大學(xué)英語六級(jí)模擬試卷343

大學(xué)英語六級(jí)模擬試卷343

一、作文（本題共7題，每題7.0分，共7分。）

1、Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteapassageinthetitleof

BuyingBooksorP,BorrowingBooks.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingthe

outlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.有些人認(rèn)為書應(yīng)該借來看。2.有些人認(rèn)為書應(yīng)該買

來看。3.你的選擇。

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：BuyingBooksorBorrowingBooks?Bookscanarmuswithknowledgeand

informationweneedforsuccessfullives.Therearegenerallytwowaysinwhichwecan

haveaccesstobooks:borrowingorbuying.Manypeoplechoosetoborrowbooks.For

onething,borrowingbookscansaveushugeamountsofmoney.Foranother,ifwe

borrowbooksfromthelibraryorfriends,wcnormallyhavedeadlinetofinishthem.

Consequentlywccanreadmorebooksinalimitedtime,justasafamousChinesesaying

goes,"bookscannotbereadunlessborrowed.1'Someothersbelievethatadvantagesof

buyingbooksarcmoreobviousandcompelling.Firstly,wecankeepthebooksaslongas

wewishandthenreadthemcarefullyorevenoverandoveragain.Secondly,wecantake

whatevernotesonthemarginofthepagesofthebooks.Finally,theprocessofselecting

andkeepingbookscanbeagreatfun.Despitealltheabovearguments,mychoiceisto

borrowbooksforwhichonlyskimmingisenoughandtobuybooksforwhichcareful

readingisneeded.

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

二、快速閱讀理解（本題共70題，每題7.0分，共70

分。）

PrinciplesinJapaneseOrganizationsDuringthe1970sand1980s,Americanmanagers

investedmuchtimeandmoneystudyingJapaneseapproachestomanagementbecauseof

thefinequalityofJapaneseproductsandthegeneralproductivityofiheirorganizations.

WhiletheAmericanandJapaneseculturesdiffersignificantlyinmanyways,itisstill

possibletoexamineJapOnesemanagementanddiscoverseveralrelevantprinciples.

ExtensivestudiesofJapaneseorganizationshavedemonstratedthatJapanesemanagers

stressthefollowing:Bottom-upInitiativeJapanesemanagersbelievethatchangeand

initiativewithinanorganizationshouldcomefromthoseclosesttotheproblem.Sothey

elici【（弓|起）changefrombelow.Top-levelJapanesemanagersseetheirtaskascreating

anatmosphereinwhichsubordinatesaremotivatedtoseekbettersolutions.The

differenceisthatWesternstyledecision-makingproceedsmostlyfromtopmanagement

andoftendoesnotconsultmiddlemanagementortheworkerwhileinJapan,ideascanbe

createdatthelowestlevels,travelupwardthroughanorganizationandhaveanimpacton

theeventualdecision.Thisis"bottomup".TopManagementasMotivatorJapanese

managersdonotviewthemselvesashavingalltheanswers.Whenasubordinatebrings

inaproposakthemanagerneitheracceptsnorrejectsit.Rather,hetactfully,politelyasks

questions,makessuggestions,andprovidesencouragement.MiddleManagementas

ImpetusforandShaperofSolutionsIntheJapanesesystemjunior（middle）managersare

initiatorswhoperceiveproblemsandformulatetentative（嘗試的）solutionsin

coordinationwithothers.Theyarenotfunctionalspecialistswhocarryouttheirboss's

directives.Becausesomuchemphasisisplacedoncoordinationandintegration,'

solutionstoproblemsevolvemoreslowly,buttheyareknownandunderstoodbyall

thosewhohavebeenapartofthesolutiongenerationprocess.Horizontalcommunication

isstressedasessentialto:hecoordinationofproblem-solvingefforts.Consensus（多數(shù)人

