廣東省三校2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期一輪備考階段檢測（開學(xué)）英語試題（解析版）

高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省三校2024-2025學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期一輪備考階段檢測（開學(xué)）英語試題第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從給每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AThatyourparentsarefootingthebillrightnowdoesn’tmeanyou’relivingfreeofexpense.Asateenager,youmayneedcashfordailyactivities,nottomentionprovidingfuturefundsforcollegeinyourownright.Thechallengeliesinfindingajobthatfitsyourholidayschedule.Here’salistoftoppicksthatmaytickallyourrightboxes.HyreCarOwnerEstimatedpay:$35/dayIfyouliketheideaofAirbnb,HyreCarissimilar,butforcars.HyreCarisanonlineplatformwhereyoucanlistyourcarandrentitouttobackground-checkeddeliveryserviceandridesharedrivers.HyreCarcoversyourvehiclewithupto$1millioncoverageintheeventoftheftorphysicaldamage.ProofreaderEstimatedpay:$38/dayIfyoufeelawkwardwhensomeoneusestheincorrectverbtenseorconfuses“their”and“there”,proofreadingmightbeidealforyou.Proofreaderspolishwrittencontentforbloggers,websiteowners,andmore.WithaccesstotheInternetandalaptop,proofreadingisanexcellentoptionforstay-at-homeparents,students,oranyoneseekingalocation-independentrole.PetSitter&DogWalkerEstimatedpay:$40/dayFindingatrustedpetsitterisessentialfortravelingpetowners.Payvariesbylocation,withhigherearningsinurbanareas.Petownersremainloyaltosittersanddogwalkerstheylike.StartbuildingyourclientbasethroughRover,anonlineplatformconnectingpetownerswithlocalsittersandwalkers.LifeguardEstimatedpay:$15/hourStudleyCastleisseekingpassionatelifeguardstojointhedynamicteam.You’llplayaroleinensuringguestsafetywithamaximumof20hoursperweek.Enjoybenefitssuchasfreegymaccess,discountedfood,andpromotionopportunities.Fulltrainingwillbeprovided.SendyourupdatedCVviaApplyNow.Qualifiedapplicantswillbecontacted.”1.HowdoesHyreCarprovideprotectionforcarowners?A.Byofferingfreemaintenance. B.Byguaranteeingrentalincome.C.Byprovidingmotorinsurance. D.Byassistingwithcardelivery.2.Whichjobcouldpossiblymakethemostmoneyweekly?A.HyreCarowner. B.Proofreader.C.Petsitter&dogwalker. D.Lifeguard.3.Whoistheintendedaudienceofthepassage?A.Teenagersseekingpart-timejobs.B.Collegestudentslookingforinternships.C.Parentsinterestedinfinancialplanningfortheirchildren.D.Adultssearchingforfull-timeemploymentopportunities.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了幾種工作?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“HyreCarcoversyourvehiclewithupto$1millioncoverageintheeventoftheftorphysicaldamage.(在發(fā)生盜竊或物理損壞的情況下，HyreCar為您的車輛提供高達(dá)100萬美元的保險。)”可知，HyreCar為車主提供汽車保險。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中“HyreCarOwnerEstimatedpay:35/day(預(yù)計薪資：每天35)”、“ProofreaderEstimatedpay:38/day(預(yù)計薪資：每天38)”、“PetSitter&DogWalkerEstimatedpay:40/day(預(yù)計薪資：每天40)”和“LifeguardEstimatedpay:15/hour(預(yù)計薪資：每小時15)”以及“You’llplayaroleinensuringguestsafetywithamaximumof20hoursperweek(你將負(fù)責(zé)確?？腿税踩?，每周工作時間最多為20小時)”可知，HyreCar車主估計每天35美元，一周七天則是35×7=245美元；校對員估計每天38美元，一周七天則是38×7=266美元；寵物保姆和遛狗員估計每天40美元，一周七天則是40×7=280美元；救生員估計每小時15美元，一周最多工作20小時，則是15×20=300美元，由此可知，救生員每周可能賺最多的錢。故選D?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Asateenager,youmayneedcashfordailyactivities,nottomentionprovidingfuturefundsforcollegeinyourownright.Thechallengeliesinfindingajobthatfitsyourholidayschedule.Here’salistoftoppicksthatmaytickallyourrightboxes.(作為青少年，你可能需要現(xiàn)金用于日?；顒?，更不用說為將來的大學(xué)自己提供資金了。挑戰(zhàn)在于找到一份適合你假期時間表的工作。以下是一份可能滿足你所有要求的首選列表。)”可知，這篇文章的目標(biāo)讀者是尋找兼職工作的青少年。故選A。