寧夏石嘴山市2024-2025學年高一上學期期末教學質(zhì)量檢測英語試題

石嘴山市2024—2025學年第一學期高一年級教學質(zhì)量檢英語試卷(考試時間120分鐘;滿分150分)注意事項：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準考證號碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準確粘貼在考生信息碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，工整、筆跡清楚。3.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出，確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)做題時，先將答案標在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有：題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.15.C.￡9.18.答案是B。1.WhatkindoffruitdoesAdam,likebest?A.Apples.B.Oranges.C.Pears.2.WhydoesthemancallOlivia?AToinvitehertoaparty.B.Topostponeanappointment.C.Toaskaboutthehomework.3.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodonext?A.Gotothehospital.B.WaitforMark.C.Haveameeting.4.Whatwilltheweatherbelikethisafternoon?A.Rainy.B.Cloudy.C.Sunny.5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Anewmeasure.B.Citytraffic.C.Acaraccident.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C選項中選出最佳選項，并標在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。6.WheredidCindygrowup?A.InGermany.B.InEngland.C.InPoland.7.WhydidCindyetoBeijing?A.Forwork.B.Forstudy.C.Forsightseeing.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.HowoldisClarknow?A.10.B.12.C.22.9.WhatwillClarkdoinNewZealandinSeptember?A.Receivesometraining.B.Visithisfamily.C.Takeaholiday.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatisthebookmainlyabout?A.Awriter.B.Aparrot.C.Anartist.11.Whodrewpicturesforthebook?AAmyGuglielmo.B.BrettHelquist.C.Cezanne.12.Howdoesthemanfeelafterreadingthebook?A.Shocked.BDisappointed.C.Inspired.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13WhatisJennifer?A.Amanager.B.AstudentC.Atourguide.14.WhatwillJenniferdofirstthissummer?A.Takeatripabroad.B.Visithergrandparents.C.Dosomevolunteerwork.15Whatsubjectwillthemanprobablyteach?A.Geography.B.English.C.Science.16.WhenwillthemanfinishhisworkinNepal?A.OnJuly23rd.B.OnJuly16th.C.OnJuly10th.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whoneedsababysitternow?A.Thespeaker’srelative.B.Thespeaker’sfriend.C.Thespeaker’sneighbor.18.Wheredothecouplemostprobablywork?A.Atarestaurant.B.Atahospital.C.Atschool.19.Whendoesthebabysitterneedtowork?A.Inthemorning.B.Intheafternoon.C.Intheevening.20.Whatarethecouplelikeaccordingtothespeaker?A.Serious.B.Easygoing.C.Interesting.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ASTATravel,theworld’slargeststudentsandyouthtravelagency,beatsanyprice!Everydaywe’reworkingwithourpartnersaroundtheglobetogetyou(students,teachersandanyoneunder26)thecheapestandmostfortableflightsandtopratedacmodations.Thispartofprovidesgreattipsforgreentravelhowtopack,howtoleaveyourhouseorapartment,andhowtoplanforyourtrips.You’llalsofindagreatselectionofgreentraveladventuretripstoallcornersoftheworld.Greentravelmeansresponsibletravel!Leaveaslittleinfluenceaspossibleontheplacesyouvisitandprotecttheenvironmentbothathomeandduringyourtrip.Think“Green”whenyoupackandwhenyoutravel.You’llhelppreventlongtermeffectsonthemunitiesyouleaveandvisit!Here’ssomeadviceonhowtodothat.BeforeyouleaveTurnyourwaterheatertoitslowestsetting.Turnoffyourwaterfromtheoutside.Unplug(拔去……的插頭)electronicsandappliances.WhileyoutravelPackecofriendlyclothesinyourecofriendlyluggage.Don’tbuysouvenirsproducedfromendangeredspecies:shells,feathers,oranimalskins.Carryareusablebottleforwaterandrefillitasyougo.1.Greentravelerscaremostabout_________.A.Flight