湖北省楚天協(xié)作體2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省楚天協(xié)作體2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ARenewSanFranciscoZooSpendaSaturdaybeautifyingtheZoo.Participationmeans:·Weeding(除雜草)andclean-uptoreducetheuseofharmfulpesticides.·MeetingnewpeoplefromdiversebackgroundswhoshareyourcommitmenttoconservingtheEarth’splantandanimalspecies.·Sharingyourexpertiseanddevelopingnewskillsandinterests.·BecomingpartofSanFranciscoZoo’shistory.·Gettingreally,reallydirty.Whocanvolunteer?Adultsandchildren.Adult:childratio(比例)mustbeatleast1adultper5children.Whatdoyouwear?Somethingwarmandcomfortablethatyoudon’tmindgettingdirty.TheZooprovidestoolsandworkgloves,butifyouhaveworkgloves,bringthemjustincase.Pleasewearstrongworkshoes.SponsoringaCorporateRenewtheZooEventGroupsofallsizescansponsoraprivateRenewtheZoodayfortheircompanies.AtaCorporateRenewtheZooday,yourgroupworksasateamtocompleteZooprojectsthatultimatelybenefitourBayAreacommunity.Inadditiontohavingfunandbuildingteamspirit,yourgroupreceivesadmissiontotheZoo,lightmealsanddrinks,andfreeridecoupons(優(yōu)惠券).ZoostaffhelpwitheacheventtomakesurethatyourgroupenjoysitsdayattheZoo.VolunteerDatesPleasebeprompt(準(zhǔn)時(shí)的).Wewillbeclosingthegatesat8:15.Nolateentriesareallowed.·Saturday,March9th,8am-11am.·Saturday,June8th,8am-11am.·Saturday,September14th,8am-11am.·Saturday,November9th,8am-11am.1.Whatarethevolunteersforthezooexpectedtodo?A.Conductanimalresearch. B.Organizefundraisingevents.C.Keepthezootidyandbeautiful. D.Sharethezoo’shistorywithtourists.2.Whatisaneedforchildvolunteersforthezoo?A.Theymustregisterinadvance. B.Theymustwearwarmgloves.C.Theymusttaketheirowntools. D.Theymustbeaccompaniedbyadults.3.Whatwillthevolunteersfromsponsoringgroupsget?A.AvisittotheBayArea. B.Afunshowinthezoo.C.Somefreedrinksandfood. D.Discountedadmissiontickets.【答案】1.C2.D3.C【語篇解讀】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了舊金山動(dòng)物園招募周六志愿者的相關(guān)事宜?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SpendaSaturdaybeautifyingtheZoo.(花一個(gè)星期六來美化動(dòng)物園。)”以及Participationmeans:中“Weeding(除雜草)andclean-uptoreducetheuseofharmfulpesticides(除草和清理，以減少有害農(nóng)藥的使用)”可知，志愿者在動(dòng)物園需要做的是除草和清理工作，也就是讓動(dòng)物園保持整潔和美麗。故選C項(xiàng)。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Whocanvolunteer?中“Adultsandchildren.Adult:childratio(比例)mustbeatleast1adultper5children.(成人和兒童。成人與兒童的比例至少為1：5)”可知，可知，兒童志愿者必須有成人陪同。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SponsoringaCorporateRenewtheZooEvent部分的“Inadditiontohavingfunandbuildingteamspirit,yourgroupreceivesadmissiontotheZoo,lightmealsanddrinks,andfreeridecoupons(優(yōu)惠券).(除了玩得開心和建立團(tuán)隊(duì)精神外，您的團(tuán)隊(duì)還可以獲得動(dòng)物園的入場(chǎng)券，便餐和飲料，以及免費(fèi)乘車券。)”可知，贊助團(tuán)體的志愿者會(huì)得到進(jìn)入動(dòng)物園的機(jī)會(huì)、便餐和飲料以及免費(fèi)乘車優(yōu)惠券。故選C項(xiàng)。BWeweredesigningawheelchairforacollegeengineeringcourseandmyclassmatesfeltonlysteelwouldbestrongenoughforthehandheldlevers(操作桿).Ibelievedaluminum(鋁)wouldbeabetteroption.Butthestudentwhomoststronglyadvocatedforsteelworkedatabikeshop;surelyIdidn’tknowbetter,havingusedmetalonlyforcrafts.Afewdayslater,whentheheavysteelarmkeptfalling,Ifeltvalidated.IhadbeenrightandIwishedIhadshownmoresteelyresolveindefendingmyposition.Iwasacraftykid.MyparentsalwayscamehomepreparedforwhatevercreativechaosIhadmadethatday—painting,claysculpting,sewingstuffedanimals,andmore.ButwhenIenrolledinengineeringincollege,Iputthesepursuitsaside.Ididn’tthinktheywererelevanttomyacademicworkandIhesitatedtohighlightmy“feminine”craftinginterestsinthemale-dominatedengineeringenvironmentwhereIalreadyfeltlikeanoutsider.Itoldmyselfthatengineeringsufficientlyfedmycreativeside.Thewheelchairprojectsuggestedmycraftingmightbeimportant,butforthenextfewyearsIcontinuedtoavoidbringingitupinprofessionalspaces.WhenIwasbeinginterviewedforengineeringjobslaterandwasaskedwhetherImadethingsinmysparetime,Iwassuretheinterviewerswouldn’tcareaboutmyhomemadeholidaycards.Instead,Iexpressedmyinterestindoingmore3Dprinting.Thecompanyofferedmethejob,soIfeltmyassumptionwasconfirmed.Myattitudedidn’tchangeuntilonedayIwasmakingasetofdice(骰子)asagiftforafriend.Whilepouringtheliquidresin(樹脂)intothemould,Isuddenlyrealizedthatresinartsharesthesamespiritandsomeoftheskillsofengineering.MaybemycraftingwassomethingIshouldwelcome.Sincethen,I’vebuiltcraftingbackintomyfreetime.I’vealsostoppedhidingitfrommycolleagues.ImentionedmydicemakingadventuresataroboticsconferenceandintroducedhowwecouldgaininspirationfromanartexperienceIhadrecentlyhadinameeting.Theresponseswereconsistentlypositiveandconstructive—notdismissive(鄙視的),asIusedtofear.I’vegrownintoanengineerwithvaluableskillsgainedfrommyfirstpassion.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“validated”inparagraph1mean?A.Inspired. B.Confirmed. C.Disappointed. D.Acknowledged.5.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosayinparagraph2?A.Thereasonshechosetohideherhobby.B.Thechallengessheencounteredincollege.C.Herparents’impactonhercreativedevelopment.D.Herstrategyforbalancingcraftingandengineering.6.Whatmadetheauthorrealizethesignificanceofcraftingtoengineering?A.Herdicemaking. B.Herjobinterview.C.Thewheelchairproject. D.Theroboticsconference.7.Howdidtheauthor’scoworkersreactwhenshesharedhercraftingexperiences?A.Theywereinterestedandjoinedher.B.Theywerecriticalandreactednegatively.C.Theywereconfusedanddidnotunderstandher.D.Theyweresupportiveandprovidedhelpfuladvice.【答案】4.B5.A6.A7.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者在工程學(xué)習(xí)和工作中起初隱藏自己的手工愛好，后來意識(shí)到手工對(duì)工程有重要意義，分享手工經(jīng)歷也得到積極回應(yīng)。【4題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中“Weweredesigningawheelchairforacollegeengineeringcourseandmyclassmatesfeltonlysteelwouldbestrongenoughforthehandheldlevers(操作桿).Ibelievedaluminum(鋁)wouldbeabetteroption.(我們當(dāng)時(shí)正在為大學(xué)工程課程設(shè)計(jì)一種輪椅，我的同學(xué)們覺得只有鋼的強(qiáng)度才夠做手持杠桿。我認(rèn)為鋁將是一個(gè)更好的選擇)”可知，對(duì)于選擇什么材料來做操作桿，作者和其他同學(xué)觀點(diǎn)不一致，結(jié)合劃線詞所在句“Afewdayslater,whentheheavysteelarmkeptfalling,Ifeltvalidated.IhadbeenrightandIwishedIhadshownmoresteelyresolveindefendingmyposition.(幾天后，當(dāng)沉重的鋼制操作桿不斷掉落時(shí)，我感到validated。我是對(duì)的，我真希望自己在捍衛(wèi)自己的立場(chǎng)時(shí)能表現(xiàn)出更堅(jiān)定的決心)”中“whentheheavysteelarmkeptfalling”和“Ihadbeenright”可知，鋼制操作桿出現(xiàn)了問題，證明作者之前認(rèn)為鋁制操作桿更好的觀點(diǎn)是對(duì)的，作者覺得自己觀點(diǎn)得到了證實(shí)，所以劃線詞“validated”與“confirmed”同義，意思是“被證實(shí)”。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“ButwhenIenrolledinengineeringincollege,Iputthesepursuitsaside.Ididn’tthinktheywererelevanttomyacademicworkandIhesitatedtohighlightmy“feminine”craftinginterestsinthemaledominatedengineeringenvironmentwhereIalreadyfeltlikeanoutsider.(但當(dāng)我上大學(xué)選了工程專業(yè)時(shí)，我把這些愛好放在了一邊。我認(rèn)為它們與我的學(xué)業(yè)無關(guān)，而且在男性主導(dǎo)的工程環(huán)境中，我已經(jīng)覺得自己是個(gè)局外人，所以我猶豫是否要突出我‘女性化’的手工愛好)”可知，作者在第二段中解釋了她選擇隱藏自己手工愛好的原因。