山東省名校聯(lián)盟2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期2月開(kāi)學(xué)聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

山東名校考試聯(lián)盟2025年2月高三開(kāi)學(xué)聯(lián)考英語(yǔ)試題滿(mǎn)分150分考試用時(shí)120分鐘注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)等填寫(xiě)在答題卡和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將答題卡交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分)該部分分為第一、第二兩節(jié)。注意：回答聽(tīng)力部分時(shí)，請(qǐng)先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。聽(tīng)力部分結(jié)束前，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將你的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)。每段對(duì)話(huà)后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、Ｃ三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話(huà)后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話(huà)僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whoadvisedthewomantobeav-logger?A.Heruncle. B.Hersister. C.Herparents.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Whatmadeyouwanttobeav-logger?W:Well,IlearnedphotographywithmyUncleSmith.AfterIwonseveralawards,mysistersaidtome,“whynotteachanyoneelsetodoit?”.Withmyparents’support,Istartedtopostteachingvideoonline.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whenwillthemantakehisdrivingtest?A.Intwodays. B.Infivedays. C.Insevendays.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:Oh,God!TodayisMarch8th.I’lltakemydrivingtestonMarch10th.Ihaveonlytwodaystoprepare.W:Areyousure?Mybirthdayistomorrow,onMarch6th.I’minvitingsomeoffriends.M:Oh,yes!Imadeamistake.HowfoolishIam!3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whydocsthewomanfeelhardtoconcentrateinclass?A.Shesufferslackofsleep.B.Shefailedthemathexam.C.Sheistroubledbynoises.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:What’sup,Lucy?Youaresoupset.Didyoufailthemathexamagain?W:No.Ican’tconcentrateonmystudyinclass.M:Why?Areyousickorjustlackinginsleeping?W:Theconstructionofthecitysubwayisgoingonjustbesidemyclassroom.Theroaringmachine,thewhistlingtrucks,tonamebutafew.4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Whichdressdoesthewomandecidetowear?A.Theredone. B.Theblackone. C.Thewhiteone.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Mike,I’mgoingtoattendacocktailpartyinmycompanytonight.WhateveningdressdoyousuggestIwear?M:Thereisalongblackone,dottedwithwhitestars.Ithinkitcanhighlightyourfigure.Perhapsthedeepredonematchesyournecklacebetter.ButIpreferthewhitedressIboughtyoulastyear.W:I’lltakethesecondone.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Athome. B.Onastreet. C.Inastadium.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:What’sthetimenow?W:Fifteenminutestoeight.Thegalaisgoingtostart.Theaudiencesarecrowdedwiththestadium.ThousandsoffansarewaitinginfrontoftheTVathome.M:Putawayyourphone.Herecomesthetaxi.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，分22.5分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話(huà)或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】6.What’sthewomandoing?A.Plantingatree. B.Helpingabird. C.Doinghaircare.7.Whoistheman?A.Thewoman’sfather. B.Thewoman’sfriend. C.Thewoman’steacher.