B.acmodations C.nature D.prices2.Whatarethereadersadvisedtodobeforetheygoonatrip?A.Trytoleavelittleinfluenceontheplacestheyvisit.B.Makesuretheelectronicsandappliancesarepluggedin.C.Examinethewaterquality.D.Examinethewatersupply.3.Wherecanwemostprobablyreadthetext?A.Onatravelwebsite. B.Inatravelmagazine.C.Onanenvironmentalwebsite. D.Inanenvironmentalmagazine.【答案】1.C2.D3.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界上最大的學生青年旅行社。它幫助游客制造一個無污染的綠色環(huán)保旅行，并就如何做到綠色旅行提出了幾條建議?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“Leaveaslittleinfluenceaspossibleontheplacesyouvisitandprotecttheenvironmentbothathomeandduringyourtrip.(盡量減少對你所參觀的地方的影響，并在家中和旅途中保護環(huán)境。)”可知，綠色旅行者最關(guān)心的是保護大自然。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Beforeyouleave部分中的“Turnyourwaterheatertoitslowestsetting.Turnoffyourwaterfromtheoutside.(把熱水器調(diào)到最低設(shè)置。關(guān)掉外面的水龍頭。)”可知，旅行之前讀者被建議檢查水源。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第一段中“Thispartofstatravelprovidesgreattipsforgreentravel—howtopack,howtoleaveyourhouseorapartment,andhowtoplanforyourtrips.(statravel的這一部分為綠色旅行提供了很好的建議——如何打包，如何離開你的房子或公寓，以及如何計劃你的旅行。你也會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個偉大的選擇綠色旅行冒險旅行到世界的各個角落。)”可知，文章主要介紹了世界上最大的學生青年旅行社，它幫助游客制造一個無污染的綠色環(huán)保旅行，并就如何做到綠色旅行提出了幾條建議。故我們可以在旅游網(wǎng)站上讀到這篇文章。故選A。BWhenHelenaBonhamCarterwalkedontothesetof2012’sDarkShadowsmovie,shehadstrongunpleasantsmellofbourbonwhiskeyandcigarettes.Hercharactersmokedanddrankcontinuously,butBonhamCarterdidn’tsmokeordrink;shehadsimplywornperfume(香水)createdspecificallyforherbyperfumerAzziGlasser.Glasserhasalsofashionedadarkblendoffoxglove,poisonhemlockandbelladonnaforBellatrixLestrangeintheHarryPotterfilms,achocolatechiliscentedperfumefortheRedQueencharacterinAliceinWonderlandandwhatGlasserdescribesasamixtureof“old,crackedsoap”fortheroleofMissHavishamin2012’sGreatExpectations.Theperfumerbelievesthatperfumehelpstotrulyunderstandthemostimportantpartofacharacter.“We’llmeetuptotalkabouttherole,thestyling,whothedirectoris,whotheotheractorsare,thespace,atmosphere,wheretheymightbefilming,whetheritwillbecoldorhot.Therearemanynecessarypartsatplay.I’llthengoandstarttestingandmakingslightchangesuntiltheperfumeisabsolutelyperfect,”saidGlasserwhocanspendanythingfromaweektothreemonthstocreateacustommadeperfume.Azzibelievesthateachplaceisunique,andherheightenedsenseofsmellcanpickupeventhemostunnoticeablenotestohelpherdesigntheperfectsmelltostressguests’experience.Sheevencreatedaperfumeforherownhome:“Mykids’friendsloveingtoourhome.Theyoftenjokethattheylovethewaytheysmellwhenleaving.”“Havingaperfumethatismadeespeciallyforyou,whichyouloveandthosearoundyouenjoyandwhichcreatesapersonalstyleandmemoriesforyearstoe,isakindofpleasureinlife,”Glassersaid.Andtheresultslastalifetime—theideaisthatthissmellwillbeeyoursignature(鮮明特色)forlife.