmericanfootballplayer,hurthisarmafewyearsago,hetookaweekofftostopthrowingthefootball.Butinhishead,Palmerpracticedeveryday.Thefollowingweekend,Palmerhadthebestgameofhislife.

Formorethanacentury,scientistshavebeentryingtounderstandhowthismentaltrainingworks.Inthe1930s,researchersprovedbyexperimentthatwhenyou'reimagininganaction,yourbrainsendssignalstoyourmuscleswhicharetooweaktotightenthemusclesbutmighthelptrainthebodytoperform.Inotherwords,mentalpracticemightcreateaplaninyourhead,likeahow-toguideforaspecialskill.

Sportsresearchershavedonehundredsofstudiescomparingimaginedandphysicalpracticeforactions.Inshort,thestudiesshowthatmentaltrainingworks.A2012studycompared32nonprofessionalgolferswithanother32whoonlyimaginedtheiraction.Underthesametrainingprogram,bothgroupsimprovedtheirskills.

Imaginationhasadvantagesovertherealthing:Youcandoitanywhereandanytime.Itissafe---amainadvantageforpeoplesuchasgymnastsanddoctors.Andyoucanpracticeforlongerperiodsoftimebecauseyou'renotcontrolledbyphysicaltiredness.That'snottosayit'seasy."we'vehadOlympic-levelsportsmensittinginourlaboratory,imaginingfortwohours,"saysTadhgMacintyre,asportsresearcherinIreland."Whenwe'redone,they'recompletelytired."

Itdoesn'tworkforeveryone,though."Ifyou'reabeginner,theinfluencecanbeharmful,"warnsMacintyre.Ifyou'retryingtoimagineafreethrow,andyoudon'tevenknowthepropermovement,thenyou'reprobablygoingtomentallypracticethewrongskill,andyourskillisgoingtobeimpaired."（1）Howdoesmentaltrainingactonone'sphysicalpractice?A.

Takingaweekofffrombeingtired.B.

Performingtheactionbeforeimagining.C.

Usingimaginationtoguideone'sbody.D.

Buyingahow-toguidebeforementaltraining（2）Whatdoweknowaboutimaginationtraining?A.

Itisnotinfluencedbytimeandspace.B.

Itiseasiertodothanrealpractice.C.

Itismoreusefulforgolfers.D.

Itisfitforeveryone.（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"impaired"inPara.5mean?A.

weakened

B.

mastered

C.

tested

D.

improved（4）Whatcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.

ANewWayofDoingSportsB.

AdvantagesofImaginationC.

MethodsforMentalPracticeD.

MentalTrainingMakesYoubetter？【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）A（4）D【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文主要介紹了心理訓(xùn)練與體育實(shí)踐的關(guān)系，從而說明了心理訓(xùn)練會(huì)使你更好。（1）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段......whenyou'reimagininganaction,yourbrainsendssignalstoyourmuscleswhicharetooweaktotightenthemusclesbutmighthelptrainthebodytoperform.Inotherwords,mentalpracticemightcreateaplaninyourhead,likeahow-toguideforaspecialskill.可知心理的訓(xùn)練可能在頭腦中產(chǎn)生一個(gè)計(jì)劃，指導(dǎo)你的技能，故選C。（2）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Imagination