【答案】6.B7.A【解析】【原文】M:Oh,mygoodness.DidIcatchthat?W:Whereisit,dad?M:It’sonyourhair,Lily.Oh,letmetake...takealook.W:OK.I’llkeepthispostureandstandstill.M:Letmeputawaymycamera.Now...it’sonmypalm.We’dbetterputitbackonthetreethere.Willyoudoit?W:Mypleasure.M:Yes.Sitituponthatbranch...Putithigherupthetree.W:AmIright?M:En...Seekastrongerbranch,honey.Themotherisrightthere,waitingtogiveitsbirdfood...Ohyes,justrightthere.Youreallydiditverywell.I’mproudofyourkindness.Soisyourmum.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】8.Whataretheytalkingabout?A.Arobot. B.Aproject. C.Anaccident.9.Whathappenedtothemachine?A.Itidentifiedboxesaccurately.B.Itfailedtorecognizehumans.C.Itgotawronghuman’sorder.10.What’sthewoman’sattitudetowardsAI?A.Opposed. B.Favorable. C.Concerned.【答案】8.C9.B10.C【解析】【原文】W:Haveyouheardthatnews?Anindustrialrobotcrushedaworkertodeathatavegetableprocessingcenter.M:Yes.It’sreportedthatamaleworkersufferedheadandchestinjuries.W:Howdidthathappen?Isn’titanartificialintelligencepoweredrobot?M:Well,themachine’ssensorsaredesignedtoidentifyboxes.Thesecurityvideosuggestedthatthemanhadmovedneartherobotwithaboxinhishandsandthiscouldhavecausedthemachine’sreaction.W:Oh,myGod.Ihopewehaven’topenedaPandora’sboxastheAIcontinuestodevelop.M:Youcanputthiscaseinyourprojectreport.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】11.What’safunctionofwholeleavesontheground?A.Purifyingthesoil.B.Preservingtheground.C.Shelteringtheinsects.12.Whyshouldtheleavesonwalkwaysberemoved?A.Topreventpotentialinjury.B.Tokeeptheroadclean.C.Tosavesomemoney.13.HowdoesthefallenleavesofBlackWalnutaffectpotatoes?A.Theyreleasepoison.B.Theyoffernutrition.C.Theyattractinsects.【答案】11.C12.A13.A【解析】【原文】W:Look.Thegroundiscoveredbyleaves.Shallwegatherthem?M:Well,we’dbetterleaveleavesontheground.Theywillnaturallybreakdownoverthewinterintorichorganicmatter.Thematteralsosheltersmanyinsects.W:Amazing!It’sgoodforplants,environmentandsavingmoney.M:Butit’simportanttoconsiderthetypesofleavesandwherethey’relanding.W:Really?Canyouexplainmore?M:Wholeleavesshouldnotbepermittedtoremainonwalkwayswheretheycouldmakethepathdangerouslyslippery.W:Right.Anythingmore?M:Theyshouldalsonotbeleftongrasslawns.Althoughsomegrassescanhandleasmallamountofleafwaste,toomuchcanthreatentheirhealth.Wholeleavesthatcovergrassesblockwaterandsunlightfromreachingthesoilbelow.W:Isee.M:Someleavespreventthegrowthofotherplants.BlackWalnut,forexample,containsapoisoninitsleavesthatkillsmanyplants,includingapples,tomatoes,andpotatoes.W:Thanks.I’llcleanthewholeleavesontheyardpathbeforegrandmagoesoutforshopping.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】14.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Onthephone. B.OntheInternet. C.Inaoffice.15.WhatisMrSmithdoingnow?A.Givingasalesreport.B.Attendingameeting.C.Consultingaboutajob.16.Howmuchcanthemanearnforaday’swork?A.$10.5. B.$73.5. C.$94.517.Whatcanweknowaboutthepost?A.Itfeaturesanhour’slunchbreakeveryday.B.Itallowsflexibilityforworkatweekends.C.Itprovidesstaffdaysofpaidsickleave.