初高中英語銜接句子種類（按照使用目的和交際功能劃分）課件

句子種類（按使用目的和交際功能分）授課人：希希CONTENTS句子種類01習(xí)題練習(xí)0201句子種類（按使用目的和交際功能分）一、陳述句陳述句用來陳述一件事或表達(dá)一種看法，有肯定和否定兩種形式，句末通常用句號(hào)，讀降調(diào)。陳述句主要分為肯定句和否定句。1.肯定陳述句結(jié)構(gòu):主語+謂語+其他。Thatboyoftenhelpsothers.Iwenttothecinemayesterday.Iliketalkingwithotherpeople.Singingseemseasyforme.2.否定陳述句（1）當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞含有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或其他情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，否定形式是在這些動(dòng)詞之后加not。Ican’tsingwell.Thesweaterisn’tmadeofwool.Shecan’tbeathome,becauseIsawherboardingyesterday.2.否定陳述句（2）謂語部分是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞或含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞have/has/hadto時(shí)，否定形式在這些動(dòng)詞前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t。Theboydoesn’tdohouseworkathome.Idon’tliketalkingwithotherpeople.Wedidn’thaveagoodholiday.2.否定陳述句（3）當(dāng)have（有）、need（需要）、dare（敢于）作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)候，通常在前面加don’t/doesn’t/didn’t構(gòu)成否定句。Idon’thavedinner.Thebikedidn’tneedtoberepaired.Jimdoesn'tdare（to）gointothehauntedhouse.2.否定陳述句（4）否定詞用no表示,no=notany/a。Hehasnosister.=Hedoesn’thaveanysisters.never絕不,從來不。Ihaveneverseensuchaman.little,few幾乎沒有。Therearefewstudentsintheclassroom.Thereislittlebreadinthekitchen.noone/nobody

沒有人。Noone/Nobodyisinterestedinthebook.nothing什么也沒有。Thereisnothingwrongwithyou.neitherof兩者都不；noneof沒有一個(gè)(用于三者或三者以上)。NeitherofthemhaseverbeentoBeijing.seldom

很少,hardly

幾乎不。Icanhardlysayaword.Sheseldomlistenedtome.too……to

太……而不能……。Hewastoolatetocatchthebus.not...atall一點(diǎn)兒也不......。Hedidn'tcareabouttheresultatall.not…any

more=nomore不再，再?zèng)]有。Ican’tbelieveyouanymore.=Icannomorebelieveyou.not…any

longer=nolonger不再，再?zèng)]有。I’mnotachildanylonger.=I’m

nolongerachild.復(fù)習(xí)縮略形式：Iamheissheistheyareyouarethereistherearecannot=I’m=he’s=she’s=they’re=you’re=there’s=there’re=can’tdonotdoesnotisnotarenotletuswillnotIwillwasnot=don’t=doesn’t=isn’t=aren’t=let’s=won’t=I’ll=wasn’t將下面肯定陳述句變成否定陳述句：1.WegotoschoolonSunday.Wedon’tgotoschoolonSunday.2.We’llgototheparkthisafternoon.Wewon’tgototheparkthisafternoon.3.IamwatchingTVnow.IamnotwatchingTVnow.4.Jack’sfather

is

a

teacher.Jack’sfatherisn’tateacher.將下面肯定陳述句變成否定陳述句：5.Thedogrunsfast.Thedogdoesn’trunfast.6.Thebabycanspeak.Thebabycan’tspeak.7.Thereissomewaterinthebottle.Thereisn’tanywaterinthebottle.8.Hermotherworkshard.Hermotherdoesn’twork

hard.

