《高中備考指南-英語必修1》課件-1.3Welcome Unit-Period Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures

Welcome

UnitPeriod

Ⅲ

Discovering

Useful

Structures課后篇

課時分層訓(xùn)練基礎(chǔ)自測Ⅰ.寫出下列句子中畫線部分充當(dāng)什么成分1.The

question

is

that

no

one

knows

the

location

of

the

new

hospital.________表語2.To

be

or

not

to

be

is

a

question.________主語3.His

confidence

enabled

him

to

finish

the

task

successfully.______________賓語補足語4.The

class

teacher

had

us

clean

the

classroom

yesterday.______________賓語補足語5.Is

he

the

man

who

wants

to

see

you？________定語6.This

book

gives

me

some

idea

on

how

to

make

friends.________賓語7.I

feel

it

our

duty

to

serve

the

people

heart

and

soul.________賓語8.What

you

explained

just

now

didn’t

satisfy

me.________主語9.We

must

get

together

again

some

day.________狀語10.If

I

am

not

busy

tomorrow，

I

will

play

football

with

you.________狀語Ⅱ.寫出下列句子屬于哪類句型1.I

found

the

problem

easy._______________S＋V＋O＋C2.I

have

never

cooked

at

home.____________S＋V＋A3.There

are

ten

boys

under

the

big

tree.________________There

be句型4.Her

father

bought

her

a

dictionary

as

a

birthday

present.__________________S＋V＋IO＋DO5.The

boss

made

him

do

the

work

all

day._______________S＋V＋O＋C6.The

tree

has

grown

much

taller

than

before.__________________S＋L＋P或S＋P要點探究

詞匯精析look

forward

to…

盼望……；期待……（教材P6）Tom

is

looking

forward

to

meeting

the

new

exchange

student.湯姆盼望著見到新來的交換生。look

into…

審查；調(diào)查look

on…as…

把……看作……look

out

當(dāng)心；小心look

down

on/upon

輕視，看不起①They

are

looking

into

the

cause

of

the

accident.他們正在調(diào)查事故的原因。②We

shouldn’t

look

down

upon

the

disabled;

we

should

help

them.我們不應(yīng)該輕視殘疾人；我們應(yīng)該幫助他們。語法精講精析一、句子成分

句子表達一個完整的意思，是由單詞按一定的語法規(guī)則組合而成的。句子一般可以分成幾個部分，每個部分在句中具有一定的功能，稱為句子成分。不同的句子成分由一定的詞類或詞組充當(dāng)。1.主語（subject）

主語是一句話的主體，表明句子說的是誰或是什么。它一般放在謂語之前，通常由名詞（名詞短語）、代詞、數(shù)詞、動詞不定式、動名詞以及名詞性從句等充當(dāng)?！?/p>

TV

news

often

gives

us

lots

of

information.電視新聞常常給我們許多信息。（名詞）◆

Something

is

wrong

with

my

computer.我的電腦壞了。（代詞）◆

Seven-tenths

of

the

earth

surface

is

covered

with

water.十分之七的地球表面被水覆蓋。（數(shù)詞）◆

To

see

is

to

believe.眼見為實。（動詞不定式）◆

Cycling

and

boating

are

my

favourite

free

time

interests.騎車和劃船是我最大的業(yè)余愛好。（動名詞）◆

That

she

was

admitted

into

a

key

university

greatly

comforted

her

parents.她被重點大學(xué)錄取這件事給了她父母極大的安慰。（主語從句）2.謂語（verb或predicate）

謂語是對主語的有關(guān)問題加以說明的部分。謂語說明主語做什么、是什么或者怎么樣。謂語位于主語之后，由動詞充當(dāng)。凡是由一個動詞或動詞詞組構(gòu)成的謂語，無論處在什么時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣下，都被稱為謂語。謂語分為簡單謂語和復(fù)合謂語?！?/p>

He

practices

running

every

morning.他每天早晨鍛煉跑步。（簡單謂語）◆

Great

changes

have

taken

place

in

Shanghai.上海發(fā)生了巨大的變化。（復(fù)合謂語）【注意】由系動詞加表語可構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。例如：We

are

students.3.表語（predicative）

表語是說明主語是什么或怎么樣的句子成分。它由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、動詞不定式及短語、副詞、介詞短語、從句等充當(dāng)?！?/p>