“Thehappinessthatitbringstopeoplewhentheyhavetheirowncustommadeperfumeforlife—whetheryouareatopHollywoodactor,amodel,anartistorthegirlorboynextdoor—isafantasticfeelingformetolivewith.IfeelthatIamaddingsomesortofvaluetopeople’slives,whichisoneofthereasonswhyIlovewhatIdoandlovethelifeIlive.”4.WhydoestheauthormentionHelenaBonhamCarterinparagraph1?A.Totalkaboutthemovie. B.Toadvertisethespecialperfume.C.Toleadintheperfumer. D.Toshowtheharmofwhiskeyandcigarettes.5.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Differentpeopletheperfumermeetsup.B.Muchefforttheperfumerputsintomakingaperfume.C.Considerabletimespentinunderstandingthecharacter.D.Manyimportantpartsincludedinacustommadeperfume.6.WhatdoweknowaboutAzziGlasser?A.Shebelievestheboynextdoorsenseslesshappinessbroughtbyperfume.B.Herkid’sfriendsoftenbuycustommadeperfumeatherhome.C.Addingvaluetopeople’slivesisthemostimportantreasonwhyshelovesherjob.D.Theunnoticeablenoteshelpherdesignthepersonalizedsmelltostrengthenguests’experience.7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAzziGlasser?A.Fashionableandloving. B.Creativeandconsiderate.C.Responsibleandprofessional. D.Consistentandproud.【答案】4.C5.B6.D7.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了為眾多電影角色調(diào)制私人定制香水的調(diào)香師阿齊?格拉瑟以及她的理念：專屬香水會讓人感到滿足，也會成為一個人一生的鮮明特色?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“WhenHelenaBonhamCarterwalkedontothesetof2012’sDarkShadowsmovie,shehadstrongunpleasantsmellofbourbonwhiskeyandcigarettes.Hercharactersmokedanddrankcontinuously,butBonhamCarterdidn’tsmokeordrink;shehadsimplywornperfume(香水)createdspecificallyforherbyperfumerAzziGlasser.(當海倫娜·伯翰·卡特走進2012年電影《黑影》的拍攝現(xiàn)場時，她身上散發(fā)著波旁威士忌和香煙的強烈難聞氣味。她的角色不停地抽煙喝酒，但伯翰·卡特既不抽煙也不喝酒；她只噴了調(diào)香師阿齊?格拉瑟專門為她制作的香水。)”可知，第一段雖以海倫娜?伯翰?卡特在電影《黑暗陰影》出演的角色開頭，但最終目的是要引出下文，即文章主要談?wù)摰娜宋铮赫{(diào)香師阿齊?格拉瑟。故選C?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Theperfumerbelievesthatperfumehelpstotrulyunderstandthemostimportantpartofacharacter.“We’llmeetuptotalkabouttherole,thestyling,whothedirectoris,whotheotheractorsare,thespace,atmosphere,wheretheymightbefilming,whetheritwillbecoldorhot.Therearemanynecessarypartsatplay.I’llthengoandstarttestingandmakingslightchangesuntiltheperfumeisabsolutelyperfect,”saidGlasserwhocanspendanythingfromaweektothreemonthstocreateacustommadeperfume.(調(diào)香師認為，香水有助于真正了解一個人物最重要的部分?！拔覀儠娒嬗懻摻巧⒃煨?、導演是誰、其他演員是誰、空間、氛圍、他們可能在哪里拍攝、天氣是冷還是熱。有許多必要的部分在起作用。然后我會開始測試，并做一些細微的改變，直到香水絕對完美為止?！备窭f，他可以花一周到三個月的時間來制作一款定制香水。)”可知，該段主要講的是調(diào)香師為制作一種香水付出了很大的努力。故選B項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第一句“Azzibelievesthateachplaceisunique,andherheightenedsenseofsmellcanpickupeventhemostunnoticeablenotestohelpherdesigntheperfectsmelltostressguests’experience.(阿齊相信每個地方都是獨一無二的，她敏銳的嗅覺甚至可以捕捉到最不明顯的特點，幫助她設(shè)計出完美的氣味，以強調(diào)客人的體驗。)”可知，阿齊?格拉瑟擁有敏銳的嗅覺，這可以幫助她捕捉到最不明顯的特點，從而設(shè)計出完美的氣味，增強客戶的體驗。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“I’llthengoandstarttestingandmakingslightchangesuntiltheperfumeisabsolutelyperfect,”saidGlasserwhocanspendanythingfromaweektothreemonthstocreateacustommadeperfume.