BA70-year-oldgrandfatherhassuccessfullyrowedaboatunassistedacrosstheentireAtlanticOcean—andhedidn’tdoitforhimself.FrankRothwelldedicatedtheextremefeattohisbrother-in-lawRoger,whodiedofAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默病)duringFrank’scrossing.Requiring18monthsofhardtraining,theentiretriptookeightgrueling(艱辛的)weeksforRothwelltotravelfromLaGomeraintheCanaryIslandsonDecember12tothefinishline3000milesawayinAntiguaonFebruary6.“Ilikeachallenge!”explainsFrankonhisfundraisingsite.“In2017,IspentfiveweeksonadesertedislandfortheChannel4program,theIslandwithBearGrylls.Beforethat,Iwasonlythe10thpersonevertocircumnavigateNorthandSouthAmerica.”Inastatement,HilaryEvans,chiefexecutiveofAlzheimer’sResearchUK,said,“We’rehonoredtohavesuchamazingsupportfromFrank.Hiscourageanddeterminationhelpedhimtocompletehisepicchallengeandraise￡1millionfordementia(癡呆)research.”“ThisincredibleamountwillbeahugebenefittothegroundbreakingresearchwecarryouthereatAlzheimer’sResearchUK,aswecontinueourmissiontobringaboutlife-changingtreatmentsforpeopleaffectedbydementia,”addedEvans.CrossingthefinishlinewasanemotionalmomentforRothwell.Hesaid,“Iamoncloudnine!IsetoutinDecemberwishingtoraise￡1millionforAlzheimer’sResearchUKbutIneverthoughtI’dactuallyachieveit.Attimes,thechallengewasincrediblytough,withroughseas,hugewaves,andmissingmywife,Judith.Butasexhaustingasitwas,itwasalltotallyworthit.”Healsosaid,“Havingreceivedhundredsofmessagesfrompeoplewho,likeme,havewitnessedtheheartbreakofdementia,IamproudtohaveraisedsuchanincredibleamountinhonorofRogerandeveryoneelsewhohasexperiencedthedestructionitcauses.”4.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph1probablymean?A.Fame. B.Career. C.Pressure. D.Achievement.5.WhatwordsbestdescribeRothwell?A.Generousandwise. B.Humorousandpatient.C.Courageousandhelpful. D.Optimisticandcautious.6.WhatcanwelearnaboutRothwellfromhiswords?A.Hefinishedthewholevoyagesmoothly.B.Hehadmixedfeelingsafterthechallenge.C.HereceivedmanymessagesfromAlzheimer’s.D.Hewasproudtoraisethemoneyforhisbrother-in-lawRoger.7.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthistext?A.People’sEffortstobattlewithDementia.B.OldMan’sSeaCrossingforAlzheimer’s.C.ASpecialCampaignforthePoor’ssupport.D.AGreatVoyageinHonorofMedicalSuccess.【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.B【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文，講述70歲老人橫渡大西洋的故事?！?題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞上文“A70-year-oldgrandfatherhassuccessfullyrowedaboatunassistedacrosstheentireAtlanticOcean—andhedidn’tdoitforhimself.(一位70歲的老爺爺成功地在無人幫助的情況下劃著小船橫渡了整個大西洋——而且他并不是為自己而做的。)”可知，F(xiàn)rankRothwell在無人幫助的情況下成功地劃船橫渡了整個大西洋。結(jié)合文章最后一段中的“IamproudtohaveraisedsuchanincredibleamountinhonorofRoger(我很自豪能為羅杰籌到這么多錢)”可知，Rothwell以被阿爾茨海默病奪去生命的Roger和其他人的名義去橫渡大西洋，并因此籌到了大量善款，由此推知，這里指他將這一了不起的“成就”獻(xiàn)給了因阿爾茨海默癥去世的Roger，feat意為“成就”。故選D項。【5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Hiscourageanddeterminationhelpedhimtocompletehisepicchallengeandraise￡1millionfordementia(癡呆)research.(他的勇氣和決心幫助他完成了史詩般的挑戰(zhàn)，并為癡呆癥研究籌集了100萬英鎊。)”可知，Rothwell為了這次的成功，經(jīng)過了長期的艱苦訓(xùn)練，并且他熱愛挑戰(zhàn)，由此可以看出他勇氣過人樂于助人。故選C。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“CrossingthefinishlinewasanemotionalmomentforRothwell.Hesaid,“Iamoncloudnine!IsetoutinDecemberwishingtoraise￡1millionforAlzheimer’sResearchUKbutIneverthoughtI’dactuallyachieveit.Attimes,thechallengewasincrediblytough,withroughseas,hugewaves,andmissingmywife,Judith.Butasexhaustingasitwas,itwasalltotallyworthit.”(沖過終點線對羅斯威爾來說是一個激動的時刻。他說：“我高興極了！