My

favourite

attraction

is

the

Great

Wall.我最喜歡的旅游景點是長城。（名詞）◆

—Who

is

there？—It’s

me.——誰在那兒？

——是我。（副詞、代詞）◆

English

is

both

useful

and

important.英語有用且很重要。（形容詞）◆

The

Forbidden

City

is

at

the

center

of

Beijing.紫禁城位于北京市中心。（介詞短語）◆

The

greatest

happiness

is

to

work

for

the

happiness

of

all.最大的快樂就是為大家的快樂而工作。（動詞不定式短語）◆

My

hobby

is

collecting

stamps.我的愛好是集郵。（動名詞短語）◆

My

belief

is

that

our

country

will

become

stronger

and

stronger.我相信，我們的國家將變得越來越強大。（表語從句）4.賓語（object）

賓語是及物動詞所表示的動作的對象，或是介詞所表示的某種聯(lián)系的對象。賓語放在及物動詞的后面。賓語一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、非謂語動詞、短語及名詞性從句等充當(dāng)?！?/p>

The

children

are

flying

kites.孩子們正在放風(fēng)箏。（名詞）◆

Call

me

any

time.隨時給我打電話。（代詞）◆

I

decide

to

pick

up

a

new

foreign

language.我決定學(xué)一門新的外語。（動詞不定式短語）◆

Do

you

mind

passing

me

the

dictionary?請把字典遞給我，好嗎？（動名詞短語）◆

Your

success

will

largely

depend

upon

what

you

do

and

how

you

do

it.你是否成功將主要取決于你做什么和怎樣做。（賓語從句）5.賓補（object

complement）

有些及物動詞帶了賓語后意義仍不夠完整，還需要加上賓語補足語來補充說明賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、身份或特征等。賓語補足語通常放在賓語之后，一般由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞及短語等充當(dāng)?！?/p>

He

has

proved

himself

an

experienced

teacher.他證明自己是一名經(jīng)驗豐富的教師。（名詞）◆

We

have

decided

to

paint

the

room

pink.我們決定把房間漆成粉紅色。（形容詞）◆

My

mother

always

keeps

everything

in

good

order.我媽媽總是把一切安排得井然有序。（介詞短語）◆

The

teacher

asked

us

not

to

make

so

much

noise.老師叫我們不要制造那么多的噪音。（動詞不定式短語）◆

I

heard

the

telephone

ringing.我聽見電話鈴正在響。（現(xiàn)在分詞）◆

He

was

very

happy

to

see

the

homeless

children

taken

good

care

of

at

the

orphanage.他很高興看見流浪兒童在孤兒院得到很好的照顧。（過去分詞短語）6.定語（attributive）

定語是用來修飾、限制名詞或代詞的。一般由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、不定式、動名詞、分詞、介詞短語和從句等充當(dāng)?！?/p>

These

are

apple

trees.這些是蘋果樹。（名詞）◆

The

men

here

are

always

busy

working

on

the

farm.這里的男人總是忙于在田間干活。（副詞）◆

There

is

nothing

to

do

today.今天沒有事要做。（不定式）◆

The

smiling

boy

needs

a

pen

bought

by

his

mother.那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆。（現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞短語）7.狀語（adverbial）

狀語用于修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一般由副詞、名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語、獨立主格和從句等充當(dāng)?！?/p>

I’m

very

pleased

to

see

you.見到你我非常高興。（副詞）◆

I’ll

be

back

in

a

while.我一會兒就回來。（介詞短語）◆

When

she

was

12

years

old,

she

began

to

live

in

Dalian.她在12歲那一年開始居住于大連。（狀語從句）◆

Having

had

a

quarrel

with

his

wife,

he

left

home

in

a

bad

temper.由于和妻子吵了一架，他憤怒地離開了家。（分詞）8.同位語（appositive）

若兩個語法單位指同一個人或事物，并且句法功能也一樣，那么，后一項稱為前一項的同位語?！?/p>

We

students

should

study

hard.我們學(xué)生應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)?！?/p>

Professor

Wang,

a

famous

scientist,

will

give

us

a

talk

tomorrow.王教授，一位著名的科學(xué)家，明天將給我們做報告。二、八種基本句型

英語中簡單句只有一個主語（或并列主語）和一個謂語動詞（或并列謂語動詞）。簡單句是由主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語等組成的，依其組合方式可分為八種基本句型。1.主語＋謂語（S＋V）The

sun

is

rising.S

V太陽正在升起。The

little

boy

is

crying.S

V小男孩正在哭泣。2.主語＋謂語＋賓語（S＋V＋O）He

is

watching

TV.

S

V

O他正在看電視。3.主語＋系動詞＋表語（S＋L＋P）或（S＋P）Everything

looks

different

.