的意見）asaWayofMakingDecisionsTheJapanesearclessinclinedtothinkinterms

ofabsolutes,thatis,thesolution（whichisright）versusthealternatives（whicharc

wrong）.Rather,theyrecognizearangeofalternatives,severalofwhichmightworkand

allofwhichpossessadvantagesanddisadvantages.Whenagroupmakesadecision,all

membersbecomecommittedtothechosensolution.FromaJapaneseperspective,that

commitment,andtheensuingdedicationtowardworkingtomakethesolutionsuccessful,

isprobablymoreimportantthantheobjectivequalityofthedecision.TheJapanesehave

aninterestingconceptofconsensus.Thosewhoconsenttoadecisionarenotnecessarily

endorsing（簽署）it.Rather,consentmeansthateachpersonissatisfiedthathispointof

viewhasbeenfairlyheard,andalthoughheorshemaynotwhollyagreethatthedecision

isthebestone,heorsheiswillingtogoalongwithitandevensupportit.Concernfbr

Employees'PersonalWell-beingJapanesemanagershaveakindofpaternalistic（家長試

作風(fēng)的）attitudetowardtheiremployees.Traditionally.Japaneseorganizationshave

offeredtheirworkershousing,extensiverecreationalfacilities,andlifetimeemployment.

TheJapanesebelievethatitisimpossibletodivorceaworker'spersonalandprofessional

lives.Goodmanagersexpressconcernforworkersaspersonswithhomesandfamiliesas

wellasforthequalityoftheproductstheworkersproduce.Managerstypicallywork

alongsidetheirsubordinates,counselthemregardingtheirpersonallives,andencourage

muchpeerinteraction.AdvantageorDisadvantageItisinterestingthatprinciplesthatare

considered,JoymanytobeadvantagesoftheJapanesesystemcanalsobeviewedas

problems,atleastfromanAmericanperspective.Thereisafinelinebetween

encouragingconsensusandforcingit.Whengroupsplacetoomuchemphasisonbeing

agreeableandconformingtoorganizationalexpectations,poorqualitydecisionmakingis

alikelyoutcome.Moreover,theJapanesenotionoftakingcareofemployeescanextend

intoanextremeformofpaternalismwithwhichfewwell-educatedAmericanswouldbe

comfortable.Itisappropriatetoprotectchildrenorotherswhocannotthinkfororlook

afterthemselves.Butprofessionalshardlyfallintothesecategories.MostAmericans

wouldpreferanorganizationalsystemthatmakesitpossibleforthemtofunctionas

mature,intelligenthumanbeings,responsiblefortheirownsecurityandwell-being.

SomeauthorshavesuggestedthatJapanesestylemanagementasadaptedtoAmerican

organizationsislittlemore（hanatoolforevengreatermanagementcontrol.An

employeewhohasalifecommitmenttoaparticularorganization,forinstance,becomes

vulnerable.Sincehedoesnotperceivepracticaloptions,heismorelikelytotolerate

existingworkingconditions,evenifhefindsthemunpleasant.Theemployeeisalso

encouragedtobecomeageneralistratherthanaspecialist.Thus,aperson'sexpertiseina

particularareaisrarelysufficientlydevelopedsothattheorganizationactuallygrowsto

dependonhimorherasanirreplaceableemployee.Instead,substitutesarereadilyfound.

Moreover,shouldanemployeewhohasworkedinthiskindoforganizational

environmentdecidetoabandonhiscommitmenttothisorganizationafterafewyearsof

workingasageneralist,hewouldbepoorlyequippedtomoveintootherAmerican

organizationssincehewouldbecompetingwithspecialists.HardlySuitedtoAmerican

OrganizationsThebodyofresearchonJapaneseorganizationscontinuestogrow.Recent

researchsuggeststhatonecannotgeneralizeaboutJapaneseworkers-thatmalesand

females,youngandold,differintheirdecision-makingstyleandmanagementpreference.

OnestudyreportedthatJapaneseworkersweremorepassivethancommonlythought,

preferringtobepersuadedofthevalueofadecisionbytheirsupervisorovermakingthe

decisionthemselves.However,adifferentstudyfoundthatJapanesemanagersplaceafar

greateremphasisoncorporateparticipationandcooperationthantheirAmerican

counteq?arts.Thus,aconsistentandcoherentviewofJapaneseorganizationsdoesnotyet

exist.Liketheotherapproachestomanagement,theJapaneseapproachisvery

interesting.Inremindingusofthevalueoftheindividual,theneedforconsensus

decisionmaking,andthepotentialofmotivatingmanagement,ithasbeenextremely

useful.Itisnotapanacea（萬能藥），however.Becauseofextremedifferencesbetweenthe

JapaneseandAmericancultures,someJapanesemanagementpracticesaresimplypoorly

suitedtoAmericanorganizations.