(然后我會開始測試，并做一些細微的改變，直到香水絕對完美為止?！备窭f，他可以花一周到三個月的時間來制作一款定制香水。)”、第四段中“Azzibelievesthateachplaceisunique,andherheightenedsenseofsmellcanpickupeventhemostunnoticeablenotestohelpherdesigntheperfectsmelltostressguests’experience.(阿齊相信每個地方都是獨一無二的，她敏銳的嗅覺甚至可以捕捉到最不明顯的特點，幫助她設(shè)計出完美的氣味，以強調(diào)客人的體驗。)”以及第五段中““Thehappinessthatitbringstopeoplewhentheyhavetheirowncustommadeperfumeforlife—whetheryouareatopHollywoodactor,amodel,anartistorthegirlorboynextdoor—isafantasticfeelingformetolivewith.IfeelthatIamaddingsomesortofvaluetopeople’slives,whichisoneofthereasonswhyIlovewhatIdoandlovethelifeIlive.”(無論你是好萊塢頂級演員、模特、藝術(shù)家還是鄰家女孩或男孩，擁有屬于自己的終身定制香水給人們帶來的快樂，對我來說都是一種奇妙的感覺。”我覺得我正在為人們的生活增添某種價值，這也是我熱愛自己的工作和生活的原因之一?！?”可知，阿齊?格拉瑟會為了調(diào)制出完美的香水付出很多努力，并且她還可以捕捉到很難察覺的特點，所以她是個有責任心和精通業(yè)務(wù)的人。故選C。CHavingfriendsisobviouslygoodforcountlessreasons.Andshowingtheworldthatyouhavelotsoffriends,forexampleonsocialmedia,seemslikeawinningstrategy.Ifthatisthetruth,yourgoalistoexpandyoursocialnetwork.Oncepeopleseehowpopularyouare,they'llwanttojointhatpopularcircle,perhapsinthehopethatsomeofyourpopularitywillruboffonthem.Nevertheless,canapersonevenhavetoomanyfriendsatthesametime?It’salwaysbeenamisconceptionthatifyouhavemorefriends,peoplewillbemorelikelytowanttobefriendsyou.Infact,anewstudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyshowsthathavingtoomanyfriendsmayworkagainstyou.Inaseriesofexperiments.theauthorsprovethatpeopleusuallyprefertobefriendthosewhohavefewerfriendsthantheydo,ratherthanthosewithmorefriends.Theauthorscallthisphenomenonthe“friendnumberparadox(悖論)”,whichisalsothetitleoftheirnewpaper.Socialtiesareobviouslyimportant.Havingmoreoftheseconnectionssuggestsgreatersocialvalue,andmorepotentialpossibilities.Soitseemsreasonabletoassumethatpeoplewillfocustheirsocialenergiesonbefriendingpeoplewhohavelotsoffriendsalready.Buttheproblemisthatthesesocialtiesareonlyvaluableifthere’sreciprocity(互惠)involved.Friendshipgoeshandinhandwithcertainresponsibilitiesandexpectations.Andpeoplewithlotsoffriendsmaynotbeabletofulfillthoseresponsibilities—especiallythosewithtoomanyfriends.Inotherwords,“friendshipquality”mattersasmuch,ifnotmore,thanonlythenumberoffriendsyouhave.Havinglotsoffriendsmeansyourprecioussocialresourcesbeedilute(稀釋了的),makingyoulessabletobeagoodfriend.Andotherpeopletakethatintoaccountconsciously(有意識地)orunconsciouslywhendecidingwhethertobefriendyou.Theydon’twanttospendtheirvaluablesocialresourcesonsomeonewhoisunlikelytopayitback.8.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“ruboffon”inparagraphlmean?A.Lookforwardto. B.Takecontrolof.C.Holdonto. D.Haveaneffecton.9.Whatdoesthe“friendnumberparadox”show?A.Thesecretstobeingpopular.B.Thewaysofwinningmorefriends.C.Theadvantagesofhavingmanyfriends.D.Theproblemswithhavingmanyfriends.10.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofpeoplewithlotsoffriends?A.Theymayfailtoperformtheirduties.B.Theydon’tknowaboutreciprocity.C.Theyaremorelikelytobegoodfriends.D.Theyhavemoreprecioussocialresources.11.