S

L

P一切看來都不同了?！咀⒁狻肯祫釉~:link

verb，本課時中用L表示。常見的由行為動詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的系動詞（1）表感官的動詞:feel,

smell,

taste,

sound,

look,

appear等。（2）表轉(zhuǎn)變、變化的動詞:become,

get,

grow,

turn,

go等。（3）表延續(xù)的動詞:remain,

keep,

hold,

stay,

rest等。（4）表瞬間的動詞:come,

fall等。The

problem

remains

to

be

settled.S

L

P問題依然需要解決。4.主語＋謂語＋間接賓語＋直接賓語（S＋V＋IO＋DO）

這種句型中間接賓語常常指人，直接賓語常常指物。He

bought

me

a

birthday

present.

S

V

IO

DO他給我買了一份生日禮物。.

.I.

.

showed

him

my

pictures.S

V

IO

DO我給他看我的照片。【注意】常見的能跟雙賓語的及物動詞：（1）give,

tell,

teach,

write,

bring,

lend,

hand,

show,

offer,

send,

pay,

pass,

allow,

return等后的間接賓語可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞to的賓語?！?/p>

Please

hand

him

a

book.＝Please

hand

a

book

to

him.請遞給他一本書。（2）buy,

do,

get,

fetch,

save,

make,

sing,

choose等后的間接賓語可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞for的賓語?！?/p>

Her

father

bought

her

a

bike.＝Her

father

bought

a

bike

for

her.她的父親給她買了一輛自行車。（3）ask,

answer,

take,

cost等無法改變結(jié)構(gòu)形式。◆

The

car

cost

me

2,000

yuan

for

the

repair.這次修車花了我兩千元。5.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋賓語補足語（S＋V＋O＋C）這種句型中的“賓語＋賓語補足語”可統(tǒng)稱為復(fù)合賓語。Mike

told

me

not

to

go

now.S

V

O

C邁克告訴我不要現(xiàn)在走。They

painted

the

door

green.

S

V

O

C他們把門漆成綠色。6.主語＋謂語＋狀語（S＋V＋A）They

talked

for

half

an

hour.

S

V

A他們談了半個小時。The

time

passed

quickly.

S

V

A時光飛逝。7.主語＋謂語＋賓語＋狀語（S＋V＋O＋A）.

.I.

.

had

my

first

maths

class

in

senior

high

school.S

V

O

A在高中我上了第一堂數(shù)學(xué)課。.

.I.

.

waited

for

him

at

the

school

gate.S

V

O

A我在校門口等他。8.

There

be句型◆

There

is

a

piano

in

my

study.在我的書房里有一架鋼琴?！?/p>

There

are

56

students

in

my

class.我的班里有56名學(xué)生。語法精練Ⅰ.選出下列句子屬于哪種句子結(jié)構(gòu)①S＋V

②S＋V＋O③S＋L＋P或S＋P

④S＋V＋IO＋DO⑤S＋V＋O＋C

⑥S＋V＋A⑦S＋V＋O＋A

⑧There

be…1.Time

flies.

(

)①2.He

enjoys

reading.

(

)②3.The

sun

keeps

us

warm.

(

)⑤4.The

dinner

smells

good.

(

)③5.The

red

sun

rises

in

the

east.

(

)⑥6.There

are

45

students

in

our

class.

(

)⑧7.This

is

an

English-Chinese

dictionary.

(

)③8.I

want

to

have

a

cup

of

tea

very

much.

(

)⑦9.Would

you

please

pass

me

the

dictionary?

(

)④10.She

cooked

her

husband

a

delicious

meal.

(

)④Ⅱ.選詞填空wait

for，

come

true，

look

forward

to，

come

out1.I

can

hardly

___________

my

birthday.wait

for2.When

does

her

new

book

____________?come

out3.Please

tell

your

brother

that

I

will_________________

meeting

him.look

forward

to4.The

dream

of

going

to

a

senior

high

school

has

____________

already.come

true課后篇

課時分層訓(xùn)練合格考過關(guān)練Ⅰ.單句語法填空

閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1.It

felt

_________

（fun）

watching

myself

on

TV.funny2.We

are

all

looking

forward

to

__________

（visit）

your

country.visiting3.________

the

center

of

the

square

stands

the

monument

（紀念碑）.In/At4.Production

（生產(chǎn)）

goes

up

when

production

costs

go

________

year

by

year.down5.Too

many

sweet

foods,

_______

cakes

and

pastry

（油酥糕點）,

may

increase

your

weight.like6.There

are

five

pairs

____________

（choose）

from,

but

I’m

at

a

loss

（不知所措）

which

to

buy.to

choose7.It’s

__________

（help）

to

put

children

in

a

situation

where

they

can

see

themselves

differently.helpful8.Standing

in

a

long

queue

（排隊）,

we

waited

for

the

store

__________

（open）

to

buy

a

new

iPad.to

open9.The

top

leaders

of

the

two

countries

are

holding

talks

in

a

__________

（friend）

atmosphere

（氣氛）.friendly10.Many

animals

suffered

the

same

fate

______

the

large

extinct

（滅絕的）

elephant

because

of

the

environment.as11.The

engine

of

the

ship

was

out

of

order

and

the

bad

weather

added

to

the

helplessness

of

the

crew

_____

sea.at12.In

recent

years,

______

English

word

“infosphere”