將下面肯定陳述句變成否定陳述句：9.Theylikereadingbooks.Theydon’tlikereadingbooks.10.Wehadlessonsthismorning.Wedidn’thavelessonsthismorning.11.Ihaveadoll.Idon’thaveadoll.12.Itisafish.Itisn’tafish.將下面肯定陳述句變成否定陳述句：13.TheyspeakEnglish.Theydon’tspeakEnglish.14.Shecancleanthebedroom.Shecan’tcleanthebedroom.15.Ihavesomemoneyinmypocket.Idon’thaveanymoneyinmypocket.形肯意否：more...than...“與其說…倒不如說”“是…而不是”Heismoreknavethanfool.與其說他蠢，不如說他壞。ratherthan”是…而不是”Theeffectissoftandprettyratherthandrop-deadsexy.給人的印象是柔和俏麗而不是吸人眼球的性感。wouldrather…than…“寧愿…也不”Hewouldrathershoothimselfthancompromisehisprinciples.他寧愿一槍打死自己也不愿違背自己的原則。形肯意否：otherthan“不同于”Sheisquiteotherthanwhatpeopledescribed.她這個(gè)人完全不像你所說的那樣。nothingless/elsethan/nothingshortof“完全是，簡直是”Itwasnothinglessthanamiracle.那完全是個(gè)奇跡。?nolessthan“簡直是”Itisnolessthanblackmailtoasksuchahighprice.要價(jià)這么高簡直是搶劫。形否意肯：nothingbut“只”“僅僅”。Hedreamsofnothingbutgoinghome.

他只想回家。not…until…“直到……才……”。Hedidn’tcomeuntilyesterday.

直到昨天他才來。cannotbetoo“再.....也不為過”Youcan’tbetoocareful.

你越仔細(xì)越好。can’thelpdoing“情不自禁做某事”Hecouldn’thelpcryingwhenheheardthenews.

他聽到這個(gè)消息時(shí)禁不住哭了。否定轉(zhuǎn)移：當(dāng)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示“認(rèn)為”“相信”“猜想”“期望”“想象”等意思時(shí)，且后面接賓語從句，如果從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為否定形式，習(xí)慣上要把否定詞從從句轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。Idon'tthinkheisright.（我認(rèn)為他不對(duì)。）否定轉(zhuǎn)移：當(dāng)seem,appear等系動(dòng)詞后面接表語從句，且從句中含有否定意義時(shí)，也可能出現(xiàn)否定轉(zhuǎn)移。Itdoesn'tseemthatheishappy.（這似乎是他不開心。）否定轉(zhuǎn)移：not…because/by形式上否定的是主句部分，意義上否定的卻是because之后的內(nèi)容，譯為“并不是/并非因?yàn)椤?。Wedidn’tdenythepersonmerelybecausehewasnotqualified.我們并非因?yàn)檫@個(gè)人不夠條件才拒絕他的。Hewasn’tarrestedbylackofnecessaryinformation.他并不是因?yàn)槿狈Ρ匾男畔⒍徊兜摹ｋp重否定：（1）“否定詞+否定意義的詞/短語”-常見的否定詞有“not”“no”“never”“nothing”“none”“neither”等。-否定意義的詞或短語有“without”“hardly...when”“scarcely...when”“rarely”“few”“l(fā)ittle”等。Ican'tdonothing.我得做點(diǎn)什么。（2）“否定詞+否定前/后綴的詞”否定前綴有“un-”“in-”“dis-”“non-”等，否定后綴有“-less”等。Heisnotunkind.他很善良。二、疑問句1.一般疑問句一般疑問句是詢問某人、某物或某事是否屬實(shí)的問句，可以分為肯定的一般疑問句和否定的一般疑問句。（1）以系動(dòng)詞be開頭：am,is,are（一般時(shí)）was，were（過去時(shí)）句子結(jié)構(gòu)：Be+主語+其他？Isheinthelivingroom?（2）以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞開頭：can，may，must，will（將來時(shí)），would句子結(jié)構(gòu)：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？Canyougototheparkalone?（3）以普通助動(dòng)詞開頭：Do，Does，（一般時(shí)）Did（過去時(shí)），have（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)），had（過去完成時(shí)）句子結(jié)構(gòu)：普通助動(dòng)詞+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？Doeshewanttogowithus?一般情況下，開頭用什么提問就用什么回答?？隙?Yes，主語+提問詞.否定:No，主語+提問詞+not.人看性別，男的用he,女的用she；非人單數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞用it；復(fù)數(shù)都用they。回答由must引導(dǎo)的疑問句的提問①肯定回答：Yes,…must.―MustIgohomenow?―Yes,youmust.②否定回答：No，…needn't./No，…don't/doesn'thaveto.―MustIgohomenow?―No,youneed’t./don’thaveto.回答由may提問的句子。①肯定：Ofcourse./Sure./Certainly.-MayIborrowyourMP3?-Sure.②否定：No,...mustn’t.-MayIborrowyourMP3?-No,youmustn’t.填空：1）Is

sheateacher?Yes,she____.

