2024年高考北京卷英語真題

2024年一般高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試

英語（北京卷）

第一部分:學問運用（共兩節(jié),45分）

第一節(jié)單項填空（共15小題;每小題1分,共15分）

從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳

選項，

并在答題卡上:將該項涂黑。

例：it'ssonicetohearfromheragain,welastmet

morethanthirtyyearsago.

A.what'smore

B.That'stosay

C.Inotherwords

D.Believeitornot

答案是九

1.-Hi,T'mPeter.Areyounewhere?Ihaven，tseenyou

around?

-Hello,Peter.I'mBob.IjustonMonday.

A.start

B.havestarted

C.started

D.hadstarted

2.wedon，tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsand

plantsintheworldwillbegone.

A.Although

B.While

C.If

D.Until

3.alongtheoldSilkRoadisaninterestingand

rewardingexperience

A.Travel

B.Traveling

C.Havingtraveled

D.Traveled

4.Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandasavolunteer

intheneighborhood,whenIvisitedherlastyear

A.isworking

B.wasworking

C.hasworked

D.hadworked

5.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,helpsthemkeepfit

A.which

B.who

C.as

D.that

6.DuringtheMid-AutumnFestival,familymembersoften

gathertogetherameal,admirethemoonandenjoymoon

cakes.

A.share

B.toshare

C.havingshared

D.shared

7.China'shigh-speedrailwaysfrom9,000to25,000

kilometersinthepastfewyears.

A.aregrowing

B.havegrown

C.willgrow

D.hadgrown

8.Inanyunsafesituation,simplythebuttonanda

highly-trainedagentwi11getyouthehelpyouneed.

A.press

B.topress

C.pressing

D.pressed

9.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho

inthemountainsfortwodays.

A.aretrapping

B.havebeentrapped

C.weretrapping

D.hadbeentrapped

10.Ordinarysoap,correctly,candealwithbacteria

effectively.

A.used

B.touse

C.using

D.use

11.Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewearenow.

A.how

B.when

C.where

D.why

12.Tntoday'sinformationage,thelossofdatacause

seriousproblemsforacompany.

A.need

B.should

C.can

D.must

13.Theymighthavefoundabetterhoteliftheyafew

morekilometers.

A.drove

B.wou1ddrive

C.weretodrive

D.haddriven

14.-Goodmorning,Mr.lee'soffice.

-Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointmentnext

Wednesdayafternoon.

A.for

B.on

C.in

D.at

15.Thisismyfatherhastaughtme-toalwaysface

difficultiesandhopeforthebest.

A.how

B.which

C.the

D.what

其次節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）

閱讀下面短文，駕馭其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個

選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

TheHomelessHero

Formany,findinganunattendedwalletfilledwith￡400

incashwouldbeasource（來源）oftemptation（誘惑）.Butthe

16wouldnodoubtbegreaterifyouwerelivingonthestreets

withlittlefoodandmoney.Allofthismakestheactionsof

thehomelessTomSmith17moreremarkable.

Afterspottinga18onthefrontseatinsidea

parkedcarwithitswindowdown,hestoodguardintherainfor

abouttwohourswaitingforthe19toreturn.

Afterhoursinthecoldandwet,he20insideand

pulledthewalletouthopingtofindsomeIDsohecouldcontact

（聯(lián)系）thedriver,onlyto21itcontained￡400innotes,

withanother￡50insparechangebesideit.

Hethentookthewallettoanearbypolicestationafter

22anotebehindtolettheownerknowitwassafe.Whenthe

car'sownerJohnAndersonandhiscolleagueCarolLawrence

returnedtothecar-whichwasitselfworth￡35,000—inGlasgow

citycentre,theywere23tofindtwopolicemenstanding

nexttoit.ThepolicementoldthemwhatMr.Smithdidandthat

thewalletwas24.

ThepairwerelaterabletothankMr.Smithforhis_

25.

Mr.Andersonsaid："〃Icouldn'tbelievethattheguy

nevertookapenny.Tothinkheissleepingonthestreets

tonight26hecouldhavestolenthemoneyandpaidfora

placetostayin.Thisguyhasnothingand27hedidn'ttake

thewalletforhimself；hethoughtaboutothers28it's

unbelievable.Itjustprovesthereare29guysoutthere.”