去年12月，我開始希望為英國阿爾茨海默氏癥研究中心籌集100萬英鎊，但我從未想過我真的能實現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。有時，挑戰(zhàn)是難以置信的艱難，伴隨著洶涌的大海，巨大的海浪，我想念我的妻子朱迪思。盡管很累，但這一切都是值得的”)”可知，Rothwell對這次挑戰(zhàn)有著復(fù)雜的情感。故選B。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。文章介紹了70歲的弗蘭克·羅斯韋爾成功劃船橫渡大西洋，為阿爾茨海默癥的研究籌集100萬英鎊，體現(xiàn)了老人為阿爾茨海默癥患者的努力。故適合的標(biāo)題為“老人為了阿爾茨海默癥橫渡大海”。故選B。CForcenturies,Garifuna(加里富納的)people,alsoknownasGarinaguintheirnativelanguage,havekepttheculture’soralhistoryalivethroughtheirancestors’nativelanguage.Butdecadesofmodernization,casualnative-languagetraininginGarifunaschools,intermarriagebetweencultures,andthelackofconsiderationoflanguagetransmissionbyyoungpeople,collectivelyledtoGarifunabeinglistedontheUNESCOAtlasofEndangeredLanguagesin2001.Thethreatoflanguageextinctionisn’tnew.Somelinguistsestimatealanguagedieseverytwoweeks.Buttherearewaystosaveat-risklanguagesaswell.Thekeyisthatthelanguageneedstobethoughtoflessaspreserved,butindeedpartoftheirpresentandfuture.“ModernGarifunapeopleneedtheactuallanguagetograsptheirancestors’past.Withoutlanguage,culturewillneverbewhole.Ifyou’relosingyourlanguage,you’relosingyourroots,whichwilldestroyalltheancestorshaveworkedon,”AlvinLaredo,aGarifunatourguide,says.ElementsoftheGarifunacultureincludemusic,danceandlanguage.In2001,Garifunamusiciansandculturalactivistscreatedaplan:CreateirresistiblesongssungentirelyinGarifunatocallonyoungGarinagutoacceptthecultureandlearnthelanguage.Palacio,aleaderintheculturalrenaissance,gatheredGarifunamusiciansacrossCentralAmericatoformtheGarifunaCollectivebandin2007.Multipleworldperformancesandinternationalmusicawardslater,thebandputGarifunaontheinternationalmapandlitaculturalflameforGarifunaworldwide.AnothersetofmusicianswasinspiredbyPalacio’smessage.TheyhelpedelementaryandhighschoolsinBelizeteachtheGarifunacultureandlanguagethroughmusic.TheGarifunalanguagerevivaldoeshaveanewandwelcomeboost(推動力):Belize’sGarifunaTourismTrail,whichformallylaunchedinMarch2022.Ofcourse,tourismalonewon’tsavealanguage,buttourismcanprovideoneeffectivelanguage-retention(語言保持)motivation:income.MoreeconomicopportunitiesandprideintheirculturalidentitycouldhelpmotivateyoungGarinagutocontinuelearningthelanguage.WillmusicsavetheGarifunalanguage?Timewilltell.Thiskindofrevivalisalong,multi-generationalroad.8.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Tostresstheimportanceofconservinglanguages.B.ToexplainthereasonsforGarifunabeingendangered.C.Toencouragepeopletospeaktheirnativelanguages.D.Toprovetheinfluenceofmodernizationonlanguages.9.WhatiscrucialforthesurvivaloftheGarifunalanguage?A.Integratingitintopeople’sdailylives.B.Focusingonlyonteachingitinschools.C.Relyingontheeffortsoflinguiststosaveit.D.Consideringitassomethingtobepreserved.10.WhatdidtheGarifunaCollectivebanddo?A.Theyadaptedhistoricalstoriesforpopularsongs.B.TheytaughtlocalstudentsGarifunathroughmusic.C.TheysetupamusicalclubtopromoteGarifunamusic.D.TheyspreadGarifunaculturetotheworldbytheirperformances.11.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?A.Tourismisamajorsourceoflocalincome.B.Languagecanhelppeopleshapetheculturalidentity.C.Revivaleffortsensurethelanguage’ssurvivalinyears.D.Economyplaysasupportiveroleinlanguagedevelopment.【答案】8.B9.A10.D11.D【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。本文主要介紹了加里富納語被列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織瀕危語言及人們是如何拯救這門語言的。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段關(guān)鍵句“Butdecadesofmodernization,casualnative-languagetraininginGarifunaschools,intermarriagebetweencultures,andthelackofconsiderationoflanguagetransmissionbyyoungpeople,collectivelyledtoGarifunabeinglistedontheUNESCOAtlasofEndangeredLanguagesin2001.