No,she_____.2）_____thegirls

often

swim

?Yes,____do.

No,_____don’t.3）____yourdadlikelisteningtomusic?Yes,____does.

No,____doesn’t.isisn’tDotheytheyDoeshehe4）_____youwashhiscaryesterday?Yes,____did

.

No,____didn’t.5）Can

yourunfast?

Yes,I______.

No,I______.6）_____sheateacher?

Yes,she_____.

No,she_____.7）______youplayingballnow?Yes,I______.

No,I

______.Didyouyoucancan’tIsisisn’tAreamamnot8）______apigjump?Yes,it

can.

No,it_____.9）______fivebirdsflyinginthesky?Yes,they_____.No,____aren’t.10）_____yourfatherreadinginthelivingroom?Yes,____is.No,he_____.Cancan’tArearetheyIsheisn’t將下列句子改成一般疑問句并回答。1.Itisalovelydog.2.Shewillgohometomorrow.

3.Heismyfather.4.TheyareLily’scousins.5.Wewere

classmates.6.Iamadoctor.7Thereisabirdinthetree.8.Therearemanystarsinthesky.2.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句由疑問詞引導(dǎo)，不能用yes或no回答。（1）如疑問詞作主語或主語的定語，即對(duì)主語或主語的定語提問，疑問詞（＋主語）＋謂語動(dòng)詞＋其他成分.-Whoissingingintheroom？-Whosebikeisbroken？（２）如疑問詞作其他成分，即對(duì)其他成分提問，疑問詞＋一般疑問句語序？-Whichclassareyouin？-Whatdoesshelooklike？常見疑問詞：疑問代詞：what，who，which，whose，whom疑問副詞：when，where，why，how疑問形容詞：what（which，whose）+名詞what什么whowhomwhosewhichwhenwherewhyhow誰誰的哪一個(gè)什么時(shí)候什么地點(diǎn)為什么如何howoldhowoftenhowlonghowfarhowmanyhowmuch多遠(yuǎn)多久多久一次多大年齡數(shù)量多少（后接不可數(shù)名詞）；多少錢數(shù)量多少（后接可數(shù)名詞）CanyoumatchthespecialquestionwordswiththeirChinesemeaning?Noproblem.一、用“what,why,which,when,how"填空。1.--________isLiMingdoing?

--Heisreadingabook.2.--________didyougotoShanghai?--Byplane.3.--________doyoulikewinter?

--BecauseIcanski.4.--________seasondoyoulikebest?--Fall.5.--________didyoucometoCanada?--At7:00.WhatHowWhyWhichWhen二、單項(xiàng)選擇。1．－_____isyourdictionary?－10Yuan.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.What

D.Whose2．－_______subjectsdoyouhave?－Seven.A.HowlongB.Howmany

C.HowmuchD.Howfar3．－_______doyoulikebest?

－Ilikemathbest.A.Whichsubject

B.Whatfood

C.Whatcolor

D．WhichsportABA4.－________doyoulikescience?－________it’sinteresting.A.Why;So

B.What;BecauseC.Why;BecauseD.How;Because5.When_______thegirl________herhomework?A.does;does

B.does;doC.do;does

D.do;do6.—Doeshewanttogotoamovie?—_______.A.Yes,hedoes

B.No,hedoes

C.Yes,hedoesn’t

D.Yes,sheisCBA7.－_______kindofmoviesdoyoulike?－Ilikecomediesverymuch.A.What’s

B.How

C.What

D.Why8.－______arethesebananas?－Fivedollars.A.Whatcolor

B.HowaboutC.HowmuchD.Howmany9.－Canweplayfootballinthestreet?－No,you_____.It’sdangerous.A.canB.mustn’tC.may