【答案】14.C15.B16.C17.B【解析】【原文】W:Comeinandhaveaseatplease.M:Oh,thanks.Ireadyouradvertisementonthewebsite.AndImadeanappointmentonlinewithyourHumanResourcesmanager,Mr.Smith.W:Letmesee...Yes,you’reMr.Click.Right?M:Yes.I’mheretoconfirmsomeinformation.W:Noproblem.Butoneofoursalesrepresentativesisgivingarun-downonourmostrecentsalesfigures.Thiswillbeimportantforcompany`snear-termfuture.Everydepartmentmanagershouldbethere.SoMr.Smithisnotavailablenow.ButIcangiveyourelevantdetailsifyoulike.M:Yes,please.Thereisapostinthemarketingdepartment.AndI’mgoodatmarketingcampaigndesign.W:Right.YourCVaremoreconvincingthanotherapplicants’.M:Whataremyhoursofwork?W:From8:30amto5:30pmaday.Thereisahalf-hourlunchbreak.Butyoucangetonedayoffeveryweek.And,youcanchoosetoworkfromhomeatweekends.M:Howaboutthesalary?W:Youget$10.5anhour.Butwhetheryoutakeapersonaldayofforasickdayoffatweekdays,thebosswillreducesomeofyourallowance.M:Thankyousomuch.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請(qǐng)去附件查看】18.Whichyearmaybethehottestsofaraccordingtothereport?A.Thisyear.B.Lastyear.C.Theyearbeforelastyear.19.Whatharmmaybecausedbythehottertemperature?A.Animals’foodchainschange.B.Oceansgiveheatbacktoair.C.Coastalplaceslessengreatly.20.Whatarescientistsconfusedaboutthisyear?A.Thedecreaseofseaice.B.Thedelayedcooling.C.Themoreairheat.【答案】18.A19.A20.B【解析】【原文】M:AreportfromaEuropeanclimateserviceshowsthatNovemberwasverywarm.ItwasthesecondwarmestNovembertheyhaveonrecord.Thismakesitlikelythat2024willbesaidtobethehottestyearthey'vemeasured.Lastyearwasthehottestbefore.Butafterthissummer,scientiststhought2024wouldbeevenhotter.AfterthisOctober,theworld'saveragetemperaturewas14.10degrees.UptoDecemberthisyear,it's0.14degreeshigherthanthesametimelastyear.AclimateexpertsaidNovemberwasmuchhotterthanpastNovembers.Healsoaddedthatitwasbadforpeopleandnature.Animalsmightdieandfoodchainsmightchange.Coastalplacesmighthavetroublebecauseofrisingseas.Somescientistssaidoceanheatandlessseaicemadethetemperaturegoup.TheamountofAntarcticSeaiceinNovemberwaslow.Oceanstakeinalotofheatfromgasesandgiveitback.LastyearwashotbecauseofaPacificwarming.Butthisyear,theusualcoolingafteritdidn'thappen.Scientistsareconfusedaboutwhyit'sstillhot.Oneideaisthatthewarmingmakesmoreheatintheair.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheEiffelTowerwelcomesmorethan7millionvisitorsayear,Visitorswillbedividedintotwogroups;thoseheadingtothetop(byelevator)andthosestoppingafterthesecond-floorclimb.Ourticketstotourthetower’stwolevelscanbepurchasedonlineuptotwomonthsinadvance,buttheyalwaysselloutquickly.However,sincemanytouroperatorsgetadvanceaccesstotickets,youcanoftenbookevenearlier,orpossiblyscorealast-minutetriptothetower.Everyoneinthegroupcantakethefirstpartoftheclimbattheirownpace,afterwhichtheywillbegiven15minutestocatchtheirbreathandexplorethefirstflooroftheEiffelTowerattheir1leisurebeforegatheringforanarrated(有講解的)tourup.Touriststhenproceedtothesecondfloorforthenarratedportionofthetouronthesecondfloor.Thetourconcludesthere,wheretouristsarefreetoaskquestionsorexplorebeforeleavingontheirown.Theguideforthesecond-floorclimbisenergeticandexcitedtosharehisknowledgeoftheEiffelTower,andhehasanalbumofhistoricphotostobackuphiscommentary.Theguidegivesvisitorsenoughfreetimetoexploreindependentlyfromthegroup.Yourtourticketallowsyoutostayatthetoweraslongasyouplease,soplantostickaroundafterthetourendstoexploretheshops,restaurants,andviewpointsonthefirstandsecondfloors.Thereisanupgradedticketoptionthatallowsyoutotakeanelevatortothetoplevel;thisticketwillcostextra.21.WhichwaycanbestensureanEiffelTowervisit?A.Buytickets2monthsearlier. B.Askhelpfromtouroperators.C.Bookatthelastminute. D.Waitforon-sitetickets.22.WhatcanweknowaboutthenarratedtourontheEiffelTower?A.Itcostsvisitorsextramoney. B.Itbeginsfromthe2ndfloor.C.Itreliesonahistoricalbum. D.Itlasts15minutesatleast.23.Whatcanvisitorsdoonthesecondfloor?A.Takeafreeridetothetopfloor. B.Catchabird’s-eyeviewofParis.C.Enjoyapleasanttowermeal. D.Haveaone-nighthotelstay.