(但幾十年的現(xiàn)代化、加里富納學(xué)校隨意的母語培訓(xùn)、文化間的通婚以及年輕人對語言傳播的忽視，共同導(dǎo)致加里富納語于2001年被列入聯(lián)合國教科文組織瀕危語言之一。)”可知，第一段告訴我們加里富納語成為瀕危語言的原因，例如加里富納學(xué)校隨意的母語培訓(xùn)以及年輕人對語言傳播的忽視等，由此可知，第一段的目的是解釋加里富納語瀕危的原因。故選B項?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Buttherearewaystosaveat-risklanguagesaswell.Thekeyisthatthelanguageneedstobethoughtoflessaspreserved,butindeedpartoftheirpresentandfuture.(但也有辦法拯救有風(fēng)險的語言。關(guān)鍵在于，語言不應(yīng)被視為是被保留的，而應(yīng)視為是其現(xiàn)在和未來的一部分。)”可知，拯救有風(fēng)險的語言的關(guān)鍵在于把其視為現(xiàn)在和未來的一部分，即融入到我們現(xiàn)在和未來的生活中，由此可知，對加里富納語的生存至關(guān)重要的是把它融入到人們的日常生活中。故選A項?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段關(guān)鍵句“Palacio,aleaderintheculturalrenaissance,gatheredGarifunamusiciansacrossCentralAmericatoformtheGarifunaCollectivebandin2007.Multipleworldperformancesandinternationalmusicawardslater,thebandputGarifunaontheinternationalmapandlitaculturalflameforGarifunaworldwide.(Palacio是文化復(fù)興的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，于2007年召集了中美洲各地的加里富納音樂家組成加里富納集體樂隊。在多次世界演出和國際音樂獎項之后，樂隊將加里富納語推向了國際舞臺，為加里富納在全球點燃了文化之火。)”可知，加里富納集體樂隊通過表演將加里富納語推向了國際舞臺，在全球點燃了文化之火，由此可知，加里富納集體樂隊通過表演向世界傳播加里富納文化。故選D項?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段關(guān)鍵句“MoreeconomicopportunitiesandprideintheirculturalidentitycouldhelpmotivateyoungGarinagutocontinuelearningthelanguage.(更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)機會和對自己文化身份的自豪感可以幫助激勵年輕的加里富納人繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)這門語言。)”可知，更多的經(jīng)濟(jì)機會可以幫助激勵年輕的加里富納人繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)這門語言，由此可知，我們可以從第4段推斷出經(jīng)濟(jì)在語言發(fā)展中起著支持作用。故選D項。DForthefirsttime,scientistshaveobservedthebrainthroughoutthepregnancy(懷孕)timeline.Sexhormones,likeestrogenandtestosterone,arepowerfulplayersinthebrain,affectingmood,memory,andmore.Someofthemostdramatichormonalchangesthathumansexperiencehappenduringpregnancy,andyetthoseninemonthshavebeenablackboxforhumanneuroscienceuntilnow.AnewstudypublishedthisweekinNatureNeuroscienceprovidesthemostextensivelookinsidethatblackboxyet.Researchersscannedthebrainofonewoman26timesovertheentirecourseofherpregnancy—before,duringandafter.Brainscansshowthattracksofwhitemattergetstrongerduringpregnancy.Previousbrainimagingstudiesfrombeforeandafterpregnancyhaveshownthatpregnancyshrinks(縮小)partsofthebrain,specificallyitsgraymatter.Theseouterlayersofthebrainareresponsibleformostofsensation,learningandothergreatthingsthebraindoes.Shrinkinggraymattermaysoundscary,butithappenstoallofusthroughoutdevelopmenttofine-tuneourneuralprocessingandmakeourbrainsmoreefficient.Thoughtheterm“mommybrain”isoftenusedtorefertothebrainfogandforgetfulnesssomepeoplefeelduringpregnancy,thebrainchangesarelikelyadaptive.Forexample,youmaybeforgettingwhereyourkeysare,butyouarewaymorefocusedonwhatishappeningtoyourbaby.Researchersareparticularlyinterestedinchangeswithinbrainregionsthathelpwithsocialcognitionbyallowingustotakeonothers’perspectives.Thescaleandpatternofbrainchangesduringpregnancyaresimilartowhatotherresearchershaveseeninadolescentbrainsduringpuberty(青春期),alsodrivenbyhormones.Otherresearchershavebeenabletodetectwhethersomeonehadbeenpregnantbasedonlyonneuroimagingdatafromdecadeslater.Sodespitethecommonsayingthatourbrainsstopdevelopinginourmid-20s,hormonesseemtodrivebig,long-lastingchangesthroughoutadulthood.Fromstudyingthewoman’sbrain,researchersconfirmedgraymatterdecreasedbyfourpercentoverthecourseofpregnancyandthatdecreasepersistedthroughouttheendofthestudytwoyearsaftergivingbirth.Anditwasn'tjustoneareaornetwork—80%ofbrainregionsshrunk.Whilecertainareasandnetworkschangedfasterthanothers,theteamdoesn’tyetknowwhattheimplicationsare.12.