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Myattitudedidn’tchangeuntilonedayIwasmakingasetofdice(骰子)asagiftforafriend.Whilepouringtheliquidresin(樹脂)intothemould,Isuddenlyrealizedthatresinartsharesthesamespiritandsomeoftheskillsofengineering.(直到有一天，我為一個(gè)朋友做一套骰子作為禮物時(shí)，我的態(tài)度才發(fā)生了改變。當(dāng)我把液態(tài)樹脂倒入模具時(shí)，我突然意識(shí)到樹脂藝術(shù)與工程學(xué)有著相同的精神和一些技能)”可知，是做骰子這件事讓作者意識(shí)到手工對(duì)工程的重要性。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Theresponseswereconsistentlypositiveandconstructive—notdismissive(鄙視的),asIusedtofear.(回應(yīng)一直是積極且有建設(shè)性的——不像我過去擔(dān)心的那樣遭到鄙視)”可知，作者的同事們對(duì)她分享手工經(jīng)歷是支持的，并給出了有用的建議。故選D項(xiàng)。CArelativenewcomercomparedtoYouTubeandInstagram,TikTokwaslaunchedin2016andhassincegrowntoanaudienceofoveronebillionmonthlyactiveusers.Itsformat—short,shareablevideos—andaddictivealgorithm(算法)haveprovedparticularlypopularamongyoungerpeople.AccordingtoTikTok’sowndatainsights,theapphasseena410%increaseintravelcontentviewssince2021.TikTokcontentcreatorEmmaCookethinksit’sthehonestyofvideosthatmakesthemperformwell.“Ifapictureisworth1,000words,avideoisworth10,000,”shesays.“It’sveryhardtoedittheminthewayyoucouldimagine.TikToktravellersarelookingforauthenticity(真實(shí)性).”Morethan70%ofTikTok’sEuropeanaudiencesaythey’relikelytobookaholidaybasedonrecommendationsthey’veseenontheplatform(平臺(tái)).Indeed,researchbyAdobefoundthatmorethan60%ofGenZAmericanshaveusedTikTokasasearchengine.Enteringasearchtermsuchas“topthingstodoinParis”willbringupendlessvideos,rankedbypopularityandthealgorithmwilladapttotheseinterestsnexttimeyousearch.TikTokattractsmanycontentcreators,whoseinsightscanbeinvaluablefortravellers.Buttheyalsohavethepotentialtocauseharm,attimesdirectingthousandsofvisitorstoplacesthatdon’thavetheinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)tosupport.Manydestinationshavefallenvictimtotheirownsuccess.Astudypublishedinajournalfoundthat,“Whilethetouristshelpedimprovetheeconomicsituation,theyalsobroughttrafficandcrowding,puttingpressureoninfrastructure.”There’salsotheissueofthepromotionofunethical(不道德的)tourism.ResponsibletravelisofkeeninteresttoTikTokusers.ButwhenDrNataraLoose,anAmericanveterinarian,visitedMauritiusthisyear,shesaysshewas“shockedbythenumberofboatssellingtourstoswimwithdolphins,apracticeillegalinMauritiusbutspreadalloverTikTok.”Forbetterorworse,it’scleartheplatform’sinfluenceontravelisenormous,particularlyamongyoungergenerationsanditisn’tgoinganywhereanytimesoon.8.WhatmakesTikTokpopularaccordingtoEmmaCooke?A.Itslongervideos. B.Itsolderaudience.C.Itsfocusoneditedcontent. D.Itsvideocontent’sauthenticity.9.WhatdomostGenZAmericansuseTikTokasaccordingtothetext?A.Abookingplatformfortravelaccommodations.B.Aplatformforsharingtravelphotosandvideos.C.Asearchenginefortravelrecommendations.D.Atoolforconnectingwithlocaltouroperators.10.WhatisapotentialnegativeconsequenceofTikToktouristpromotions?A.Theymayover-commercializetourism. B.Theymayovercrowdlocalinfrastructure.C.Theymaypreventsustainabletravelmodes. D.Theymayincreasetheriskofculturalsimilarity.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?A.HowTikTokbooststheeconomy B.WhyTikTokmakesresponsibletravellersC.HowTikTokischangingthefaceoftravel D.WhatTikToklearnsfromotherplatforms【答案】8.D9.C10.B11.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了TikTok在旅游領(lǐng)域的巨大影響力，它因視頻內(nèi)容真實(shí)性受年輕人歡迎，但也可能帶來過度擁擠和不道德旅游推廣等問題?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“TikTokcontentcreatorEmmaCookethinksit’sthehonestyofvideosthatmakesthemperformwell.