【答案】21.B22.B23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文文體為說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了參觀埃菲爾鐵塔的相關(guān)信息，包括購(gòu)票方式、參觀流程、導(dǎo)游服務(wù)以及票務(wù)選項(xiàng)等?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ourticketstotourthetower’stwolevelscanbepurchasedonlineuptotwomonthsinadvance,buttheyalwaysselloutquickly.However,sincemanytouroperatorsgetadvanceaccesstotickets,youcanoftenbookevenearlier,orpossiblyscorealast-minutetriptothetower.(我們的雙層游覽票最多可以提前兩個(gè)月在線(xiàn)購(gòu)買(mǎi)，但總是很快售罄。不過(guò)，由于許多旅行社可以提前獲得門(mén)票，您通?？梢愿绲仡A(yù)訂，或者有可能在最后一刻搶到游塔的機(jī)會(huì))”可知，游客可以向旅行社尋求幫助，能保證參觀埃菲爾鐵塔。故選B項(xiàng)。22題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Everyoneinthegroupcantakethefirstpartoftheclimbattheirownpace,afterwhichtheywillbegiven15minutestocatchtheirbreathandexplorethefirstflooroftheEiffelTowerattheir1leisurebeforegatheringforanarrated(有講解的)tourup.(小組中的每個(gè)人都可以按照自己的節(jié)奏完成第一段攀登，之后將有15分鐘的時(shí)間休息，并悠閑地探索埃菲爾鐵塔的第一層。隨后，大家將集合參加有講解的向上游覽)”可推知，菲爾鐵塔的講解之旅從2樓開(kāi)始。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Yourtourticketallowsyoutostayatthetoweraslongasyouplease,soplantostickaroundafterthetourendstoexploretheshops,restaurants,andviewpointsonthefirstandsecondfloors.(你的旅游票允許你在塔上呆多久就呆多久，所以計(jì)劃在游覽結(jié)束后留下來(lái)，探索一層和二層的商店、餐館和觀景點(diǎn))”可推知，游客在二樓可以享受一頓愉快的塔餐。故選C項(xiàng)。BInhernewchildren’sbookNoMoreMimi.MegMedinarecalledherbelovedbabysitterMiuut.Shewasawonderfulbabysitterbutkindofapainintheneck,aswell-Medinasaysyoucouldlookatthethingsonhercoffeetable,butyoudefinitelycouldn’ttouchthem.“Shefeltthiswasaveryimportantskill,”shesays.“Weusedtostandatthattableandshe'dhaveuspractice,likeputtingourhandsbehindourback,andyoucouldlean(傾斜)forwardandlookatalltheprettythings.”WhenMedinawasfiveyearsold,hergrandmothercametotakecareofher.Shestartedoutsuperexcitedthathergrandmotherwascoming.“IbetgrandmawillletmeplaywheneverIwant,”MedinatoldMimiexcitedlyandshesharedthisnewswithherteacheruntilsherealizedthatanewbabysittermeantnomoreMimi.BrittanyCicchese,theillustratorofthebook,paintedthismomentwithhersoftstyle-Medinasatunderthetableandcurledupwithablanket,whisperingsadlytoherdog,“NomoreMimi.”Luckily,Mimiwentexactlynowhere.ShebecamefriendswithMedina’sgrandmother,andthey’doftendrinkcoffeetogether.“Shelovedus,”saysMedina.Mimistayedapartofherlifeforever.“Iholdaspaceforherinmyheart,”shesays.“MimiisnotburiedveryfarfrommyrealgrandmotherinFlushing,Queens”.Shewrotethischildren’sbookinherhonor.Somanypeopleraisekids.Thereareourparents,ofcourse,butalsoelderbrothersandsisters,teachers,cousins,librarians,andneighbors.It’seasytoforgetjusthowmapeoplehavearoleinhelpingraiseus.“Itfeelsgoodtoknowthatthere’sthisstoryforkidsrightnow,butthatthere’sapieceofthisstorythat’salsoaboutrememberingthesewonderfulwomenwhohelpedraiseus,”saysMedina.“Itfeelslikewe’repayingthemhonor.Youknow,we’rejusthonoringtheirmemory.”24.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“apainintheneck”inparagraph1mean?A.Annoying. B.Painful. C.Dangerous. D.Impatient.25.WhatcanwelearnfromBrittanyCicchese’sdescription?A.MedinawasdeeplyattachedtoMimi.B.Mimifinallyfinishedherjobandleft.C.MimiregrettedtakingcareofMedina.D.Medinacamedownwithaseverecold.