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A.howpregnancyimpactswomen’smemory B.howbrainscansleadtoabreakthroughC.howpubertydiffersfrompregnancy D.howbrainchangesduringpregnancy13.Basedontheresearch,apregnantwomanshould________changesaccompanying“mommybrain”?A.peacefullyaccept B.consciouslyavoidC.completelyignore D.eagerlyexpect14.Wecanlearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat________.A.researchershavefiguredoutwhycertainareasofbrainchangefasterB.despitesimilarity,brainchangesinpubertyaren’tdrivenbyhormonesC.hormonesarelikelytocausebrainchangesbeyondadolescenceD.theshrinkageofgraymatterinbrainstopsshortlyafterchildbirth15.Whatisthestructureofthispassage?A.Presentingafinding→Explaining→RelatingwithotherfindingsB.Introducingatopic→Providingexamples→SummarizingthemainpointsC.Statingaproblem→Proposingsolutions→EvaluatingthesolutionsD.Describingaphenomenon→Analyzingthecauses→Predictingthefuturetrends【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.A【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了懷孕期間大腦的變化?！?2題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Forthefirsttime,scientistshaveobservedthebrainthroughoutthepregnancy(懷孕)timeline.(科學(xué)家們首次在整個懷孕時間線上觀察了大腦)”、第二段“Previousbrainimagingstudiesfrombeforeandafterpregnancyhaveshownthatpregnancyshrinks(縮小)partsofthebrain,specificallyitsgraymatter.Theseouterlayersofthebrainareresponsibleformostofsensation,learningandothergreatthingsthebraindoes.(之前對懷孕前后的腦成像研究表明，懷孕會縮小大腦的某些部位，特別是灰質(zhì)。大腦的這些外層負(fù)責(zé)大腦的大部分感覺、學(xué)習(xí)和其他偉大的事情)”以及文章內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了懷孕期間大腦的變化。故選D?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Thoughtheterm“mommybrain”isoftenusedtorefertothebrainfogandforgetfulnesssomepeoplefeelduringpregnancy,thebrainchangesarelikelyadaptive.(盡管“媽咪大腦”一詞通常用來指一些人在懷孕期間感到的腦霧和健忘，但大腦的變化可能是適應(yīng)性的)”可知，大腦的變化可能是適應(yīng)性的。由此推知，孕婦應(yīng)該平靜地接受大腦的這種變化。故選A。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thescaleandpatternofbrainchangesduringpregnancyaresimilartowhatotherresearchershaveseeninadolescentbrainsduringpuberty(青春期),alsodrivenbyhormones.

(懷孕期間大腦變化的規(guī)模和模式與其他研究人員在青春期青少年大腦中觀察到的相似，也是由荷爾蒙驅(qū)動的)”可知，與懷孕期間的大腦變化相似，荷爾蒙也可能會導(dǎo)致青春期后的大腦變化。故選C。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Someofthemostdramatichormonalchangesthathumansexperiencehappenduringpregnancy,andyetthoseninemonthshavebeenablackboxforhumanneuroscienceuntilnow.(人類經(jīng)歷的一些最劇烈的荷爾蒙變化發(fā)生在懷孕期間，但到目前為止，這九個月一直是人類神經(jīng)科學(xué)的黑匣子)”、第二段“AnewstudypublishedthisweekinNatureNeuroscienceprovidesthemostextensivelookinsidethatblackboxyet.Researchersscannedthebrainofonewoman26timesovertheentirecourseofherpregnancy-before,duringandafter.Brainscansshowthattracksofwhitemattergetstrongerduringpregnancy.Previousbrainimagingstudiesfrombeforeandafterpregnancyhaveshownthatpregnancyshrinkspartsofthebrain,specificallyitsgraymatter.Theseouterlayersofthebrainareresponsibleformostofsensation,learningandothergreatthingsthebraindoes.(本周發(fā)表在《自然神經(jīng)科學(xué)》上的一項新研究提供了迄今為止最全面的黑盒子內(nèi)部觀察。研究人員在一名女性懷孕的整個過程中對其大腦進(jìn)行了26次掃描，包括懷孕前、懷孕中和懷孕后。腦部掃描顯示，白質(zhì)的軌跡在懷孕期間會變得更強。之前對懷孕前后的腦成像研究表明，懷孕會縮小大腦的某些部位，特別是灰質(zhì)。大腦的這些外層負(fù)責(zé)大腦的大部分感覺、學(xué)習(xí)和其他偉大的事情)”、倒數(shù)第二段“Thescaleandpatternofbrainchangesduringpregnancyaresimilartowhatotherresearchershaveseeninadolescentbrainsduringpuberty(青春期),alsodrivenbyhormones.