(TikTok內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作者艾瑪·庫克認(rèn)為，正是視頻的真實(shí)性讓它們表現(xiàn)出色。)”以及她所說的話“TikToktravellersarelookingforauthenticity(真實(shí)性).(TikTok上的旅行者在尋找真實(shí)性。)”可知，艾瑪·庫克認(rèn)為是TikTok視頻內(nèi)容的真實(shí)性讓它受歡迎。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Indeed,researchbyAdobefoundthatmorethan60%ofGenZAmericanshaveusedTikTokasasearchengine.Enteringasearchtermsuchas‘topthingstodoinParis’willbringupendlessvideos,rankedbypopularityandthealgorithmwilladapttotheseinterestsnexttimeyousearch.(事實(shí)上，Adobe的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，超過60%的美國(guó)Z世代將TikTok用作搜索引擎。輸入諸如‘巴黎必做的頂級(jí)事情’這樣的搜索詞，將會(huì)出現(xiàn)無數(shù)視頻，按人氣排名，下次你搜索時(shí)，算法會(huì)根據(jù)這些興趣進(jìn)行調(diào)整)”可知，大多數(shù)美國(guó)Z世代將TikTok用作旅游推薦的搜索引擎。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Buttheyalsohavethepotentialtocauseharm,attimesdirectingthousandsofvisitorstoplacesthatdon’thavetheinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)tosupport.(但它們也有可能造成危害，有時(shí)會(huì)將數(shù)千名游客引向沒有相應(yīng)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支持的地方)”和第五段中“Whilethetouristshelpedimprovetheeconomicsituation,theyalsobroughttrafficandcrowding,puttingpressureoninfrastructure.(雖然游客有助于改善經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況，但他們也帶來了交通擁堵問題，給基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施帶來了壓力)”可知，TikTok旅游推廣的一個(gè)潛在負(fù)面后果是可能使當(dāng)?shù)鼗A(chǔ)設(shè)施過于擁擠。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“ArelativenewcomercomparedtoYouTubeandInstagram,TikTokwaslaunchedin2016andhassincegrowntoanaudienceofoveronebillionmonthlyactiveusers.Itsformat—short,shareablevideos—andaddictivealgorithm(算法)haveprovedparticularlypopularamongyoungerpeople.AccordingtoTikTok’sowndatainsights,theapphasseena410%increaseintravelcontentviewssince2021.(與YouTube和Instagram相比，TikTok算是一個(gè)相對(duì)較新的平臺(tái)，它于2016年推出，此后每月活躍用戶已增長(zhǎng)到超過1億。它的形式——簡(jiǎn)短、可分享的視頻——以及讓人上癮的算法，在年輕人中尤其受歡迎。根據(jù)TikTok自己的數(shù)據(jù)洞察，自2021年以來，該應(yīng)用上的旅游內(nèi)容瀏覽量增長(zhǎng)了410%)”以及最后一段“Forbetterorworse,it’scleartheplatform’sinfluenceontravelisenormous,particularlyamongyoungergenerationsanditisn’tgoinganywhereanytimesoon.(不管是好是壞，很明顯這個(gè)平臺(tái)對(duì)旅游的影響是巨大的，尤其是在年輕一代中，而且這種影響短期內(nèi)不會(huì)消失)”可知，文章圍繞TikTok對(duì)旅游的影響展開，它既推動(dòng)了旅游信息傳播，也帶來一些問題，正在改變旅游的面貌。C項(xiàng)“HowTikTokischangingthefaceoftravel(抖音如何改變旅游面貌)”能概括文章內(nèi)容，最適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選C項(xiàng)。DOverthepast40years,neuroscience(神經(jīng)科學(xué))researchershavebeguntobuildaremarkablyaccuratepictureofwhatexactlyhappensinthebrainduringadolescence(青春期).Oneareaofresearchhasbeenneuroplasticity—thatis,thebrain’sabilitytoreorganiseitselfbyformingnewneuralconnections.Duringchildhood,thebrain’s86billionneuronscreatenumerousconnectionpatterns.Eachtimewelearntodosomething,neuralpathwaysarecreatedthatallowustorepeatandimproveupontheaction.Byadulthood,neuralpathwaysthathavebeenusedfrequentlybecome“fixed”,whereastheless-usedorunusedpathwaysdisappear.Thesestronger“fixed”connectionsenableadultstohavemorecomplexthoughtsandtocarryoutregularactionsmoreeffectively.However,thedisappearanceofotherless-usedconnectionsreducesthebrain’s“flexibility”.Asaresult,adultsfindithardertomasternewskillsorrememberunfamiliarinformation.Itusedtobethoughtthatteenagers’brainsweresimilartoadultsinthisrespect,butresearchhasrevealedthattheteenagebrainstillhastremendous“plasticity”—lessthaninchildhood,butmorethanadults—andsoteenagersarebetteratlearningandmemorisingthingsthanadults.Thismeansthisisagreatagetodevelopnewskillssuchasplayinganinstrument,learningtodriveorspeakinganewlanguage.Recentresearchhasevenshownthataperson’sIQ,whichwaspreviouslythoughttobeunchanging,canimproveintheteenyears!Researchhasalsoshownafurtherdifferenceintheprefrontalcortex(PFC)ofteenagersandadults.ThePFCistheareaofthebrainthat’sresponsibleforabstractthinking.Itsfunctionsincludeplanning.predictingtheresultsofactionsaswellasregulationofemotions,andfocusingongoals.Unlikeinadults,theteenagePFCisstilldeveloping,whichexplainswhyteenagerscanbeimpulsive(沖動(dòng)的)andtakerisksandwhytheyfindithardtoconcentrateandmakegoodchoices.PsychiatristDrDanielSiegelthinkstheteenageyearsareveryexcitingones.Hebelievesthatlearningabouthowtheirbrainsworkhelpsteenagersdeveloptheiremotionalintelligenceandthoughtprocesses,allowingthemtobetheverybestpersontheycanbe.Itseemsthen,thattheteenageyearsaretheidealtimetolearnproblem-solvingandcriticalthinkingskills.12.Whathappenstoneuralpathwaysasindividualsgrowfromchildrentoadults?A.Somedisappearbecausenewconnectionsareformed.B.Somebecomestrengthenedthroughfrequentuse.C.Theyincreaseinnumberbutdecreaseinstrength.D.Theyremainhighlyflexiblethroughoutadulthood.13.Whatdoeshigherbrainplasticitymeantoteenagers?A.Theyhavemoreintelligencethanadults. B.Theyhavearemarkableabilitytolearn.C.Theycanplayaninstrumentbetterthanadults. D.Theyhaveanintenseinterestinlearning.14.HowareteenagersinfluencedbythePFC?A.Theyactwithoutmuchconsideration. B.Theycanmemorisethingsveryquickly.C.Theyexperiencepowerfulemotions. D.Theyadapttonewenvironmentseasily.15.WhatisDrDanielSiegel’sopinion?A.Adolescenceisthemostdifficultperiodoflife.B.Teenagers’braindevelopmentisalreadycomplete.C.Teenagersshouldbegivenmorefreedomandindependence.D.Studyingthedevelopmentofteenagers’brainsbenefitsthem.【答案】12.B13.B14.A15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了神經(jīng)科學(xué)對(duì)青少年大腦的研究，包括神經(jīng)可塑性和前額葉皮層的發(fā)育特點(diǎn)及其影響?！?2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Byadulthood,neuralpathwaysthathavebeenusedfrequentlybecome“fixed”,whereastheless-usedorunusedpathwaysdisappear.Thesestronger“fixed”connectionsenableadultstohavemorecomplexthoughtsandtocarryoutregularactionsmoreeffectively.(到成年后，經(jīng)常使用的神經(jīng)通路變得“固定”，而較少使用或未使用的神經(jīng)通路則消失。這些更強(qiáng)的“固定”連接使成年人有更復(fù)雜的想法，并更有效地執(zhí)行常規(guī)行動(dòng))”可知，隨著個(gè)體從兒童成長(zhǎng)為成年人，經(jīng)常被使用的神經(jīng)通路會(huì)變得“固定”，也就是得到了加強(qiáng)。故選B項(xiàng)。【13題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Itusedtobethoughtthatteenagers’brainsweresimilartoadultsinthisrespect,butresearchhasrevealedthattheteenagebrainstillhastremendous“plasticity”—lessthaninchildhood,butmorethanadults—andsoteenagersarebetteratlearningandmemorisingthingsthanadults.Thismeansthisisagreatagetodevelopnewskillssuchasplayinganinstrument,learningtodriveorspeakinganewlanguage.(過去人們認(rèn)為，青少年的大腦在這方面與成年人相似，但研究表明，青少年的大腦仍然具有巨大的“可塑性”——比兒童時(shí)期少，但比成年人多——因此，青少年在學(xué)習(xí)和記憶方面比成年人更好。這意味著這是一個(gè)培養(yǎng)新技能的好年齡，比如演奏樂器、學(xué)習(xí)開車或說一門新語言)”可知，青少年大腦具有更高的可塑性，這意味著他們比成年人更擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)習(xí)和記憶東西，也就是他們有很強(qiáng)的學(xué)習(xí)能力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Unlikeinadults,theteenagePFCisstilldeveloping,whichexplainswhyteenagerscanbeimpulsive(沖動(dòng)的)andtakerisksandwhytheyfindithardtoconcentrateandmakegoodchoices.