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesMimi?A.Gratefulandlively. B.Humorousandshy.C.Kindandcurious. D.Strictandcaring.27.Whatisthepurposeoftheauthorinwritingthebook?A.Tosharestoriesofababysitter.B.Toobtainanameinhercareer.C.Toproposelifeadviceforkids.D.Toappreciateothers'kindness.【答案】24.A25.A26.D27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章介紹了一本書(shū)中的故事，講述了MegMedina與她深?lèi)?ài)的保姆Miuut之間的故事。【24題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)后文“aswell-Medinasaysyoucouldlookatthethingsonhercoffeetable,butyoudefinitelycouldn’ttouchthem.(Medina說(shuō)，你可以看她咖啡桌上的東西，但絕對(duì)不能碰它們)”可知，Miuut總是只讓Medina看咖啡桌上的東西，但絕對(duì)不能碰它們，所以Medina應(yīng)是覺(jué)得她有點(diǎn)讓人討厭，所以apainintheneck應(yīng)是“讓人討厭”之意，和A項(xiàng)意思相近。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“BrittanyCicchese,theillustratorofthebook,paintedthismomentwithhersoftstyle—Medinasatunderthetableandcurledupwithablanket,whisperingsadlytoherdog,“NomoreMimi”.”(這本書(shū)的插畫(huà)家BrittanyCicchese用她柔和的風(fēng)格描繪了這一刻——Medina坐在桌子底下，用毯子蜷縮起來(lái)，悲傷地對(duì)她的狗說(shuō)：“不再有Mimi了。”)”可知，Medina對(duì)Mimi的離去，充滿(mǎn)不舍，所以Medina深深地愛(ài)著Mimi。故選A項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Shewasawonderfulbabysitterbutkindofapainintheneck,aswell-Medinasaysyoucouldlookatthethingsonhercoffeetable,butyoudefinitelycouldn’ttouchthem.“Shefeltthiswasaveryimportantskill,”shesays.“Weusedtostandatthattableandshe'dhaveuspractice,likeputtingourhandsbehindourback,andyoucouldlean(傾斜)forwardandlookatalltheprettythings.”(她是個(gè)很棒的保姆，但也有點(diǎn)讓人討厭。Medina說(shuō)，你可以看她咖啡桌上的東西，但絕對(duì)不能碰它們?！八X(jué)得這是一項(xiàng)非常重要的技能，”她說(shuō)?！拔覀冞^(guò)去常常站在那張桌子旁，她會(huì)讓我們練習(xí)，比如把我們的手放在背后，你可以向前傾，看著所有漂亮的東西?！?”可知，Miuut為鍛煉Medina技能是嚴(yán)格的，根據(jù)第三段“Luckily,Mimiwentexactlynowhere.ShebecamefriendswithMedina’sgrandmother,andthey’doftendrinkcoffeetogether.“Shelovedus,”saysMedina.Mimistayedapartofherlifeforever.“Iholdaspaceforherinmyheart,”shesays.(幸運(yùn)的是，Mimi哪兒也沒(méi)去。她和Medina的祖母成了朋友，她們經(jīng)常一起喝咖啡?！八龕?ài)我們，”Medina說(shuō)。Mimi永遠(yuǎn)是她生活的一部分。“我在心里為她留了一個(gè)位置，”她說(shuō))”可知，Miuut關(guān)心Medina。故選D項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Itfeelsgoodtoknowthatthere’sthisstoryforkidsrightnow,butthatthere’sapieceofthisstorythat’salsoaboutrememberingthesewonderfulwomenwhohelpedraiseus,”saysMedina.“Itfeelslikewe’repayingthemhonor.Youknow,we’rejusthonoringtheirmemory.”(Medina說(shuō)：“知道現(xiàn)在有孩子們的故事感覺(jué)很好，但這個(gè)故事的一部分也是關(guān)于記住這些幫助培養(yǎng)我們的優(yōu)秀女性的?！薄案杏X(jué)就像我們?cè)谙蛩麄冎戮础Ｄ阒?，我們只是在紀(jì)念他們?！?”可推知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是為孩子們提供人生建議，建議他們記住幫助培養(yǎng)他們的優(yōu)秀女性。故選C項(xiàng)。COvertime,deathsfromcoldtemperatureshaveincreasedintheUnitedStates.From1999to2022,thecountry’sage-adjusted,cold-relateddeathraterosefromabout4per1millionpeopleto9,asaresearchhasfound.Thesearedeathsforwhichexposuretothecoldwasthemaincauseorwasacontributor.Amongdifferentagegroups,theoldesthadthehighestcold-relateddeathrate.Olderpeoplearemoreintoleranttothecoldinpartbecauseit’sharderfortheirbodiestogenerateheatandstaywarm.Therewasalsoahigherburdenofcold-relateddeathsinsomeracialandethnicgroupsin2022.AmongAmericanIndianorAlaskaNativepeople,thedeathratewas63per1millionpeople.ForBlackpeople,theratewas15perlmillion.Risksfromstructuralfactorslikealackofheatareexperiencedbyracialandethnicminoritygroups.Forexample,2percentofU.S.households,onaverage,haveinsufficientheat,butthatrisesto12percentforAmericanIndianandAlaskaNativepeopleintribal(部落的)areas,whogenerallybelongtolow-incomegroups,accordingtoareport.AndresearchhasfoundthatBlackpeoplearemorelikelytoliveinolderhomeswithinefficientheatingsystems.Exposuretoovermuchcoldcanleadtohypothermia(體溫過(guò)低),whenaperson’scoretemperaturefallsbelow35degreesCelsiusbecausethebodycan’tproduceheatquicklyenoughtomakeupforitsloss.Duringhypothermia,whichisamedicalemergency,thecardiovascular(心血管的)systemscan’tfunctionproperly.Theresearchwasnotdesignedtodeterminewhythecold-relateddeathratehasrisen.Theauthorsproposesomefactorstoinvestigate,includingwhethertherearetiestotheincreasingnumberofpeopleexperiencinghomelessnessintheUnitedsintheUnitedStates—amajorriskfactorforexposuretodangerouscold—ortomorefrequentepisodesofseverewinterweather.28.Whatarethosefiguresinparagraph1introducedfor?A.Makingcomparison. B.Soundingawarning.C.Introducingatopic. D.Evidencingapoint.29.Whatmaycausehighercold-relateddeathratesofracialandethnicminoritygroups?A.Theirphysicalqualities. B.Theirfinancialconditions.C.Theworsetemperatures. D.Theregionaldifferences.30.WhatisParagraph4ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Howtheworsecolddoesharmtobodies.B.Whythecold-relateddeathratehasrisen.C.Howamedicalemergencycanbeavoided.D.Whythebodysystemsfunctionimproperly.31.Whereisthetextmostprobablytakenfrom?A.Anewsbrief. B.Abookreview.C.Ahealthcaremagazine. D.Aclimateresearchpaper.【答案】28.D29.B30.A31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要講述一項(xiàng)關(guān)于美國(guó)因感冒死亡的人數(shù)有所增加的研究并解釋了背后的原因。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Overtime,deathsfromcoldtemperatureshaveincreasedintheUnitedStates.From1999to2022,thecountry’sage-adjusted,cold-relateddeathraterosefromabout4per1millionpeopleto9,asaresearchhasfound.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，美國(guó)因感冒死亡的人數(shù)有所增加。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，從1999年到2022年，該國(guó)經(jīng)年齡調(diào)整的與感冒相關(guān)的死亡率從每100萬(wàn)人中約4人上升到9人)”可知，文章開(kāi)頭指出美國(guó)因感冒死亡的人數(shù)有所增加，接著用一項(xiàng)研究的數(shù)據(jù)加以證實(shí)，故第一段提到這些數(shù)據(jù)是為了證明一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，故選D。【29題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Risksfromstructuralfactorslikealackofheatareexperiencedbyracialandethnicminoritygroups.Forexample,2percentofU.S.households,onaverage,haveinsufficientheat,butthatrisesto12percentforAmericanIndianandAlaskaNativepeopleintribal(部落的)areas,whogenerallybelongtolow-incomegroups,accordingtoareport.AndresearchhasfoundthatBlackpeoplearemorelikelytoliveinolderhomeswithinefficientheatingsystems.(缺乏熱量等結(jié)構(gòu)性因素帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是種族和少數(shù)民族群體所經(jīng)歷的。例如，根據(jù)一份報(bào)告，平均有2%的美國(guó)家庭暖氣不足，但在部落地區(qū)的美國(guó)印第安人和阿拉斯加原住民中，這一比例上升到12%，他們通常屬于低收入群體。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，黑人更有可能住在供暖系統(tǒng)效率低下的老房子里)”可知，少數(shù)種族群體通常屬于低收入群體，所以缺少供暖，導(dǎo)致他們與感冒相關(guān)的死亡率更高，故選B?！?0題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容“Exposuretoovermuchcoldcanleadtohypothermia(體溫過(guò)低),whenaperson’scoretemperaturefallsbelow35degreesCelsiusbecausethebodycan’tproduceheatquicklyenoughtomakeupforitsloss.Duringhypothermia,whichisamedicalemergency,thecardiovascular(心血管的)systemscan’tfunctionproperly.