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowDoPeopleChooseTheirFriends?B.MoreFriendsAreNotNecessarilyBetterC.WhyDoPeopleLikeHavingMoreFriends?D.PeopleWithMoreFriendsAreMorePopular【答案】8.D9.D10.A11.B【解析】【導語】本文是說明文。文章講述一項研究表明，擁有太多的朋友對你可能并沒有好處?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句中“Oncepeopleseehowpopularyouare,they'llwanttojointhatpopularcircle,perhapsinthehopethatsomeofyourpopularitywillruboffonthem.”(一旦人們看到你很受歡迎，他們就會想加入這個受歡迎的圈子，也許是寄希望于通過你的受歡迎程度去ruboffon他們。)可知，因為你的受歡迎，使得人們想加入到這個受歡迎的圈子，即你對他們有了影響，由此可知，劃線短語ruboffon，意為“影響”。短語：haveaneffecton“對……有影響”，與劃線短語同義，故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Infact,anewstudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyshowsthathavingtoomanyfriendsmayworkagainstyou.Inaseriesofexperiments.theauthorsprovethatpeopleusuallyprefertobefriendthosewhohavefewerfriendsthantheydo,ratherthanthosewithmorefriends.Theauthorscallthisphenomenonthe“friendnumberparadox(悖論)”,whichisalsothetitleoftheirnewpaper.”（實際上，發(fā)表在《人格與社會心理學雜志》上的一項新的研究表明，朋友太多可能對你不利。作者通過一系列的實驗證明，人們通常更愿意與那些比他們的朋友少的人交朋友，而不是有更多的朋友的人。這就是“朋友數(shù)量悖論”，這也是它們新的論文的標題。）可知，“朋友數(shù)量悖論”表明朋友太多可能對你不利，即有太多朋友帶來的麻煩。故選D?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后兩句“Friendshipgoeshandinhandwithcertainresponsibilitiesandexpectations.Andpeoplewithlotsoffriendsmaynotbeabletofulfillthoseresponsibilities—especiallythosewithtoomanyfriends.”（友誼與某些責任和期望密切相關(guān)。有很多朋友的人可能無法履行這些責任，特別是那些朋友太多的人。）可知，有很多朋友的人可能會無法履行責任。故選A?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合文章第三段“Infact,anewstudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychologyshowsthathavingtoomanyfriendsmayworkagainstyou.Inaseriesofexperiments.theauthorsprovethatpeopleusuallyprefertobefriendthosewhohavefewerfriendsthantheydo,ratherthanthosewithmorefriends.Theauthorscallthisphenomenonthe“friendnumberparadox(悖論)”,whichisalsothetitleoftheirnewpaper.”（發(fā)表在《人格與社會心理學雜志》上的一項新的研究表明，朋友太多可能對你不利。作者通過一系列的實驗證明，人們通常更愿意與那些比他們的朋友少的人交朋友，而不是有更多的朋友的人。這就是“朋友數(shù)量悖論”，這也是它們新的論文的標題。）可知，本文介紹了一項研究結(jié)果：擁有太多的朋友對你可能并沒有好處。故選B。DScientistshavealreadyestablishedfrommultiplestudiesthatMarscontainslargeamountsofwater.Mostofthewaterexistsintheformofice.Chineseresearcherssaytheyhavebuiltanartificialintelligence(AI)robotthatcanusematerialsfoundonMarstoproducecatalysts(催化劑)tobreakdownwaterandreleaseoxygen.ItcouldbeanotherwayforspacetravelersinthefuturetomakemuchneededoxygenonMars.ExperimentswerecarriedoutonmeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorcontainedmaterialssimilartotheMartiansurface.The“robotchemist”firstusedanacidandchemicalmixturetoseparateandexaminematerialscontainedinthemeteorites.Itidentifiedseveraldifferentmetallicelementsandthenworkedtoidentifydifferentmolecules(分子)thatcouldbeproducedfrommeteoritematerials.Thesystemfoundmorethan3.7millionpossiblemoleculebinations.Therobotusedthatdatatopredictwhichcatalystswouldbeabletosplitwatermoleculestoproduceoxygen.Thecatalystchosenasthebestfitwasabletooperateatminus37degreesCelsius.ThistemperatureissimilartocurrentconditionsonMars.Thestudy’sleadwriter,JunJiang,saidthatasaboy,heoftendreamedofbeingabletoonedaytravelinspace.