(與成年人不同，青少年的PFC仍在發(fā)育中，這就解釋了為什么青少年會(huì)沖動(dòng)、冒險(xiǎn)，以及為什么他們很難集中注意力、做出正確的選擇)”可知，青少年的前額葉皮層（PFC）仍在發(fā)育，這解釋了為什么青少年會(huì)沖動(dòng)、冒險(xiǎn)，也就是他們做事不經(jīng)過太多考慮。故選A項(xiàng)。【15題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“PsychiatristDrDanielSiegelthinkstheteenageyearsareveryexcitingones.Hebelievesthatlearningabouthowtheirbrainsworkhelpsteenagersdeveloptheiremotionalintelligenceandthoughtprocesses,allowingthemtobetheverybestpersontheycanbe.Itseemsthen,thattheteenageyearsaretheidealtimetolearnproblem-solvingandcriticalthinkingskills.(精神病學(xué)家丹尼爾·西格爾博士認(rèn)為青少年時(shí)期是非常令人興奮的時(shí)期。他認(rèn)為，了解大腦是如何工作的有助于青少年發(fā)展他們的情商和思維過程，使他們成為最好的人。因此，青少年時(shí)期似乎是學(xué)習(xí)解決問題和批判性思維技能的理想時(shí)期)”可知，丹尼爾·西格爾博士認(rèn)為青少年時(shí)期很令人興奮，了解他們的大腦如何工作有助于青少年發(fā)展他們的情商和思維過程，讓他們成為最好的自己，也就是研究青少年大腦的發(fā)展對(duì)他們有益。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）.閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Solitude(獨(dú)處)getsabadnamebecauseit’softenequatedwithloneliness.Lonelinessinvolvesbeingisolated(孤立的)despitewantingsocialconnections,whereasbeingalonemeanstakingtimeforyourselfbetweenregularsocialinteractions._____16_____.Youcanalsobealonewithouthavingfeelingsofloneliness.Whiletherearedownsidestoloneliness,researchhasfoundrealbenefitsofdoingthingsalone.Hereareseveraltoconsider.ImproveconcentrationandmemoryWhenyouareworkinginagroup,youmightuselessefforttomemorizeinformation.____17____.Workingonthingsalonecanhelpyoufocusyourattention,whichcanimproveyourmemory.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatgroupsworkingcollaboratively(合作地)torecallinformationperformedworsethanindividualsrecallingthingsontheirown.____18____Spendingtimealonegivesyoutimetofocusonyourinterests.Whenyouaresurroundedbyothers,youmightsetyourownideasandpassionsasidetosatisfytheneedsofyourfriendsandfamily.Takingtimeonyourowngivesyoutheopportunitytomakecreativechoicesandfocusyourattentionwithoutworryingaboutwhatotherpeoplearethinking.BoostcreativityCollaborativebrainstormingisoftenseenasoneofthebestwaystogeneratenewideas.____19____.Whilegroupeffortsareoftenaboutachievingconsensus(共識(shí))andfittinginwiththecrowd,workingaloneencouragesinnovationwithoutaddedsocialpressure.MakeyoumoresympatheticAcertainamountofalonetimecanhelpyouhavegreatersympathyforthepeoplearoundyou.However,trulyspendingtimealoneisn’talwayseasy,especiallywithtechtransformingalonetime.Ifyouarenotabletobecompletelybyyourself,cuttingbackondigitalcommunicationforabrieftimemightbehelpful.____20____.A.PutyourinterestsfirstB.ImproveyourrelationshipsC.YouassumethatothersinthegroupwillfillinthegapsD.AlittleabsencemightreallymaketheheartgrowfonderE.YoucanbelonelyevenwhenyouareinthepresenceofothersF.Astudyfoundteens’emotioninterpretationimprovedafter5device-freedaysG.However,researchshowsindividualssolvetoughproblemsequallywellwhenworkingalone【答案】16.E17.C18.A19.G20.F【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了獨(dú)處的好處，如能提高注意力和記憶力、讓人優(yōu)先關(guān)注自身興趣、激發(fā)創(chuàng)造力、使人更具同情心等?！?6題詳析】上文“Lonelinessinvolvesbeingisolated(孤立的)despitewantingsocialconnections,whereasbeingalonemeanstakingtimeforyourselfbetweenregularsocialinteractions.(孤獨(dú)是指盡管渴望社交聯(lián)系卻仍處于孤立狀態(tài)，而獨(dú)處則意味著在日常社交互動(dòng)之間給自己留出時(shí)間)”對(duì)孤獨(dú)和獨(dú)處進(jìn)行了定義。E選項(xiàng)“Youcanbelonelyevenwhenyouareinthepresenceofothers.(即使你和別人在一起，你也可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú))”與后文“Youcanalsobealonewithouthavingfeelingsofloneliness.