Mr.smith,sact30muchofthepublic,sattention.

HealsowonpraisefromsocialmediausersafterMr.Anderson

31abouttheactofkindnessonFacebook.

NowMr.Andersonhassetupanonlinecampaignto32

moneyfor

Mr.Smithandotherhomelesspeopleinthearea,whichby

yesterdayhadreceived￡8,000.“Ithinkthefaiththat

everyonehasshown33himhastouchedhim.Peoplehavebeen

approachinghiminthestreet;he，shaTjob34andal1

sorts,"Mr.Andersoncommented.

ForMr.Smith,thisisapossiblelife-changing35,

Thestoryonceagaintellsusthatonegoodturndeserves

another.

16.

A.hope

B.aim

C.urge

D.effort

17.

A.still

B.even

C.ever

D.once

18.

A.wallet

B.bag

C.box

D.parcel

19.

A.partner

B.colleague

C.owner

D.policeman

20.

A.turned

B.hid

C.stepped

D.reached

21.

A.discover

B.collect

C.check

D.believe

22.

A.taking

B.leaving

C.reading

D.writing

23.

A.satisfied

B.excited

C.amused

D.shocked

24.

A.safe

B.missing

C.found

D.seen

25.

A.service

B.support

C.kindness

D.encouragement

26.

A.when

B.if

C.where

D.because

27.

A.rather

B.yet

C.already

D.just

28.

A.too

B.though

C.again

D.instead

29.

A.honest

B.polite

C.rich

D.generous

30.

A.gave

B.paid

C.cast

D.drew

31.

A.learned

B.posted

C.cared

D.heard

32.

A.borrow

B.raise

C.save

D.earn

33.

A.of

B.at

C.for

D.in

34.

A.details

B.changes

C.offers

D.applications

35.

A.lesson

B.adventure

C.chance

D.challenge

其次部分:閱讀理解（共兩節(jié),40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題:每小題2分,共30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、DI四個選項中，選出最仁選

項，并

在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

A

MyFirstMarathon（馬拉松）

Amonthbeforemyfirstmarathon,oneofmyankleswas

injuredandthismeantnotrunningfortwoweeks,leavingme

onlytwoweekstotrain.Yet,Iwasdeterminedtogoahead.

1rememberbacktomy7thyearinschocl.InmyfirstP.E.

class,theteacherrequiredustorunlapsandthenhita

softball.Ididn，tdoeitherwell.Helaterinformedmethat

Iwas“notathletic”.

TheideathatIwas"notathletic〃stuckwithmeforyears.

WhenIstartedrunninginmy30s,Irealizedrunningwasabattle

againstmyself,notaboutcompetitionorwhetherornotIwas

athletic.Itwasallaboutthebattleagainstmyownbodyand

mind.Atestofwills!

Thenightbeforemymarathon,IdreamtthatIcouldn，teven

findthefinishline.Iwokeupsweatingandnervous,butready

toprovesomethingtomyself.

Shortlyaftercrossingthestartline,myshoelaces（鞋

帶）becameuntied.SoIstoppedtoreadjust.NotthestartI

wanted!

Atmile3,Ipassedasign:"GOFORIT,RUNNERS!

Bymile17,Ibecameoutofbreathandtheonceinjuredankle

hurtbadly.Despitethepain,Istayedthecoursewalkingabit

andthenrunningagain.

Bymile21,Iwasstarving!

AsIapproachedmile23,1couldseemywifewavingasign.

Sheismybiggestfan.Shenevermindedthealarmclocksounding

at4a.m.orquestionedmyexpensesonrunning.

Iwasoneofthefinalrunnerstofinish.ButIfinished!

AndIgotamedal.Infact,Igotthesamemedalastheonethat

theguywhocameinfirstplacehad.

Determinedtobemyself,,moveforward,freeofshameand

worldlylabels（世俗標簽），Icannowcallmyselfa"marathon

winner.

36.Amonthbeforethemarathon,theauthor_.

A.waswelltrained

B.feltscared

C.madeuphismindtorun

D.Losthope

37.WhydidtheauthormentiontheP.E.classinhis7th

year?

A.Toacknowledgethesupportofhisteacher.

B.Toamusethereaderswithafunnystory.

C.Toshowhewasnottalentedinsports.