2^Japanesemanagerstendtosolveproblemsontheirown.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題的內(nèi)容在文章第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題的第一段：“Top-levelJapanese

managersseetheirtaskascreatinganatmosphereinwhichsubordinatesaremotivatedto

seekbettersolutions.”在日本企業(yè)里，通常是下屬提出解決問題的更好辦法，而不

是管理者。選項(xiàng)與文章大意相矛盾。

3、InJapaneseorganizationscoordinationandintegrationarevaluedmuch.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章的第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題的第四段，從“becausesomuchemphasisisplaced

oncoordinationandintegration,solutionstoproblemsevolvemoreslowly”可以知道,

日本的企業(yè)由于強(qiáng)調(diào)合作和團(tuán)結(jié)，因此解決問題的速度更慢。選項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容一

致。

4、FromaJapaneseperspective,commitmentanddedicationareprobablymore

importantthanthedecisionitselfinadecisionmakingprocess.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：在ConsensusasaWayofMakingDecisions這一部分：“Froma

Japaneseperspective,thatcommitment,andtheensuingdedicationtowardworkingto

makethesolutionsuccessful,isprobablymoreimportantthantheObjectivequalityof

thedecision."從這里我們可以知道，在日本人看來，義務(wù)和對(duì)解決問題的奉獻(xiàn)精

神可能比決策本身客觀效果的好壞更加重要。選項(xiàng)與文章是一致的。

5、Japanesemanagershaveakindofpaternalisticattitudetowardtheiremployees

becausetheyarestrictwiththeemployeesinaparents'way.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容在ConccniforEmployees'PersonalWell-being這一部

分。日本的管理者對(duì)員工實(shí)行家長式管理是指他們對(duì)員工的福利乃至家庭生活都很

關(guān)心，而不是指他們對(duì)員工如家長一般嚴(yán)格。選項(xiàng)與文章大意相矛盾。

6、ManyAmericanorganizationsgobankruptcybecauseofimitatingthecodeof

Japanese.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章的重點(diǎn)是說明日本企業(yè)的管理方法，并和美國的企業(yè)作了?些對(duì)

比。文章始終沒有提到美國企業(yè)效仿日本企業(yè)并導(dǎo)致破產(chǎn)的內(nèi)容。此選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與

本文沒有關(guān)系。

7、TheJapaneseapproachisnotusefulatalltotheAmericanmanagement.

A、Y

B、N

C、NG

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：見最后一部分，雖然由于文化上的巨大差異，日本企、業(yè)的從事原則很

難適應(yīng)美國的企業(yè)，但是日本企業(yè)所崇尚的一些價(jià)值觀念，例如重視個(gè)人價(jià)值，大

多數(shù)人共同決策，鼓勵(lì)員工的管理方法等，對(duì)美國的企業(yè)也是有益處的。選項(xiàng)與文

章相矛盾。

8、InJapan,"bottomup"meansthatideascanbecreatedat,travelupward

throughanorganizationandhaveanimpactontheeventualdecision.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：thelowestlevels

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題的內(nèi)容在文章第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下：“ideascanbecreatedatthelowest

levels,travelupwardthroughanorganizationandhaveanimpactontheeventual

decision.Thisis'bottomup.'自下而上的原則指的是最下層的員工提出意見,再

經(jīng)過組織由下而上傳達(dá)，從而對(duì)最終的決策產(chǎn)生影響的一種方式。

9、InJapanesesystemtheemphasisisplacedon.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：coordinationandintegration

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：見文章的第三個(gè)小標(biāo)題：“Becausesomuchemphasisisplacedon

coordinationandintegration,solutionstoproblemsevolvemoreslowly.”日本的企業(yè)

強(qiáng)凋合作和團(tuán)結(jié)。

10、MostAmericanswouldpreferanorganizationalsysteminwhichtheyare

responsiblefor.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：theirownsecurityandwell-being

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：見文章的Advantageordisadvantage這一部分，“MostAmericans

wouldpreferanorganizationalsystemthatmakesitpossibleforthemtofunctionas

mature,intelligenthumanbeings?responsiblefortheirownsecurityandwell-being.”