has

appeared,

combining

the

sense

of

“information”

and

“atmosphere”.an13.The

_________

（new）

built

café,

the

walls

of

which

are

painted

light

green,

is

really

a

peaceful

place

for

us,

specially

after

hard

work.newly14.Best

of

all,

with

online

education,

we

can

stick

to

our

jobs

and

_____

the

same

time

study

and

absorb

（吸收）

the

latest

knowledge.at15.Cathy

is

taking

________

（note）

of

the

grammatical

rules

（語法規(guī)則）

in

class

at

Sunshine

School,

where

she

has

been

studying

English

for

a

year.notes等級考提分練Ⅱ.閱讀理解A

You

may

not

know

a

lot

of

people

when

you

start

senior

high

school.

Maybe

your

friends

from

junior

high

school

are

going

to

a

different

senior

high

school.

Even

if

you

know

other

freshmen

（一年級新生）,

you

still

feel

anxious

that

you

don’t

know

any

upperclassmen.

How

are

you

going

to

make

friends

among

this

sea

of

unknown

faces?

Most

senior

high

schools

hold

the

freshman

orientation

（迎新會）

before

school

actually

starts.

It

is

helpful

because

you

not

only

learn

your

way

around

the

building

but

also

get

to

meet

some

of

your

teachers

and

fellow

freshmen.

That

way,

when

you

show

up

on

your

first

day

of

school,

you

may

already

recognize

a

few

familiar

faces.

When

you

talk

to

people

at

orientation,

you’ll

probably

find

that

a

lot

of

them

are

feeling

just

like

you

are.

They’re

all

new

to

the

school

and

don’t

know

what

to

expect.

Talking

about

a

common

concern

with

your

classmates

can

help

you

develop

friendships.

The

work

in

senior

high

school

is

something

freshmen

are

probably

worried

about.

It

builds

on

what

you

learned

in

junior

high

school,

giving

you

a

more

advanced

knowledge

of

many

subjects.

So

you

may

find

you

have

more

work

to

do

or

that

it’s

a

bit

more

challenging.

If

you

ever

find

your

work

too

difficult,

teachers

can

give

you

extra

help.

Senior

high

school

also

has

more

after-school

activities

than

junior

high

school,

such

as

clubs,

music

and

theater

groups

and

sports

teams.

This

is

a

good

time

to

explore

your

interests

and

try

new

things.

Junior

high

school

taught

you

the

basics

of

time

management

and

social

skills

while

providing

you

with

a

little

extra

support

and

guidance.

Senior

high

school

gives

you

the

chance

to

learn

how

to

be

more

independent

and

responsible.16.How

do

the

freshmen

usually

feel

on

their

first

day

of

senior

high

school?(

)A.Proud.

B.Nervous.

C.Excited.

D.Curious.B【語篇導(dǎo)讀】

本文是一篇說明文。介紹了高中新生入學(xué)時所面臨的一些問題并給出了合理的建議，同時還介紹了高中與初中的差異。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的信息“Even

if

you

know

other

freshmen

（一年級新生）,

you

still

feel

anxious

that

you

don’t

know

any

upperclassmen.”可知，新生在到學(xué)校的第一天通常都會感到焦慮不安。故正確答案為B。17.What

are

freshmen

probably

worried

about?(

)A.The

learning

task.

B.The

freshman

orientation.C.The

ability

to

make

friends.

D.The

relationship

with

teachers.A[解析]

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的信息“The

work

in

senior

high

school

is

something

freshmen

are

probably

worried

about…a

bit

more

challenging.”可知，在高中學(xué)生將學(xué)習(xí)更高深的知識,學(xué)習(xí)也會更有挑戰(zhàn)性，因此，新生可能會擔(dān)心學(xué)習(xí)。故正確答案為A。18.What

do

after-school

activities

mainly

help

students

to

do?(

)A.Develop

friendships.

B.Build

up

their

strength.C.Develop

their

interests.