D.maynotCCB10.－_____doesheplayfootball?－Intheafternoon.A.When

B.Where

C.HowD.What11.—_____isyourfather?Doeshestillworkasanengineer?—Yes,hehasbeenanengineerforthirtyyears.A.Who

B.How

C.What

D.Which12.—_____doesyourfathergotothefitnesscenter?—Heexercisestheretwiceaweek.A.Howsoon

B.Howoften

C.HowlongACB13.—_________willtheinvitationsbesenttoourguests?—Inthreedays.A.Howoften

B.Howsoon

C.Howlong

D.Howfar14.—_____isitfromtheNewTowntotheoldcitycentre?—Lessthan30minutesbyunderground.A.Howsoon

B.Howoften

C.Howlong

D.Howfar15.—________isMary?—Thegirlwithshorthair.A.Which

B.What

C.Where

D.WhyBDA3.選擇疑問句選擇疑問句是指提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上可能的答案供對(duì)方選擇的句式。前一部分是一般疑問句或特殊疑問句，后面加上并列連詞or(或者)提供給對(duì)方另一個(gè)條件，讓對(duì)方根據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行選擇回答。

(1)句型：一般疑問句+or+另一選擇對(duì)象？-Areyouateacherorastudent?

=Areyouateacheror(areyou)astudent？-I'mastudent.(2)句型：特殊疑問句,A,BorC?-Whichisbigger，BeijingorNewYork？-Beijing.-Whichisthebiggest,theearth,thesunorthemoon?-Thesun.翻譯下面句子。1.我們?cè)趺慈?乘火車還是飛機(jī)?Howshallwego,bytrainorbyplane?2.你想要牛奶還是茶?Wouldyoulikemilkortea?3.你想要雞肉還是牛肉？Wouldyoulikechickenorbeef?4.咖啡，水還是果汁你最喜歡哪個(gè)?Whichdoyoulikebest,coffee,waterorjuice?4.反意疑問句反意疑問句是附在陳述句之后對(duì)所陳述的事實(shí)觀點(diǎn)提問的短句。Itisagloriousday,isn’tit?Youhaven'tseenmygreenjacket,haveyou?Youdon'tneedajacket,doyou?Note:前肯后否，前否后肯，前后人稱一致牛刀小試-完成句子Jackisgoingcampingwithhisfriendsthisweekend,________?Aren’tyougoingtotheconferencethen,________?Writingwassoexcruciatingthatmyteacherhadallowedmetopresentmypaperonthesinkingofthe

Titanic

asanoralreport—aone-actplay,whereIplayedalltheparts,

?Beijingisalsoaplacewhichwelcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodern

life,

?isn’theareyouwasn’titisn’tit三、祈使句祈使句用來表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、命令、建議、禁止、勸告、警告等。有肯定和否定兩大類。（1）肯定祈使句Do型：Cometothepartytonight!Turnleftatthefirstcrossing!Be型：Becareful.Let型：Lethimstudyalone!牛刀小試判斷下面句子是否祈使句（TorF）Knockthedoorbeforeentering,please.Workinghard,youwillbesuccessful.Gostraightonandyouwillseethechurch.Theresultshowedviruswaspresentedpropertiesofthecoronavirus.Let’skeeptothepointorwewillneverreachanyconclusion.6.Dotellmethetruth.TFTFTT（2）否定祈使句Do型：Don’tcometothepartytomorrow!Don’tturnrightatthefirstcrossing!Be型：Don’tbecareless.Let型：Lethimnotstudywithothers!四、感嘆句感嘆句：用來表示贊美，驚嘆，喜悅等感情的句子。通常以what和how開頭，句末為感嘆號(hào)。What引導(dǎo)：What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+(主語+謂語)!What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+(主語+謂語)!What+形容詞+不可數(shù)名詞+(主語+謂語)!Whataninterestingstoryitis!Whatgoodweatheritis!修飾名詞How引導(dǎo)：How+形容詞/副詞+(主語+謂語)!How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+(主語+謂語)!Howtimeflies!Howbeautifulabutterflyitis!Howwellheplaysthepiano!修飾形容詞或副詞第一步：找主語