(懷孕期間大腦變化的規(guī)模和模式與其他研究人員在青春期青少年大腦中觀察到的相似，也是由荷爾蒙驅(qū)動的)”可知，文章先介紹了大腦變化的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，然后進(jìn)行詳細(xì)解釋，并與其他研究發(fā)現(xiàn)進(jìn)行相關(guān)聯(lián)。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Parentswhoarealwaysshowingofftheirchildrenarecalledsharents,whosebehaviorhaslongbeenpopularonsocialmedia.Itisfoundthatvideoswithchildrenreceivethreetimesasmanyviewsasothervideos.Nine-year-oldRyanKaji,staroftheRyan’sWorldchannel,toppedForbes’2020listofhighest-paidYouTubers,makinganestimated$29.5millionfromhiscontentandproductlines.____16____.

Influencerparentsandkidsacrossahostofplatformscangainmillionsofonlinefollowersandlandprofitablesponsorships.Somefamilyinfluencersgetpaiddirectlybybrandsforendorsing(代言)theirproducts.____17____.

Andmanymoreearnincomebyreceivingadrevenues(收益).____18____.Alookatthecommentssectionofalmostanywebsiteprovestheinternetisoftenaveryuglyplace.Whilethebusinessoffamilysocialmediaisbigandgrowing,thereareasyetfewmeaningfulsafeguardsforkids’privacyandsafety,bothfrommediacompanieslikeYouTubeandfromexistinglaw.

____19____.

LeahPlunkett,assistantdeanforlearningexperienceandtechnologyatHarvardLawSchoolsaid,“Inmanycases,thekidswhowindupin‘commercialsharenting’aretooyoungtounderstandwhat’sgoingon.

____20____.

Ifthereiscontentgoingoutaboutthechildrenwhentheyarethreeyearsold,theymaybeprettyuncomfortablewithitwhentheyarethirteen.Andthatcontentisnotgoingtogoaway.”Dr.SarahDomoff,whodirectstheFamilyHealthLabatCentralMichiganUniversityalsosaysparentaloversharingmaybedamaging.A.Someselltheirownbrandedproductsdirectlytoviewers.B.Someparentshavealreadystartedtoreconsidersharenting.C.Theycan’tgiveanytypeofpermissionorknowinvolvement.D.Embarrassingachildpubliclycanmakechildrenashamedoftheparents.E.Theseproblemsmakeexpertsonchildren’srightsanddevelopmentworried.F.“Sharenting”hascurrentlybecomeanincreasinglyprofessionalizedbusiness.G.Thepursuitofinternetfameanddollarsmayposepotentialdangerstothekidsonsocialmedia.【答案】16.F17.A18.G19.E20.C【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。文章認(rèn)為父母在社交媒體上炫耀孩子，這種“曬娃”現(xiàn)象，對孩子是有害的?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)第一段中“Parentsshowingofftheirchildrenhaslongbeenpopularonsocialmedia.(父母炫耀自己的孩子在社交媒體上一直很流行。)”等，介紹了父母在社交媒體上炫耀孩子的現(xiàn)象，即“曬娃”現(xiàn)象，選項F“‘曬娃’現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為一個越來越專業(yè)化的行業(yè)?！背薪由弦欢危M(jìn)一步介紹這種“曬娃”現(xiàn)象越來越專業(yè)化了，引出下文“Influencerparentsandkidsacrossahostofplatformscangainmillionsofonlinefollowersandlandprofitablesponsorships.(在許多平臺上有影響力的父母和孩子可以獲得數(shù)百萬的在線追隨者和有利可圖的贊助。)”具體介紹其專業(yè)化程度。語義合理。故選F項?！?7題詳析】上文“Somefamilyinfluencersgetpaiddirectlybybrandsforendorsing(代言)theirproducts.(一些家庭網(wǎng)紅直接從品牌那里獲得代言產(chǎn)品的報酬。)”說明“曬娃”通過代言產(chǎn)品獲得報酬，選項A“一些公司直接把自有品牌的產(chǎn)品賣給觀眾?！背薪由衔模榻B一些公司還可以直接賣東西，下文“Andmanymoreearnincomebyreceivingadrevenues(收益).(更多的人通過廣告收益獲得收入)”繼續(xù)說明一些人是通過廣告收益獲得收入的。上下文語義一致，都在說明這種現(xiàn)象給哪些人帶來收益。故選A項?！?8題詳析】下文“Alookatthecommentssectionofalmostanywebsiteprovestheinternetisoftenaveryuglyplace.