11、ArecentstudyreportedthatJapaneseworkerswerethancommonlythought.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：morepassive

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:在文章的最后一部分：“OnestudyreportedthatJapaneseworkerswere

morepassivethancommonlythought,preferringtobepersuadedofthevalueofa

decisionbytheirsupervisorovermakingthedecisionthemselves：”對(duì)T'日本的研究還

在繼續(xù)。新近的研究表明日本人并不像人們以前認(rèn)為的那樣積極，他們更加傾向于

相信上司的決策，而不是他們自己參與決策。

三、聽力短對(duì)話（本題共8題，每題7.0分，共8分。）

12、

Travelalotwhenyoung.

B、Bemoreresponsibleforhishome.

C、Changetheideaofgettingmarried.

D^Madeuphismindtobemarried.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

13、

Theydidn'thaveagoodtalk.

B、Theydecidedtogobyplane.

C、Theyweren'tabletotakeawalk.

D、Theytalkedaboutgeology.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

14、

A^Heisnotinterestedinthebook.

B、He'dliketoreadthebookverymuch.

C、Hehasalreadyreadthebook.

D、Hehasborrowedthesamebook.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

15、

A、Johnwasnotathomewhenthewomancalled.

B、Thewomandialedthewrongnumber.

C^Johnisaplumber.

D、Johnwastoobusytocome.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

16、

A、Thetrainiscrowded.

B、Thetrainislate.

C、Thetrainisempty.

D、Thetrainisonlime.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

17、

A^Shedidn'tthinkitasuccess.

B、Shewaslisteningtooattentivelytothespeakers.

C^Shewaspuzzledbywhatthespeakerssaid.

D、Shehadnothingtosay.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

18、

A、Shethinksitisofinferiorquality.

B、Shethinksitisoverpriced.

C^Shethinksitisabargain.

D、Shethinksitcanbepurchasedacheaperpriceelsewhere.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

19、

A、HeissatisfiedwithwhatMarydid.

B>Hedoesn'tmindwhatMarydid.

C>HehasforgottenthatMaryborrowedhisdictionaryoncebefore.

D^HeisdissatisfiedwithwhatMarydid.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

四、聽力長對(duì)話（含3小題）（本題共3題，每題1.0

分,共3分。）

20、

ANFriends.

B、Apoliceofficerandaninvestigator.

C>Twopoliceofficers.

D、Apoliceofficerandaprogramhostess.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

21、

A、Hisjobasapoliceofficer.

B、Hispersonallife.

C、Howstressfulpatrolworkis.

D、Howpoliceofficeraretaughttodealwithstress.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C:

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

22、

A、Heisanexperiencedpoliceofficer.

B、Hewillquithispresentjobsoonerorlater.

C、Heisagoodsupervisor.

D、Heenjoysbeingapoliceofficer.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

五、聽力長對(duì)話（含4小題）（本題共4題，每題1.0

分,共4分。）

23、

A、Shewillstayhome.

B>ShewillgotheconcertwithAbruzzi.

C、ShewillinviteAbruzzitoaconcert.

D、Shehasnotdecidedyet.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

24、

A、Shedoesn'twanttohurtAbruzzibyrefusingagain.

BNSheisafraidthatshemightloseAbruzzi.

C、Shewantstohaveachangeafterabusyweek.

D、Shecan'tthinkofareasonnottoacceptAbruzzi'sinvitationagain.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A-

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

25、

A^Shehasbeenstudyinglateintonightallweek.

B、Shehasmadeplanstoworklateallweek.

C^ShehasnotbeenfreetogooutwithAbruzziallweek.

D、Shehasbeenbusytidyingupherapartmentallweek.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

26、

A、Abruzziisverypatientanddetermined.

B、Linda'sroommatedoesmostofthecleaningintheirapartment.

C>Lindadoesn'treallycarefbrAbruzzi.

D、Lindalikesconcertbetterthanshows.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

六、聽力短文（含3小題）（本題共6題，每題7.0

分，共6分。）

27、

A、Itmeanstorentahousefbr25years.

B、Itmeanstobuyanoldhouseatalowprice.

C、Itmeanstoborrowmoneyfromabanktobuyahouse.

D、Itmeanstoborrowmoneyformafriendtobuyahouse.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

28、

A、Moneypaidtoabankbeforethemortgageisgiven.