(暴露在太冷的環(huán)境中會(huì)導(dǎo)致體溫過(guò)低，當(dāng)一個(gè)人的核心溫度降到35攝氏度以下時(shí)，因?yàn)樯眢w不能足夠快地產(chǎn)生熱量來(lái)彌補(bǔ)損失。體溫過(guò)低是一種醫(yī)療緊急情況，在這種情況下，心血管系統(tǒng)無(wú)法正常工作)”可知，本段主要講述嚴(yán)寒是如何傷害身體的，故選A。【31題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Overtime,deathsfromcoldtemperatureshaveincreasedintheUnitedStates.From1999to2022,thecountry’sage-adjusted,cold-relateddeathraterosefromabout4per1millionpeopleto9,asaresearchhasfound.(隨著時(shí)間的推移，美國(guó)因感冒死亡的人數(shù)有所增加。一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，從1999年到2022年，該國(guó)經(jīng)年齡調(diào)整的與感冒相關(guān)的死亡率從每100萬(wàn)人中約4人上升到9人)”可知，文章主要講述一項(xiàng)關(guān)于美國(guó)因感冒死亡的人數(shù)有所增加的研究并解釋了背后的原因，應(yīng)是出自一本保健雜志，故選C。DAbiologicalstudyfromStanfordUniversityfindsthediversityoflifeintheworld’soceanshasdeclinedoverthepast145millionyearsduringperiodsofextremewarming.Risingtemperaturesthatmakeithardforcold-bloodedseacreaturestobreathehavelikelybeenamongthebiggestdriversforchangesinoceanbiodiversity.“What’simportantaboutourstudyisnotthatitshowswearehavingalossofdiversitywhenoceantemperaturesrisebutthatpatternismaintainedovermillionsofyears,”saidThomasBoag,whoco-authoredastudy.TheteamfoundproofforthatpatterninrockrecordsforoceananimalsgoingbacktothetimewhenthefirstfloweringplantsappearedandtheRockyMountainsbegantorise.Theyusedearthchemicaldataasanindicatorforpasttemperatures.Theyfoundthatincolderperiods,diversityreachesitsmaximumatlowlatitudes(緯度),butinhotterperiods,itsmaximumisathigherlatitudes.Thispatternhasbeenkeptovermillionsofyears.Armedwiththisfinding,theteamdevelopedadigitalmodeloftherelationshipbetweenoceantemperatureandbiodiversityofoceananimals.Theresultssuggestoceanbiodiversityincreasessteadilywithseasurfacetemperatureuptoabout20-25℃.Upbeyondthatrange,biodiversitydropsoffduetothelimitsofoxygencontent.Astemperaturesrise,water’soxygencontentfalls,whileanimals’needforoxygengrows.Imagineamountainclimberwhomightneedextraoxygentoreachthetop.Climbershavetheoptiontocarryanoxygentank,butoceananimals,particularlycold-bloodedspeciesthatrelyontheexternalenvironmenttomanagetheirbodytemperature,arepushedtomoveandevenlikelyfaceextinction.Thefindingspaintanupsettingfutureforoceanecosystemsatlowlatitudesandmanycoastalcommunitieswhorelyonthemforfoodintheabsenceofactiontodramaticallyslowglobalwarming.Ifglobalwarmingisleftuncheckedinthecomingcenturies,itwouldkilloffmanyspeciesofoceananimalsandmovemostsurvivorsawayfromthewarmwaters.32.WhatisthemajorfindingofthestudyaccordingtoThomasBoag?A.Globaltemperatureschange.B.Oceanbiodiversitydeclines.C.Apatternexistsintheoceanecology.D.Adistributionofoceanlivesremains.33.Howdidthestudyteamlearntheglobaltemperaturesinhistory?A.Bydevelopingadigitalmodel.B.Byconsultingearthchemicaldata.C.Byresearchingoceanrockrecords.D.Byconductinglogicalassumptions.34.Whatisthelastparagraphintendedtodo?A.Presentawarning. B.Expressafeeling.C.Offerasolution. D.Stressafinding.35.