(看看幾乎所有網(wǎng)站的評論部分證明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)經(jīng)常是一個非常丑陋的地方。)”說明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有不良社會反映，選項G“追求網(wǎng)絡(luò)名聲和金錢可能會給孩子們在社交媒體上帶來嚴(yán)重的潛在危險?！敝荚谡f明互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可能給孩子們帶來嚴(yán)重的不良影響。上下文語義一致。故選G項?！?9題詳析】上文“whilethebusinessoffamilysocialmediaisbigandgrowing,thereareasyetfewmeaningfulsafeguardsforkids’privacyandsafety,bothfrommediacompanieslikeYouTubeandfromexistinglaw.(雖然家庭社交媒體的業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模很大，而且還在不斷增長，但對于孩子的隱私和安全，無論是來自YouTube這樣的媒體公司，還是來自現(xiàn)有的法律，目前都沒有什么有意義的保護(hù)措施。)”說明媒體公司和現(xiàn)有法律對兒童沒有什么保護(hù)措施，選項E“這些問題都讓兒童權(quán)利和發(fā)展專家擔(dān)心”承接上文，和上文存在因果關(guān)系，因為沒有保護(hù)措施，所以令人擔(dān)心。故選E項。【20題詳析】上文“Inmanycases,thekidswhowindupin‘commercialsharenting’aretooyoungtounderstandwhat’sgoingon.(在很多情況下，被卷入‘商業(yè)曬娃’的孩子還太小，不知道發(fā)生了什么。)”說明孩子太小，不知道發(fā)生了什么，選項C“他們不能給予任何形式的許可，也不知道參與其中?！背薪由衔?，繼續(xù)說明孩子太小，不能對此事表示許可還是拒絕，也不知道自己參與其中。語義合理。故選C項。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。MywifeLauraandIwereonthebeachwithourchildren,photographingshorebirdsnearourAlaskahomewhenwespottedathin,smallbear,movingaimlessly.Momentslater,Iheardmydaughter___21___,“Dad!Thebearisrightbehindus!”Unlikeatypical___22___bearthatrushesforwardtofrightenawayitsenemybeforestopping,thisonewassilent,itsearspinnedback—aclear___23___itwasgoingforthekill.ItwasacoldAprilday,andthebear’sbehaviorwas___24___,likelydrivenbyhunger.Suddenly,thebear___25___me.Iinstinctivelyheldmycameratripod(三腳架)toforma___26___.Itshugeheadreachedmychestlevelasitbitdownonthetripod,andIfoundmyself___27___itsweight.KnowingIcouldn’tholditforlong,Iunderstoodthis___28___wasunavoidable.Iwastheonlythingstandingbetweenthebearandmy___29___,whowouldn’toutrunit.Thebeastheldtightlyonthetripodand_____30_____itintomyside.Myarmcouldnotmove,andIsensedthatmyboneswouldbreak.Wavingoneofmyfists,I_____31_____thebearashardasIcould.Then,as_____32_____asithadbegun,thefight_____33_____.Thebearmovedbacktowardtheforest,leavingustowonderwhathadjusthappened.Myarmwasinjured,butthe_____34_____wasremarkablyfortunate.I’mproudthatmyfamilyandIremained_____35_____whenpaniccouldhaveledtoaverydifferentoutcome.21.A.chattering B.repeating C.shouting D.inquiring22.A.hungry B.aggressive C.silent D.fearful23.A.fact B.reason C.sense D.sign24.A.abnormal B.social C.random D.standard25.A.foughtfor B.rushedinto C.glaredat D.leanedagainst26.A.shape B.barrier C.position D.structure27.A.lifting B.balancing C.feeling D.supporting28.A.fight B.problem C.decision D.escape29.A.house B.children C.family D.group30.A.dragged B.swung C.pressed D.planted31.A.struck B.slapped C.kicked D.patted32.A.gradually B.initially C.sharply D.abruptly33.A.faded B.ended C.changed D.continued34.A.experience B.moment C.process D.outcome35.A.self-centered B.open-minded C.clear-headed D.strong-willed【答案】21.C22.B23.D24.A25.B26.B27.D28.A29.C30.C31.A32.D33.B34.D35.