D.Toshareapreciousmemory.

38.Howwastheauthor*sfirstmarathon?

A.Hemadeit.

B.Hequithalfway.

C.Hegotthefirstprize.

D.Hewalkedtotheend.

39.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?

A.Amanoweshissuccesstohisfamilysupport.

B.Awinnerisonewithagreateffortofwill.

C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess.

D.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.

B

FindYourAdventureattheSpaceandAviation(航空)Center

Ifyou'relookingforauniqueadventure,theSpaceand

AviationCenter(SAC)istheplacetobe.TheCenteroffers

programsdesignedtochailengeandinspirewithhands-ontasks

andlotsoffun.

Morethan750,000havegraduatedfromSAC,withmanyseeking

employmentinengineering,aviation,education,medicineand

awidevarietyofotherprofessions.Theycometocamp,wanting

toknowwhatitisliketobeanastronautorapilot,andthey

leavewithreal-worldapplicationsforwhatthey,restudying

intheclassroom.

Forthetrainees,theprogramsalsoofferagreatway

toearnmeritbadges（榮譽徽章）.AtSpaceCamp,traineescan

earntheirSpaceExplorationbadgeastheybuildandfiremodel

rockets,learnaboutspacetasksandtrysimulated（模擬）

flyingtospacewiththecrewfromallovertheworld.The

AviationChallengeprogramgivestraineesthechancetoearn

theirAviationbadge.Theylearntheprinciplesofflightand

testtheiroperatingskillsinthecockpit（駕駛艙）ofavariety

offlightsimulators.Traineesalsogetagoodstartontheir

WildernessSurvivalbadgeastheylearnaboutwater-and

land-survivalthroughdesignedtasksandtheirsearchand

rescueof“downed"pilot.

Withalltheprograms,teamworkiskeyastraineeslearn

theimportanceofleadershipandbeingpartofabiggertask.

Allthisfunisavailableforages9to18.Familiescan

enjoytheexperiencetogether,too,withFamilyCampprograms

forfami1ieswithchi1drenasyoungas7.

Stayanhourorstayaweek-thereissomethingherefor

everyone!

Formoredetails,pleasevisitusonlineat

oursac.

40.WhydopeoplecometoSAC?

A.Toexperienceadventures.

B.Tolookforjobsinaviation.

C.Togetadegreeinengineering.

D.Tolearnmoreaboutmedicine.

41.ToearnaSpaceExplorationbadge,atraineeneeds

to.

A.flytospace.

B.getanAviationbadgefirst.

C.studytheprinciplesofflight.

D.bui1dandfiremodelrockets.

42.Whatisthemostimportantfortrainees?

A.Leadership.

B.Teamspirit.

C.Taskplanning.

D.Survivalskills.

C

Plastic-EatingWorms

Humansproducemorethan300milliontensofplasticevery

year.Almosthalfofthatwindsupinlandfills（垃圾填埋場）,

andupto12miIliontonspollutetheoceans.qSofarthereis

noeffectivewaytogetridofit,butanewstudysuggestsan

answermaylieinthestomachsofsomehungryworms.

ResearchersinSpainandEnglandrecentlyfoundthatthe

wormsofthegreaterwaxmothcanbreakdownpolyethylene,which

accountsfor40%ofplastics.Theteamleft100waxwormson

acommercialpolyethyleneshoppingbagfor12hours,andthe

wormsconsumedandbrokedownabout92milligrams,oralmost

3%ofit.Toconfirmthattheworms'chewingalonewasnot

responsibleforthepolyethylenebreakdown,the

researchersmadesomewormsintopaslc（糊狀物）andapplied

ittoplasticfilms.14hourslaterthefilmshadlost13%of

theirmass-apparent]ybrokendownbyenzymes（酶）fromthe

worms'stomachs.TheirfindingswerepublishedinCurrent

Biologyin2024.

FedericaBertocchini,co-authorofthestudy,saysthe

worms*abilitytobreakdowntheireveryday

food-beeswax-alsoallowsthemtobreakdownplastic"Waxis

acomplexmixture,butthebasicbondinpolyethylene,the

carbon-carbonbond,isthere

aswell,〃sheexplains."Thewaxwormevolvedamethodor

systemtobreakthisbond.〃

JenniferDebruyn,amicrobiologistattheUniversityof

Tennessee,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysitisnot

surprisingthatsuchwormscanbreakdownpolyethylene.But

comparedwithpreviousstudies,shefindsthespeedofbreaking

downinthisoneexciting.Thenextstep,DeBruynsays,will

betoidentifythecauseofthebreakdown.Isitanenzyme

producedbythewormitselforbyitsgutmicrobes（腸道微生

物）？

Bcrtocchiniagreesandhopeshertcam,sfindingsmightone

dayhelpemploytheenzymetobreakdownplasticsinlandfills.

Butsheexpectsusingthechemicalinsomekindofindustrial

process-notsimply"millionsofwormsthrownontopofthe

plastic.”

43.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewormsinthestudy?

A.Theytakeplasticsastheireverydayfood.

B.Theyarenewlyevolvedcreatures.

C.Theycanconsumeplastics.

D.Theywindupinlandfills.

44.AccordingtoJenniferDeBruyn,thenextstepofthe

studyisto_.

A.identifyothermeansofthebreakdown

B.findoutthesourceoftheenzyme

C.confirmtheresearchfindings

D.increasethebreakdownspeed

45.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatthe

chemicalmight_.

A.helptoraiseworms

B.helpmakeplasticbags

C.beusedtocleantheoceans

D.beproducedinfactoriesinfuture

46.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Toexplainastudymethodonworms.

B.Tointroducethedietofaspecialworm.

C.Topresentawaytobreakdownplastics.

D.Toproposenewmeanstokeepeco-balance.

D

PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemed

likeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializinginthe

realworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCalifornia

DepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilfor

companiestotesttrulyself-drivingcarsonpublicroads.The

statealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellorrentout

self-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxi

services.California,itshouldbenoted,isn，tloadingtheway

here.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehiclesincities

acrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhen

driverlesscarswillbeeverywhereonourroads.Buthowever

longittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeour

transportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,

dependingonhowthetransformationisregulated.

Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthe

safetyofdriver!esscars(andrightfullyso),policymakers

alsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelp

reducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermore

convenient,affordable

mobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisa

chancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentally

friendlyandmoreshared.

Dowewanttocopy-orevenworsen-thetrafficoftoday

withdriverlesscars?Imagineafuturewheremostadultsown

individualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slow

journeystoandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycan

work,entertainthemselvesorsleepontheride,which

encouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoan

appointmentandsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuilding

toavoidpayingforparking.Insteadofwalkingafewblocks

topickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendthe

self-drivingminibus.Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeople

totakepublictransportanunwelcomesideeffect

researchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（叫車）

services.

AstudyfromtheLnivorsityofCaliforniaatDavissuggested

thatreplacingpetrol-poweredprivatecarsworldwidewith

electric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbon

emissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostof

transportationinfrastructure

（基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsand

cheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.Thefirstcommercially

availabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedby

ride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-driving

technologyaswe11asliabilityandmaintenanceissues（責任

與維護問題）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthe

pricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththe

technology.

Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowto

makesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn，textend

theworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystem

wehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresents

achanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportation

systemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,and

moreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejust

havetoplanforit.

47.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidto

howdriverlesscarscan.

A.helpdealwithtransportation-relaiedproblems

B.providebetterservicestocustomers

C.causedamagetoourenvironment

D.makesomepeoplelosejobs

48.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor,smajor

concern?

A.Safety.

B.Sideeffects.

C.Affordability.

D.Management.

49.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded“inParagraph

4probablymean?

A.Employed.

B.Replaced.

C.Shared.

D.Reduced.

50.Whatistheauthor,sattitudetothefutureof

self-drivingcars?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Sympathetic

其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）

依據(jù)短義內(nèi)容，從短義后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的

最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

WhyDoWeGetAngry?

Angerseemssimplewhenwearefeelingit,butthe

causesofangerarevarious.Knowingthesecausescanmakeus

examineourbehavior,andcorrectbadhabits.Themainreasons

wegetangryaretriggering（觸發(fā)）events,personalitytraits

（特征），andourassessmentofsituations.51

Triggeringeventsforangeraresomanythattodescribe

themallwouldtakehundredsofpages.However,herearesome

examples:beingcutoffintraffic,adeadlineappro