“Sowhenwefinallysawthatthecatalystsmadebytherobotcouldactuallyproduceoxygenbysplittingwatermolecules.Ifeltlikemydreamwasingtrue.IevenstartedtoimaginethatI,myself,willliveonMarsinthefuture.”Areportexplainingthestudy’sresultsnotesJiangsuggeststhatforeverysquaremeterofMartianmaterial,hisgroup’ssystemcouldproducenearly60gramsofoxygenperhour.TheresearcherssaythislevelofproductioncouldremovetheneedforfutureastronautstotransportoxygenfromEarth.“Therobotcanworkcontinuouslyforyears.”Jiangsaid.Jiangsaid,“ItcouldalsobeusedtoproduceotherusefulcatalystsonMars.Thiscouldincludeprocessesformakingsubstancestosupportthegrowthofplantsthatcouldbeusedtoproducefoodforastronauts.Differentchemicalscanbemadebythisrobot.Marsmightalsonotbetheonlyplacewhereitcouldfindotherused,suggestingthemoonasanotherpossibility.”12.WhatdoChinesescientistsuseAIrobotstodointheresearch?A.TocollectwaterdatafromMars.B.ToproduceoxygenfromwateronMars.C.ToexploretheicecoverageonMars.D.ToassisthumansinsettlingdownonMars.13.WhichaspectoftheresearchdoesParagraph2focuson?A.Itsprocess. B.Itsscale. C.Itsresult. D.Itseffect.14.WhydoestheauthormentionJiang’sdream?A.Toexplainthechemicalreaction. B.Toadvocatespacetravel.C.Toprovethesuccessofthestudy. D.ToshowthefuturelifeonMars.15.WhatdoesJiangstressinthelastparagraph?A.ThesubstancesforgrowingplantsonMars.B.Theexistenceofoxygenonthemoon.C.ThepossiblediscoveryofchemicalsonMars.D.ThepotentialapplicationofAIrobots.【答案】12.B13.A14.C15.D【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章主要講述了中國科學家已經(jīng)從多項研究中證實火星含有大量的水。大多數(shù)水以冰的形式存在。中國研究人員表示，他們已經(jīng)制造了一種人造機器人，可以利用火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)的材料來生產(chǎn)催化劑，以分解水并釋放氧氣。這可能是未來太空旅行者制造火星上急需的氧氣的另一種方式?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Chineseresearcherssaytheyhavebuiltanartificialintelligence(AI)robotthatcanusematerialsfoundonMarstoproducecatalysts(催化劑)tobreakdownwaterandreleaseoxygen.(中國研究人員表示，他們已經(jīng)制造出一種人工智能機器人，該機器人可以使用火星上發(fā)現(xiàn)的材料制造催化劑來分解水并釋放氧氣。)”可知，中國科學家在研究中使用人工智能機器人從火星上的水中產(chǎn)生氧氣。故選B?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“ExperimentswerecarriedoutonmeteoritesthateithercamefromMarsorcontainedmaterialssimilartotheMartiansurface.The‘robotchemist’firstusedanacidandchemicalmixturetoseparateandexaminematerialscontainedinthemeteorites.(對來自火星或含有與火星表面相似物質(zhì)的隕石進行了實驗?！皺C器人化學家”首先使用酸和化學混合物來分離和檢查隕石中所含的物質(zhì)。)”可知，本段講述的是研究的過程。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“‘Sowhenwefinallysawthatthecatalystsmadebytherobotcouldactuallyproduceoxygenbysplittingwatermolecules.Ifeltlikemydreamwasingtrue.IevenstartedtoimaginethatI,myself,willliveonMarsinthefuture.’(“所以當我們最終看到機器人制造的催化劑實際上可以通過分裂水分子產(chǎn)生氧氣時。我覺得我的夢想就要實現(xiàn)了。我甚至開始想象我自己將來會住在火星上。”)”可知，作者提到蔣的夢想是為了證明這些研究是成功的。故選C?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Jiangsaid,‘ItcouldalsobeusedtoproduceotherusefulcatalystsonMars.Thiscouldincludeprocessesformakingsubstancestosupportthegrowthofplantsthatcouldbeusedtoproducefoodforastronauts.Differentchemicalscanbemadebythisrobot.Marsmightalsonotbetheonlyplacewhereitcouldfindotherused,suggestingthemoonasanotherpossibility.’(蔣說:“它也可以用來在火星上生產(chǎn)其他有用的催化劑。