B>Moneyborrowedfromabankasamortgage.

C、Monthlypaymentstobankasthemortgage.

D^Interestchargedbyabankonthemortgage.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

29、

A、Whatsalarytheborrowermakes.

B、Whatkindofjobtheborrowerhas.

C、Whatkindofhousetheborrowerlivesin.

D、Howmuchmoneytheborrowerowns.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

30、

A^Hebelievesthathistoryprofessorarepoorlyprepared.

B、Hebelievesthatmoststudentsarclazy.

C、Hebelievesthatprofessorstailtopresentfactsinaninterestingway.

D、Hebelievesthatmoststudentsfeelthathistoryisawasteoftime.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

31、

A、InBoston.

B>inConcord.

C、InLexington.

D、InBritain.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

32、

A、ThattheBritishwereretreatingtotheCharlesRiver.

ThattheBritishwouldattackbysea.

C、ThattheBritishwerewillingtosignadeclarationofindependence.

D、ThattheBritishhadwonthefirsttwobattlesoftheRevolution.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

七、聽力短文（含4小題）（本題共4題，每題7.0

分,共4分。）

33、

A、Nuclearweapon.

B、Violenceincrime.

C、Livingstandards.

D^Thepopulationoftheelderlypeople.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

34、

A、GrowthofviolenceonIV.

Decreasingofmoralstandards.

C^Destructivethreatfromnuclearexplosives.

D、Alloftheabove.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

35、

A、Peoplearemoreselfish.

B、Peoplearemoredestructive.

C、Peopledon'thavemoralprinciplestofollownow.

D、Peopledowhattheypreachnow.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A'

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

36、

A、Surprised.

B、Confident.

C^Indifferent.

D、Worried.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

八、聽力復(fù)合式聽寫（本題共〃題，每題7.0分，共

〃分。）

Shynessisthecauseofmuchunhappinessforagreatmanypeople.Shypeopleare

anxiousand[Bl];thatis,theyareexcessivelyconcernedwiththeirown

appearanceandactions.[B2]thoughtsareconstantlyoccurringintheirminds:

whatkindofimpressionamImaking?Dotheylikeme?DoIsoundstupid?AmI

wearing[B3]clothes?Itisobviousthatsuchuncomfortablefeelingsmust

affectpeople[B4].Aperson'sself-conceptis[B5]inthewayheor

shebehaves,andthewayapersonbehavesaffectsotherpeople's[B6].In

general,thewaypeoplethinkaboutthemselveshasa[B7]effectonallareasof

theirlives.Shypeopleareverysensitiveto[B8];theyfeelitconfirmstheir

inferiority.[B9].Ashypersonmayrespondtoacomplimentwithastatement

likethisone:"You'rejustsayingthatlomakemefeelgood.Iknowit'snottrue."

[BIO].Canshynessbecompletelyeliminated,oratleastreduced?[Bl1]

.People'sexpectationsofthemselvesmustberealistic.Livingontheimpossible

leadstoasenseofinadequacy.

37、[Bl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：self-conscious

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

38、[B2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Worrisome

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

39、[B3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：unattractive

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

40、[B4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：adversely

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

41、[B5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：reflected

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

42、[B61

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：reactions

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

43、[B7]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：profound

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

44、[B8]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:criticism

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

45、[B9]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：TheyalsofinditdifficulttobepleasedbycomplimentsbecausetheybeJeve

theyareunworthyofpraise

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

46、[B10]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Itisclearthat,whileself-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitis

harmful

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

47、[Bill

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Sinceshynessgoeshandinhandwithlackofself-esteem,itisimportantfor

peopletoaccepttheirweaknessesaswellastheirstrengths

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

九、閱讀(選詞填空)(本題共70題，每題7.0分，共

70分。)

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeans[Cl]

whichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.The

priceofanyparticularproductorserviceis[C2]toabroad,complicated

systemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemsto[C3]moreorlessupon

everythingelse.Ifone[C4]toaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualsto

define"price",manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountof[C5]paidbythe

buyertothesellerofaproductorserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalue

ofaproductorserviceasagreeduponina[C6]transaction.Thisdefinitionis

validas[C7]asitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofprice,muchmorethan

theamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbe

familiarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountand[C8]ofthe

productorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplacealwhichtheexchangewilltake

placeandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsand

discountsthat[C9]tothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,

deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandseller

shouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthat[CIO]thetotal"package"being

exchangedfortheasked-fbramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagiven

price.A)wereE)moneyI)spentM)compriseB)dependF)linkedJ)marketN)

confusingC)doesn'tG)recycleK)supplyO)qualityD)byH)instructionsL)far

48、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

49、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

50、［C3］

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

51、［C4］

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

52、［C5］

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案-E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