(你也可以獨(dú)自一人而不感到孤獨(dú))”構(gòu)成并列結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行一步對(duì)孤獨(dú)和獨(dú)處兩種狀態(tài)進(jìn)行舉例說明，上下文語意一致。故選E項(xiàng)。【17題詳析】上文“Whenyouareworkinginagroup,youmightuselessefforttomemorizeinformation.(當(dāng)你在一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)中工作時(shí)，你可能會(huì)花更少的精力去記憶信息)”指出在小組中工作時(shí)，人們可能會(huì)減少記憶信息的努力。C選項(xiàng)“Youassumethatothersinthegroupwillfillinthegaps(你會(huì)認(rèn)為小組里的其他人會(huì)填補(bǔ)這些空白)”說明人們會(huì)認(rèn)為小組中的其他人會(huì)填補(bǔ)這些空缺，解釋了在小組中為何會(huì)減少記憶信息努力的原因，與上文邏輯緊密。故選C項(xiàng)。【18題詳析】根據(jù)下文“Spendingtimealonegivesyoutimetofocusonyourinterests.(獨(dú)處能讓你有時(shí)間專注于自己的興趣愛好)”可知，表明獨(dú)處能讓人有時(shí)間專注于自己的興趣。A選項(xiàng)“Putyourinterestsfirst(把你的興趣放在首位)”與下文內(nèi)容相契合，說明獨(dú)處能讓自己專注于自己的興趣，是該段落的主題句。故選A項(xiàng)?！?9題詳析】上文“Collaborativebrainstormingisoftenseenasoneofthebestwaystogeneratenewideas.(合作式頭腦風(fēng)暴通常被視為產(chǎn)生新想法的最佳方式之一)”提到合作頭腦風(fēng)暴常被視為產(chǎn)生新想法的最佳方式之一。G選項(xiàng)“However,researchshowsindividualssolvetoughproblemsequallywellwhenworkingalone(然而，研究表明，個(gè)人獨(dú)自工作時(shí)也能同樣出色地解決難題)”通過“However”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，指出研究表明個(gè)人獨(dú)自工作時(shí)也能同樣很好地解決難題，與上文關(guān)于合作的觀點(diǎn)形成對(duì)比，強(qiáng)調(diào)了獨(dú)處的好處，照應(yīng)小標(biāo)題“Boostcreativity(提高創(chuàng)造力)”。故選G項(xiàng)。【20題詳析】上文“Ifyouarenotabletobecompletelybyyourself,cuttingbackondigitalcommunicationforabrieftimemightbehelpful.(如果你不能完全獨(dú)處，暫時(shí)減少數(shù)字通信可能會(huì)有幫助)”提出如果不能完全獨(dú)處，暫時(shí)減少數(shù)字通訊可能會(huì)有幫助。F選項(xiàng)“Astudyfoundteens’emotioninterpretationimprovedafter5devicefreedays(一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，青少年在無電子設(shè)備陪伴的五天后，對(duì)情緒的理解能力有所提高)”舉例說明一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)青少年在無設(shè)備的五天后情緒解讀能力有所提高，這是減少數(shù)字通訊帶來積極效果的例子，與上文邏輯一致。故選F項(xiàng)。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afewyearsago,IceasedmakingdetailedNewYear’sresolutions(決心).Isettled____21____ona“wordoftheyear.”AsIbegan2024,I____22____theword“gift”wouldshapemynewyear.Iplannedtogiveagiftaday.Iwantedtobe____23____withmygiving,sosomegiftswouldtaketimetoprepareandpresent.SomeothergiftsIgave,likehelpingamanreadastorelabel,camenaturally.Eitherway,Ialwaystriedtolookfora(n)____24____toserve.Oneofmymost____25____giftsinvolvedlettingothercustomersgoaheadofmeinlineatthegrocerystore.WhenInoticedapersonstandinginlinebehindmewithonlya(n)____26____,Ispottedachancetoputanother’s____27____beforemyown.____28____theyear,Ispokewithmychildrenaboutmygift-giving,andthey____29____hearingmystories.Sometimesmyboyswouldaskme,“Whatwasyourgifttoday?”O(jiān)nedayatthestore,Iheardmyoldersonwhisperingaboutamanwithjusttwoitemsbehindusinline.Ilookedbehindusto_____30_____,andsureenough,amanstoodtherewithonlytwoitems.Ifelt____31____asIrealizedthatmyboyhadjoinedinonthejoyof____32____.I____33____thecustomerbehindustotakeourplaceinline.Thefewextraminutesof____34____timewereminutes____35____invested.Givingwasmyfavoritegiftof2024becauseIsawmychoicetogivebecamepartofmychildren’slives.21.A.indeed B.instead C.again D.also22.A.tested B.recalled C.feared D.expected23.A.handy B.associated C.intentional D.familiar24.A.exposure B.opportunity C.assistance D.inspiration25.A.repeated B.reported C.simplified D.approved26.A.list B.reminder C.problem D.item27.A.instructions B.efforts C.needs D.habits28.A.Beyond B.Despite C.Except D.Throughout29.A.missed B.considered C.enjoyed D.imagined30.A.check B.focus C.escape D.interrupt31.A.relaxed B.proud C.embarrassed D.nervous32.A.greeting B.tracking C.shopping D.giving33.A.signaledto B.agreedwith C.referredto D.dealtwith34.A.visit B.story C.wait D.leisure35.A.frequently B.wisely C.immediately D.extremely【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.B25.A26.D27.C28.D29.C30.A31.B32.D33.A34.C35.