D.Improve

their

learning

ability.C[解析]

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段可知，課外活動能發(fā)展學(xué)生的興趣。故正確答案為C。19.What

is

the

last

paragraph

mainly

about?(

)A.What

you’ll

learn

in

senior

high

school.B.What

you

learned

in

junior

high

school.C.The

importance

of

being

more

independent

and

responsible.D.The

difference

between

junior

high

school

and

senior

high

school.D[解析]

段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段可知，本段主要講的是初中教育和高中教育的不同。故正確答案為D。B

An

American

cancer

survivor

has

become

the

first

person

to

swim

across

the

English

Channel

four

times

on

end.

Sarah

Thomas,

37,

completed

the

great

achievement

on

Tuesday

after

over

54

hours

of

swimming.

Her

record-breaking

achievement

came

just

a

year

after

she

completed

treatment

for

breast

cancer

（乳腺癌）.

In

a

video

on

Facebook,

a

small

group

of

people

could

be

seen

cheering

on

the

swimmer

from

Colorado

as

she

made

her

final

arrival

to

the

beach

at

Dover.

Supporters

congratulated

Mrs.

Thomas

on

her

non-stop

swim,

handing

her

chocolate

and

other

gifts.

In

the

video,

Mrs.

Thomas

admitted

to

feeling

“a

little

sick”

but

said

she

had

been

encouraged

to

keep

going

by

her

husband

and

her

team.

Before

the

start

of

her

challenge,

Mrs.

Thomas

wrote

that

she

was

“fearful”

and

admitted

she

was

“going

to

need

some

luck”.

In

a

Facebook

post

made

on

Saturday,

she

dedicated

（奉獻）

the

swim

to

“all

the

survivors

out

there”,

adding,

“This

is

for

those

of

us

who

have

wondered

hopelessly

about

what

comes

next,

and

have

overcome

the

pain

bravely.”

After

her

swim,

Mrs.

Thomas

said,

“I’

m

really

tired

and

I’

m

losing

my

voice

from

all

the

salt

water.”

Asked

what

the

worst

part

of

her

challenge

was,

she

said,

“Probably

dealing

with

the

salt

water

over

two

days.

It

really

hurts

your

throat,

your

mouth

and

your

tongue.”

She

praised

her

support

team

for

helping

her

stay

strong,

adding

that

she

was

very

prepared

for

the

weather,

currents

and

cold

water.

“I

feel

just

mostly

stunned

right

now.

I

just

can’

t

believe

that

we

did

it.”20.What’

s

the

attitude

of

Mrs.Thomas’

s

husband

to

her

swimming

challenge?(

)A.He

refuses

to

support

her.

B.He

never

cares

about

it

at

all.C.He

is

angry

about

her

decision.

D.He

encourages

her

to

keep

trying.D【語篇導(dǎo)讀】

本文是一篇新聞報道。短文報道了曾患乳腺癌的Sarah

Thomas打破了紀錄，成為首位成功連續(xù)橫渡英吉利海峽4次的人。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的信息“she

had

been

encouraged

to

keep

going

by

her

husband

and

her

team”可知，Mrs.Thomas的丈夫一直是鼓勵她繼續(xù)努力的。故選D。21.What

was

the

biggest

challenge

for

Mrs.Thomas?(

)A.The

weather.

B.The

currents.

C.The

salt

water.

D.The

cold

water.C[解析]

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的信息“Probably

dealing

with

the

salt

water

over

two

days.

It

really

hurts

your

throat,

your

mouth

and

your

tongue.”可知，對于Mrs.Thomas來說，最大的挑戰(zhàn)是“咸的海水”。故選C。22.What

does

the

underlined

word

“stunned”

in

the

last

paragraph

probably

mean?(

)A.Frightened.

B.Surprised.

C.Upset.

D.Powerful.B[解析]

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段中的信息“I

just

can’

t

believe

that

we

did

it.”可推知，stunned這個詞的含義是“吃驚的”。故選B。23.What’

s

the

best

title

for

the

text?(

)A.A

Successful

Swimmer

B.A

Woman

Beat

Breast

CancerC.A

Record-breaking

Achievement

D.A

Cancer

Survivor

Made

a

New

RecordD[解析]

標題歸納題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段中的信息“An

American

cancer

survivor

has

become

the

first

person

to

swim

across

the

English

Channel

four

times

on

end.”可知，“癌癥幸存者創(chuàng)下新紀錄”最貼切，最能概括文章中心。故選D。Ⅲ.七選五How

to

make

friends

at

a

new

school?

Starting

at

a

new

school

can

be

difficult.

Everything

seems

to

be

difficult,

and

you

don’t

even

know

where

to

go

for

y