53、［C6］

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

54、［C7］

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

55、［C8］

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：O

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

56、［C9J

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

57、［C10J

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

十、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共70題，每題7.0

分,共70分。）

EverypeoplehasitsownspecialwordsandexpressionsliketheAmericanexpression"on

thewagon".Itmeansapersonwhonolongerdrinkswhisky,beerorotherkindsof

alcoholicdrinks.The"wagon"isawaterwagon.Inotherwords,adrinkerhasdecidedto

changefromalcoholtowater.AnOklahomanewspaperwroteaboutamanwhohada

historyofheavydrinkingonAmerica'sFourthofJulyholiday."Webelievedthathis

experiencehadliftedhimontothewaterwagon,buthewasevendrunkerthenextFourth

ofJuly."saidthenewspaper.Whydopeopledecidetogoonthewagon?Well,usually

becausetheyarealcoholics.Theylosecontrolofthemselveswhentheydrink.Iftheytake

onealcoholicdrink,thentheywanttodrinkanother,andanother,untilallthoughtis

gone.Alcoholismisamajorsocialproblemincountriesthroughouttheworld.The

UnitedStatesisnoexception.ExpertsbelievethatseveralmillionAmericansare

alcoholicstoday.Theirhealthcareneeds,caraccidents,reducedjobperformanceand

otherproblemscostthousandsofmillionsofdollarseveryyear.Intheearly1900s,many

AmericansjoinedinacampaigntomakealcoholillegalintheUnitedStates.In1920an

amendment（修正案）wasaddedtotheConstitution.Itmadedrinkingorsellingalcohola

crime.Butthenewlawdidnotstoppeoplefromdrinking.Criminalsproducedor

importedalcoholillegallyandsolditalmosteverywhere.AfterafewyearsAmericans

realizedtheso-calledProhibitionLawdidnotwork.Soin1933anotherconstitutional

changewasmade,cancelingtheamendmentthatmadealcoholillegal.Inrecentyears

Americanshavetakenotherstepstodealwiththeproblemofalcohol.Oneimportant

actionhadbeentoincreasethepunishmentforpeoplewhodrivetheirautomobilesafter

drinkingalcohol.Manystatesnowconsiderthistobeaseriouscrime.Anotherimportant

stephasbeentoexplainto:childrenandstudentsthedangersofalcohol.Manyschools

nowofferspecialprogrammestoteachyoungpeopleabouttheproblem.Doctorshave

beenworkingtodevelopnewdrugsandtreatmentprogrammestohelpalcoholics.

Finally,alcoholicsthemselvesaredealingwiththeproblemofalcoholism.Manyofthem

have"goneonthewagon'andstoppeddrinking.TheyhavejoinedtheAlcoholics

Anonymousgroupmeetingregularlytodiscusstheirproblemsandgiveeachother

suppon."Goingonthewagon"isnottheonlywaytoconqueralcoholism,butmost

alcoholicsayitisthebestway.Theymustgiveupalcoholcompletelysotheirownbody

andspiritcansurvive.

58、Peopledecideto29onthewagonbecause.

A^theylikehavingonedrinkafteranother

B、theyfeartolosetheirself-controlindrinkingagain

C、theyenjoythekindofdrinkstheygetonthewagon

D^theyarealcoholicsandcannotcontrolthemselveswell

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：見原文第：段，“Whydopeopledecidetogoonthewagon?Well,

usuallybecausetheyarealcoholics.Theylosecontrolofthemselveswhenthey

drink.”（人們?yōu)槭裁礇Q定戒酒?通常是因?yàn)樗麄兪切锞普?。?dāng)他們飲酒時(shí)，他們往

往無法控制自我。）因此D為正確選項(xiàng)。

59、Americansarenowtakingstepstosolvetheproblemofalcoholismby.