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一家人在阿拉斯加的海灘上遭遇一只饑餓的熊，父親用三腳架與熊搏斗，最終保護(hù)家人安全的故事?！?1題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：片刻之后，我聽到女兒大喊：“爸爸！熊就在我們后面！”。A.chattering聊天；B.repeating重復(fù)；C.shouting大喊；D.inquiring詢問。根據(jù)下文“Dad!Thebearisrightbehindus!”可知，下文說的是熊就在后面，這是女兒大聲呼喊的內(nèi)容，所以是shouting，故選C項?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：不像典型的具有攻擊性的熊會先向前沖來嚇跑敵人然后停下，這只熊很安靜，耳朵向后貼，這是它要進(jìn)行捕殺的明顯跡象。A.hungry饑餓的；B.aggressive有攻擊性的；C.silent安靜的；D.fearful害怕的。根據(jù)下文“thisonewassilent”可知，這只熊很安靜，可推理出這只熊不同于其他有攻擊性的熊，故選B項?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：同第2題。A.fact事實；B.reason原因；C.sense感覺；D.sign跡象。根據(jù)上文“itsearspinnedback”以及下文“itwasgoingforthekill”可知，熊的耳朵向后貼，這是熊要進(jìn)行捕殺的跡象，故選D項?！?4題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是四月寒冷的一天，熊的行為不正常，可能是饑餓驅(qū)使的。A.abnormal不正常的；B.social社會的；C.random隨機的；D.standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)ikelydrivenbyhunger”可知，下文說的是可能是饑餓驅(qū)使的，可推理出此處說的是這只熊的行為不同于平常，是不正常的，故選A項?！?5題詳析】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：突然，熊沖向我。A.foughtfor為……而戰(zhàn)；B.rushedinto沖向；C.glaredat怒視；D.leanedagainst依靠。根據(jù)下文“Iinstinctivelyheldmycameratripod(三腳架)toform”可知，下文說的是作者本能地拿起了相機的三腳架，可推理出熊向作者沖過來了，才本能地拿三腳架，故選B項?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我本能地拿著相機三腳架形成一個屏障。A.shape形狀；B.barrier屏障；C.position位置；D.structure結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)下文“itbitdownonthetripod”可知，下文說的是熊在咬三腳架，可推理出作者用三腳架來形成屏障，故選B項。【27題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)它咬著三腳架時，它的大頭到達(dá)了我的胸部高度，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在支撐它的重量。A.lifting舉起；B.balancing平衡；C.feeling感覺；D.supporting支撐。根據(jù)下文“KnowingIcouldn’tholditforlong”可知，下文說的是作者意識到自己支撐不了多長時間，可推理出作者在承受著熊的重量，在支撐著它，故選D項?！?8題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：知道我支撐不了多久，我明白這場戰(zhàn)斗是不可避免的。A.fight戰(zhàn)斗；B.problem問題；C.decision決定；D.escape逃跑。根據(jù)下文“Wavingoneofmyfists”可知，下文說的是揮舞著拳頭，可推理出此處說的是一場打斗不可避免，故選A項。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我是擋在熊和我的家人之間的唯一屏障，我的家人跑不過它。A.house房子；B.children孩子；C.family家人；D.group組。根據(jù)上文“MywifeLauraandIwereonthebeachwithourchildren”可知，作者在和家人一起在沙灘度假，可推理出此處說的是作者擋在了熊和家人之間，故選C項?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：野獸緊緊咬住三腳架，把它壓向我的側(cè)身。A.dragged拖；B.swung搖擺；C.pressed壓；D.planted種植。根據(jù)下文“Myarmcouldnotmove,andIsensedthatmyboneswouldbreak”可知，作者的胳膊無法動彈，感覺骨頭要斷裂，可推理出熊在把三腳架壓向作者，故選C項。【31題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我揮舞著一只拳頭，盡我所能地?fù)舸蛐堋.struck擊打；B.slapped掌摑；C.kicked踢；D.patted輕拍。根據(jù)上文“Wavingoneofmyfists”可知，作者揮舞著拳頭，可推理出作者是用拳頭擊打熊，故選A項?！?2題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然后，就像開始時一樣突然，戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束了。A.gradually逐漸地；B.initially最初；C.sharply急劇地；D.abruptly突然地。根據(jù)下文“Thebearmovedbacktowardtheforest”可知，熊調(diào)頭跑回了森林，可推理出此處說的是作者與熊之間的戰(zhàn)斗開始和結(jié)束都很突然，故選D項?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：同上題。A.faded褪色；B.ended結(jié)束；C.changed改變；D.continued繼續(xù)。根據(jù)下文“Thebearmovedbacktowardtheforest”可知熊調(diào)頭跑回了森林，可推理出此處說的是戰(zhàn)斗結(jié)束了，故選B項。【34