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在新的一年決定每天贈(zèng)送一份禮物，并且這個(gè)習(xí)慣也影響了孩子，孩子開始加入這個(gè)贈(zèng)送的快樂中。【21題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我轉(zhuǎn)而選擇了一年的“關(guān)鍵詞”。A.indeed確實(shí)；B.instead反而，代替；C.again再次；D.also也。根據(jù)前文“IceasedmakingdetailedNewYear’sresolutions”可知，作者不再制定詳細(xì)的新年計(jì)劃，反而選擇了一年的“關(guān)鍵詞”。故選B?！?2題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：隨著2024年的到來，我預(yù)期“禮物”這個(gè)詞將塑造我的新的一年。A.tested測(cè)試；B.recalled回憶；C.feared害怕；D.expected預(yù)期。根據(jù)后文“Iplannedtogiveagiftaday.”可知，作者在做新一年的計(jì)劃，所以是預(yù)期“禮物”這個(gè)詞將塑造自己的新的一年。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我想要有意為之，所以有些禮物需要時(shí)間來準(zhǔn)備和贈(zèng)送。A.handy方便的；B.associated相關(guān)的；C.intentional故意的，有意的；D.familiar熟悉的。根據(jù)后文“sosomegiftswouldtaketimetoprepareandpresent”可知，作者是想有意地贈(zèng)送禮物，所以有些禮物需要時(shí)間來準(zhǔn)備和贈(zèng)送。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：不管怎樣，我總是尋找服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。A.exposure暴露；B.opportunity機(jī)會(huì)；C.assistance幫助；D.inspiration靈感。根據(jù)前文“Iplannedtogiveagiftaday”及后文“serve”可知，作者計(jì)劃每天贈(zèng)送一份禮物，所以是要尋找服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我一年中重復(fù)最多的禮物之一就是在雜貨店排隊(duì)時(shí)讓其他顧客排在我前面。A.repeated重復(fù)；B.reported報(bào)道；C.simplified簡(jiǎn)化；D.approved贊同，滿意。根據(jù)后文“WhenInoticedapersonstandinginlinebehindmewithonlya(n)________,Ispottedachancetoputanother’s________beforemyown.”可知，作者重復(fù)最多的一件禮物就是讓排在他后面的顧客到前面來。故選A。【26題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我注意到一個(gè)只拿了一件商品的人排在我后面時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)把別人的需求放在自己前面的機(jī)會(huì)。A.list清單；B.reminder提醒；C.problem問題；D.item商品。根據(jù)前文“l(fā)ettingothercustomersgoaheadofmeinlineatthegrocerystore”可知，這是在商店購(gòu)物，所以此處指手里只有一個(gè)商品的顧客。故選D。【27題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我注意到一個(gè)只拿了一件商品的人排在我后面時(shí)，我發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)把別人的需求放在自己前面的機(jī)會(huì)。A.instructions指令；B.efforts努力；C.needs需求；D.habits習(xí)慣。根據(jù)前文“l(fā)ettingothercustomersgoaheadofme”可知，作者看到有人排在自己后面，自己可以讓別人先買，也就是把別人的需求放在自己前面。故選C?！?8題詳析】考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：一年到頭，我和孩子們談?wù)撐宜投Y物的故事，他們喜歡聽我的故事。A.Beyond超出；B.Despite盡管；C.Except除了；D.Throughout整個(gè)地，從頭到尾。根據(jù)后文“theyear,Ispokewithmychildrenaboutmygift-giving”可知，作者一年到頭都和孩子們談?wù)撟约核投Y物的故事。故選D?！?9題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一年到頭，我和孩子們談?wù)撐宜投Y物的故事，他們喜歡聽我的故事。A.missed錯(cuò)過；B.considered考慮；C.enjoyed喜歡；D.imagined想象。根據(jù)后文“Sometimesmyboyswouldaskme,“Whatwasyourgifttoday?””可知，孩子們時(shí)不時(shí)會(huì)問作者今天的禮物是什么，說明他們喜歡聽作者講這些故事。故選C。【30題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我回頭看了看，果然，一個(gè)男人站在那里，只有兩件商品。A.check檢查；B.focus集中；C.escape逃跑；D.interrupt打斷。根據(jù)前文“Iheardmyoldersonwhisperingaboutamanwithjusttwoitemsbehindusinline”可知，作者的兒子說有人在他們后面排隊(duì)，只有兩件商品，所以作者回頭去確認(rèn)一下。故選A?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我意識(shí)到我的兒子也加入了給予的快樂時(shí)，我感到很自豪。A.relaxed放松的；B.proud自豪的；C.embarrassed尷尬的；D.nervous緊張的。根據(jù)后文“asIrealizedthatmyboyhadjoinedinonthe