A、givingcoursestoteachdoctorsaboutdrugsandtreatmentsforalcoholics

B、teachingyoungstudentshowtodrivesafelyafterdrinkingalcohol

C、punishingpeoplemoreheavilyfordrivingafterdrinkingalcohol

D、decreasingtheamountofalcoholdrunkbydrivers

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：見原文最后一段，“Oneimportantactionhadbeentoincreasethe

punishmentforpeoplewhodrivetheirautomobilesafterdrinkingalcohol.”（一個(gè)非常

重要的舉措是增加對(duì)那些酒后開車者的處罰。）因此C為正確選項(xiàng)。

60、IntheUnitedStatestoday.

A、alcoholismhascausedamillionautomobileaccidentsayear

therearenomorethanamillionalcoholics

C、theproblemofalcoholismcoststhousandsofmillionsofdollarseveryyear

D、alcoholismisnotamajorsocialproblem

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：見原文第三段最后一句，4tTheirhealthcareneeds,caraccidents,

reducedjobperformanceandotherproblemscostthousandsofmillionsofdollarsevery

year.”（他們的健康醫(yī)療支出，交通事故，工作水準(zhǔn)的下降和其他問題每年要耗費(fèi)

幾十億美元。）這里的叮heir”指酗酒者。因此C為正確選項(xiàng)。

61、Alcoholismwillcausethefollowingproblemsexcept.

A^badhealth

B、trafficaccidents

C、poorjobperformance

D^socialorder

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第三段中明確指出了嗜酒會(huì)引起一些問題，經(jīng)過仔細(xì)閱讀便可以確定

D為正確答案。

62、WhywastheProhibitionLawcancelledfinally?Because.

A、itproducedmorecriminalsandillegalimportofalcohol

B、peopleobjectedthelaw

C、alcoholismcouldn^besolved

D、peopledidn'trealizethebadinfluence

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：見第三段中"Criminalsproducedorimportedalcoholillegallyandsoldit

almosteverywhere.”正確答案是A。

AlthoughweAmericansinrecentdecadeshavegrownricher,ourchildrenhavegrown

poorer.Manyfamiliesnolongeradequatelyperformthenurturingandsupporting

functionthatchildrenneed,emotionallyandintellectually.Theevilconsequencesfor

childrenarenotindispute.Therateofsuicideamongchildrenagedtentofourteenis

twiceashighasitwastwentyyearsago.Forchildrenagedfifteentonineteen,therate

hastripled.Since1983,crimesbychildrenhavebeenrisingatafasterratethanthe

juvenilepopulation.Abouthalfofsuchcrimesinvolvethetraditionalyouthfuloffenses

oftheft,breakingandentering,andvandalism,butserious,violentcrimes,thoughstill

involvingarelativelysmallproportionofchildren,aregoingupatastartlingrate,The

rateofarmedrobbery,rape,andmurderbyjuvenileshasdoubledinadecade.TheSenate

JuvenileDelinquencySubcommitteesurveyed750schooldistrictsandreportedthe

followingchangesbetween1990and1993.Dropoutsincreasedby11percent.Drugand

alcoholoffensesonschoolpropertywereup37percent.Burglariesofschoolbuildings

wereup11percentandassaultsonteachersup77percent.Amongthosewhoarethought

ofas"normal"children,lowerreadingscoresandscholasticaptitudescoresreveal

intellectualimpoverishment.Beyondallthisloomtheapathyandwasteofthe

counterculture.Itsexistenceisnolongernews,butitsranksarcstillswelledeachyearby

thousandsofpatheticrunawaysand,dropouts.Whatforcesareproducingthe

increasinglyseverestressesontoday'schildren?Thephenomenoniscomplexand

baffling,butseveraldevelopmentsseemtobeinteracting.Urbanizationisafactor.

Childrenwhomighthavemadeitonafarmorinavillage,despiteadversefamily

circumstancessuchasextremepovertyorafather'sdesertion,encounterdisasterinabig

citywithitsanonymityanddiversetemptations.Birthsbyunwedmothersanddivorce,

twotrendsthatarebothrisingsteadily,resultindeprivingchildrenofthestable,two

parentsupportthattheyneedintheirgrowingyears.Oneoutofeverysixchildrenunder

eighteentodayislivinginasingle-parentfamily.Thisisalmost