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleofthetext?A.BiodiversityandtemperaturechangesB.Lowertemperatures,richeroceanlivesC.Lowerlatitudes,worsebiodiversityriskD.Globalwarmingandoceanlifediversity【答案】32.C33.B34.A35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是關(guān)于全球變暖對(duì)海洋生物多樣性影響的研究，以及由此引發(fā)的對(duì)未來(lái)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和沿海社區(qū)的擔(dān)憂(yōu)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“What’simportantaboutourstudyisnotthatitshowswearehavingalossofdiversitywhenoceantemperaturesrisebutthatpatternismaintainedovermillionsofyears(我們研究的重要之處不在于它表明當(dāng)海洋溫度上升時(shí)，我們正在失去多樣性，而是這種模式在數(shù)百萬(wàn)年的時(shí)間里一直保持著)”可知，ThomasBoag認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)研究的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)是海洋生態(tài)中存在著一種模式。故選C。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theyusedearthchemicaldataasanindicatorforpasttemperatures.(他們使用地球化學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)作為過(guò)去溫度的指標(biāo)。)”可知，研究小組是通過(guò)查閱地球化學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)得知?dú)v史上的全球氣溫的。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thefindingspaintanupsettingfutureforoceanecosystemsatlowlatitudesandmanycoastalcommunitieswhorelyonthemforfoodintheabsenceofactiontodramaticallyslowglobalwarming.Ifglobalwarmingisleftuncheckedinthecomingcenturies,itwouldkilloffmanyspeciesofoceananimalsandmovemostsurvivorsawayfromthewarmwaters.(這些發(fā)現(xiàn)為低緯度地區(qū)的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和許多依賴(lài)海洋食物的沿海社區(qū)描繪了一個(gè)令人不安的未來(lái)，如果不采取行動(dòng)顯著減緩全球變暖。如果全球變暖在未來(lái)的幾個(gè)世紀(jì)里不受控制，它將殺死許多海洋動(dòng)物物種，并使大多數(shù)幸存者離開(kāi)溫暖的水域。)”可知，如果不采取行動(dòng)減緩全球變暖，會(huì)有很多海洋物種死亡，并導(dǎo)致幸存者離開(kāi)溫暖水域。由此推知，最后一段主要是給我們提出警告。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“AbiologicalstudyfromStanfordUniversityfindsthediversityoflifeintheworld’soceanshasdeclinedoverthepast145millionyearsduringperiodsofextremewarming.Risingtemperaturesthatmakeithardforcold-bloodedseacreaturestobreathehavelikelybeenamongthebiggestdriversforchangesinoceanbiodiversity.(斯坦福大學(xué)的一項(xiàng)生物學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在過(guò)去1.45億年的極端變暖時(shí)期，世界海洋生物的多樣性有所下降。氣溫上升使冷血海洋生物難以呼吸，這可能是海洋生物多樣性變化的最大驅(qū)動(dòng)因素之一。)”可知，本文主要講的是關(guān)于全球變暖對(duì)海洋生物多樣性影響的研究，以及由此引發(fā)的對(duì)未來(lái)海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和沿海社區(qū)的擔(dān)憂(yōu)，因此最恰當(dāng)?shù)臉?biāo)題是D選項(xiàng)“Globalwarmingandoceanlifediversity(全球變暖和海洋生物多樣性)”。故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Calligraphy,theartofbeautifulhandwriting,isincreasinglypopularforitsstress-reducingbenefits.____36____Tobeginyourcalligraphyjourney,it’sessentialtogatherthenecessarysupplies.____37____.Storesalsosell“brushpens”,whichhaveaflexibletipformakinglightorthicklinesdependingonthepressureyouputonthepen.Onceyouhaveyoursupplies,trythemout.____38____Startbymakingarowof“upstrokes(上揚(yáng)的筆畫(huà))”.Thesearethinlinestodrawstartingfromthebottomandfishingatthetop.(Onthenextrow,make“downstrokes”.Thesearethicklinesdrawnfromtoptobottom.Draweachlineslowly,whichwillhelpyoumoreeasilytransitionbetweenthemasyoubegintocombinethesestrokestomakeletters.Topersonalizeyourcalligraphy,considerdesigningauniquefont(字體).Writeawordinpencillightlyonpaper.Itcouldbeanywordyoulike,suchasyournameorinitials.Youcancreateyourownfontbyleavingextraspacearoundeachlettertoaddspecialdecorations.____39____.Ifyou’dlike,giveyourfontaname.Chooseacolorlayouttoboostyourcalligraphy’svisualimpact.Whe