這可能包括制造支持植物生長的物質(zhì)的過程，這些植物可以用來為宇航員生產(chǎn)食物。這個機器人可以制造不同的化學品?；鹦强赡芤膊皇俏ㄒ豢梢哉业狡渌猛镜牡胤剑@表明月球是另一種可能性。”)”可知，蔣強調(diào)了機器人對于太空研究的作用。故選D。第二節(jié)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)WhattoDoIfYourPersonalDataHasBeenExposedAsmoreofourlivesmoveonline,theriskofourpersonaldatabeingstolenormisusedisincreasing.Onlinecriminalscanusestolendatatotargetpeoplewithleadingmessagestogetimportantinformation.____16____.Herearesomewaystoprotectyourself.ChangeyourpasswordWhenyourinfoshowsupinabreach(泄露),itdoesn’tmeansomeone’sstolenyouridentityormoney.____17____.Ifyourdatahasbeenbreached,thefirstthingyoushoulddoischangeyourpassword.Useastrong,longpasswordincludingletters,numbersandsymbols.Andifyouhavebeenusingthesamepasswordfordifferentaccounts,makechangestoitforeachsite.____18____Itcanbehardtofollowallthedifferentdatabreaches.Whenpublicdatabreachesoccur,cybercriminalsgatherasmuchdataaspossiblesotheycansellitonthedarkweb.Luckily,thereareonlineservicesthatyoucanlookattoseeifyouraccounthasbeeninvolvedinadatabreach.Forexample,atoolcalledBreachWatchisofferedonlinetokeepwatchonthedarkwebtoseeifyourpersonalinformationshowsupthere.TellyourbankandcreditagenciesIfyourcreditcardpaymentnumbersarestolen,informyourbankorcreditcardpany.Askthemtowarnyouofanysuspiciousactivity.Somebanksandcreditcardscanlockyouraccountonline.Youcanalsoinformcreditagencies.____19____.Thatmakesithardtoseeyourcreditreportandopenanewaccount.Ortheywillasklenderstocontactyoubeforelendingmoney.TakeextracareBreachesinvolvingatelephonepanyleavebuyersatriskofhavingtheirphonenumbersstolen.Thievescanuseastolennumbertoenteraccountsthatusethephonenumberasasecurity.Toreducethatrisk,itisadvisabletocreateapasswordthatisneededtomakelargeaccountchanges.____20____.Thatwillhelpblockpossibledamagebysomeonewhogainsentrytoyouremailaccount.A.KeepmonitoringB.TheycanfreezeyourcreditC.Butitdoesmeanyou’reatriskD.FollowallthepossibledatabreachesE.Also,deleteemailscontainingpersonalinformationF.OrtheycantakeoutloansandcreditcardsintheirnameG.Ifyoufindithardtomemorizeallyourpasswords,considerapasswordmanager【答案】16.F17.C18.A19.B20.E【解析】【導語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了如果你的個人資料外泄，你該怎么辦。16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Onlinecriminalscanusestolendatatotargetpeoplewithleadingmessagestogetimportantinformation.(網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪分子可以利用竊取的數(shù)據(jù)，向人們發(fā)送誘導性信息，以獲取重要信息。)”可知，空格處進一步說明網(wǎng)路犯罪分子利用竊取的信息所做的事情。選項F.Ortheycantakeoutloansandcreditcardsintheirname(或者他們可以以自己的名義申請貸款和信用卡)選項中they指的是Onlinecriminals，選項F能夠承接上文。故選F?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Whenyourinfoshowsupinabreach(泄露),itdoesn’tmeansomeone’sstolenyouridentityormoney.(當你的信息被泄露時，并不意味著有人盜用了你的身份或金錢。)”以及下文“Ifyourdatahasbeenbreached,thefirstthingyoushoulddoischangeyourpassword.(如果你的數(shù)據(jù)被泄露了，你應(yīng)該做的第一件事就是更改密碼。)”可知，空格處進一步說明的是信息泄露存在著風險。選項C.Butitdoesmeanyou’reatrisk(但這確實意味著你有風險)與上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，引出下文信息泄露時需要做什么；能夠承上啟下。故選C。【18題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Luckily,thereareonlineservicesthatyoucanlookattoseeifyouraccounthasbeeninvolvedinadatabreach.Forexample,atoolcalledBreachWatchisofferedonlinetokeepwatchonthedarkwebtoseeifyourpersonalinformationshowsupthere.(幸運的是，你可以通過在線服務(wù)查看你的賬戶是否涉及數(shù)據(jù)泄露。例如，一種名為BreachWatch的在線工具可以監(jiān)視暗網(wǎng)，看看你的個人信息是否出現(xiàn)在那里。)”可知，本段主要講述的是對數(shù)據(jù)的監(jiān)管。選項A.Keepmonitoring(持續(xù)監(jiān)控)能夠作為本段的主題句。故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Somebanksandcreditcardscanlockyouraccountonline.Youcanalsoinformcreditagencies.(一些銀行和信用卡可以在線鎖定你的賬戶。你也可以通知信用機構(gòu)。)”以及下文“Thatmakesithardtoseeyourcreditreportandopenanewaccount.(這使得很難看到你的信用報告和開一個新賬戶。)”可知，空格處說明的是鎖定賬戶或者信用機構(gòu)可知做的保個人信息，能夠使得不能開一個新的賬戶。選項B.Theycanfreezeyourcredit(他們可以凍結(jié)你的信用)中的They指的是“Somebanksandcreditcards以及agencies”呼應(yīng)上文，引出下文“很難看到你的信用報告和開一個新賬戶”；選項B能夠承上啟下。故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Toreducethatrisk,itisadvisabletocreateapasswordthatisneededtomakelargeaccountchanges.(為了降低這種風險，建議創(chuàng)建一個密碼，用于對帳戶進行大量更改。)”以及下文“Thatwillhelpblockpossibledamagebysomeonewhogainsentrytoyouremailaccount.(這將有助于阻止那些進入你的電子郵件帳戶的人可能造成的損害。)”可知，空格處說明的是阻止進入電子郵件的方式。選項E.Also,deleteemailscontainingpersonalinformation(同時，刪除包含個人信息的郵件)中的emails呼應(yīng)下文的emailaccount，選項E能夠承上啟下。故選E。第三部分語言知識運用(共三節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。(共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分)AllIeverwantedwastobelong,towearthathatofbelonging.InseventhandeighthgradesIstill___21___aboutfortypounds,whichistooskinny.Iwastwelveyearsoldandhadbeengettinglaughedatformy___22___looksformostofmylife.ButIwasfunny.Sothepopularkidsletme___23___withthem,gototheirpartiesandwatchthemhavefunwitheachother.This,asyoumightimagine,didnothelpmy___24___agreatdeal.IthoughtIwasatotal___25___.ButonedayItookanotebookandapenwhenIwenttoBolinasBeachwithmy___26___.Likeawriter,Iwrotea(n)___27___ofwhatIsaw:“Iwalkedtothelipofthewaterandletthetongueoftherushingwater___28___mytoes.Asandcrabdugaholeafewinchesfrommyfootandthendisappearedintothedampsand...Withasenseof___29___,Ibeganmywalkback,leavingthebeautyofthemomentbehind.”Itgoesonforquiteawhile.Myfather___30___metoshowittoateacher,anditendedupbeing___31___inarealtextbook.Thisdeeply___32___myteachersandparentsandafewkids,evensomeofthe___33___kids,whoinvitedmetotheirpartiesevenmoreoften.Thischangedmylife,showingmethattrue___34___esfromwithin,notjust___35___.21.A.lost B.gained C.weighed D.spent22.A.cold B.strange C.angry D.serious23.A.hangout B.workout C.speakup D.catchup24.A.selfpity B.selfconfidence C.selfeducation D.selfdefence25.A.partygoer B.observer C.beginner D.loser26.A.teacher B.father C.coach D.classmate27.A.poem B.guideline C.ment D.description28.A.kiss B.wash C.bite D.attack29.A.anxiety B.sadness C.peace D.direction30.A.appointed B.inspired C.enabled D.allowed31.A.included B.praised C.written D.texted32.A.impressed B.amused C.disappointed D.confused33.A.wellknown B.wellbehaved C.wellliked D.wellspoken34.A.appreciation B.determination C.congratulation D.belonging35.A.makingup B.sittingaround C.showingoff D.fittingin【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.B25.D