abeautifulgirlsheis! beautifulsheis!主主名形第二步：看詞性

abeautifulgirlsheis! beautifulsheis!主主名形第三步：引導(dǎo)詞

abeautifulgirlsheis! beautifulsheis!主主WhatHow解題步驟從后往前找主語主語前是名詞，用What主語前是形容詞，用HowWhatWhatanHowHowan-China’sstarskaterWuDajingwonthegoldinthemen’s500metersinPyeongChangWinterOlympicGames.-____excitingnewsitis!Let’sgivehimthethumbs-up.1.答案：A解析：根據(jù)符號(hào)判斷該題考點(diǎn)是感嘆句！找到主語it,往前看一個(gè)詞，是不可數(shù)名詞news.固選A.____wonderfulTheReaderis!ManypeopleenjoytheTVprogram.WhatHowa2.HowWhata答案：C簡析：《朗讀者》是多么精彩??！從后面往前找到主語Thereader,再看前一個(gè)詞為形容詞，固選C。-IwatchedtheliveNBAgamelastnight.Howaboutyou?-OfcourseIdid.____Amazinggameitwas!WhatanHowan3.WhatHow答案：C簡析：昨晚我看現(xiàn)場直播的NBA比賽了，你呢？我當(dāng)然也看了，多么令人驚異的一場比賽?。】疾閃hat開頭的句子。主語it,前一個(gè)為可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，用因amazing以元音音素開頭，故選A。whatfunHowfun.WhatafunHowafun-Wow!TheywerecelebratingtheWaterFestival.-____theDaipeoplewerehaving!4.答案：A簡析：句子主語為theDaipeople.前一個(gè)單詞為不可數(shù)名詞fun，選A.WhataWhatHowaHowJimmysavedanoldladyoutoftheYangtzeRiver.____greatcourageheshowed!5.答案：B簡析：Jimmy從揚(yáng)子江里救了一個(gè)老婦人。他表現(xiàn)出了多大的勇氣啊!本題考查感嘆句。感嘆句的構(gòu)成:What+(a/an+)adj.+可數(shù)/不可數(shù)名詞+主+謂!How+adj./adv.+主+謂!courage為不可數(shù)名詞,意為“勇氣”,故選B項(xiàng)選詞填空(what/how)_____beautifulthegirlis!_____abeautifulgirlsheis!_____beautifulthegirlsare!_____beautifulgirlstheyare!HowWhatHowWhat選詞填空(what/how)_____finetheweatheris!_____fineweatheritis!_____fastheruns!_____afastcaritis!HowWhatHowWhat改寫句子（將下列句子改為感嘆句，每空一詞）1.Theweatherisfine. itis!2.Thestoriesareveryboring. storiesare!3.Thebuildingissotall. tallbuildingitis!WhatfineHowboringWhataweather改寫句子（將下列句子改為感嘆句，每空一詞）4.Tomisrunningveryfast. Tomisrunning!5.Theboyisverylazy. theboyis!

6.Heissuchacleverboy. boyheis!HowfastHowlazyWhataclever六、therebe句型（1）基本句型：Therebe+主語+其他Therearemanywaystosolvetheproblems.（2）疑問句：be放在there前。Istherealakeinthenaturepark?（3）thereseems/appears/happenstobe+主語Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththeinstrument.（4）There

(be)ateacherandtwostudentsintheteachers’office.is就近原則02習(xí)題練習(xí)1.-Arethoseyourbooks?-Yes,

.A.itis

B.theseare

C.theyare

D.that

is2.-Isthegirlinredyourfriend?SheislearningChinesenow.

-

.A.Yes,itis.B.Yes,heis.

C.Yes,sheis.D.Yes,shedoes.

3.-

yourbrother

usually

basketballatschool?-No,hedoesn't