2024年高考英語考綱解讀與熱點(diǎn)難點(diǎn)突破專題19去偽存真短文改錯(cuò)教學(xué)案

PAGEPAGE1專題19去偽存真短文改錯(cuò)題型一、詞法類錯(cuò)誤【題型特點(diǎn)】一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)誤用1．查時(shí)態(tài)是否一樣動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的分析主要從兩個(gè)角度入手：動(dòng)作與時(shí)間。在解題過程中，要著重分析動(dòng)作是“正在進(jìn)行、完成或常常性”，時(shí)間是“現(xiàn)在、過去或?qū)怼?，由此確定時(shí)態(tài)。短文改錯(cuò)的首句或相關(guān)句也往往起提示作用，且特殊留意一些不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的形式：burn(burnt)，learn(learnt/learned)，build(built)，pay(paid)，feel(felt)，catch(caught)，hold(held)，shoot(shot)，eat(ate)，ride(rode)，ring(rang)，sing(sang)，sink(sank)等。2．查語態(tài)是否正確動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)主要分析句子主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系，且特殊留意有關(guān)語態(tài)的一些特殊現(xiàn)象，如beworthdoing(無被動(dòng)形式)，不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義，need/want/requiredoing(＝tobedone)。二、非謂語動(dòng)詞形式誤用1．辨別謂語與非謂語動(dòng)詞。句中已有謂語動(dòng)詞，若再出現(xiàn)動(dòng)詞，又沒有連詞，就應(yīng)留意考慮非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。再依據(jù)其在句中所作成分以及邏輯關(guān)系，來推斷其形式是否正確。2．作主語或賓語不能用動(dòng)詞原形，要改為動(dòng)名詞形式。牢記只能接動(dòng)名詞作賓語的動(dòng)詞。3．駕馭介賓標(biāo)記。介詞后面一般須要跟名詞或動(dòng)名詞，高考短文改錯(cuò)對介詞的判定以及動(dòng)名詞的運(yùn)用問題則是“常客”。以下短語中to為介詞：be/get/becomeusedto(習(xí)慣于)，beaddictedto，devote...to...，beengagedto，payattentionto，lookforwardto，stickto，whenitcomesto...等。4．留意動(dòng)詞不定式符號to的多余或缺失。牢記動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法和習(xí)慣搭配，分清不定式與其他非謂語動(dòng)詞形式的區(qū)分。5．分清現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)分。依據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語之間的關(guān)系來確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞。三、形容詞和副詞誤用1.明確形容詞、副詞的句法功能形容詞用來修飾名詞，或者放在系動(dòng)詞后面構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)或者用在賓語后作賓語補(bǔ)足語；副詞用來修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞或整個(gè)句子作狀語。2.駕馭形容詞、副詞的級表示同級比較時(shí)，用as...as原級形式；表示兩者之間的比較(標(biāo)記詞than)用比較級；表示三者或以上的比較用最高級。須要特殊留意必需避開比較級的重復(fù)運(yùn)用問題。例如：SheismoretallerthanI．本句中taller本身即是比較級形式，故應(yīng)當(dāng)刪去more或者改為much。3．牢記同源副詞的用法在同源副詞中，一種副詞與其形容詞同形，另一種副詞是在形容詞后加-ly。和形容詞同形的副詞往往表示詳細(xì)含義，加-ly的副詞多表示抽象意義，有時(shí)候甚至完全不同。例如：close“接近地”；closely“緊密地；親近地；嚴(yán)密地”。四、名詞和冠詞誤用1．區(qū)分可數(shù)名詞與不行數(shù)名詞依據(jù)名詞的修飾詞以及謂語動(dòng)詞的形式來判定名詞是否可數(shù)。同時(shí)要特殊關(guān)注“抽象名詞詳細(xì)化”這一詞法現(xiàn)象。surprise驚異asurprise一件(個(gè))令人驚異的事(消息等)success勝利asuccess一個(gè)(件)勝利的人/事danger危急adanger一個(gè)(件)危急的人物/事failure失敗afailure一件(個(gè))失敗的事/人honor榮譽(yù)anhonor一個(gè)(件)引以為榮的人(事)disappointment悲觀adisappointment一件(個(gè))悲觀的事(人)2.冠詞的運(yùn)用(1)以輔音音素開頭的單詞前面用不定冠詞a；以元音音素開頭的單詞前面用不定冠詞an。(2)常用固定搭配必需牢記。例如：allofasudden，inahurry，payavisitto，bytheway，inaword，totellthetruth，byaccident，asaresult，inaway，onthewhole，atpresent，inpeace，inadvance，byaccident，onpurpose，bychance，aheadoftime等。五、介詞誤用“三看”選介詞1．看介詞的意義是否通順多留意介詞用法的積累，如表示“詳細(xì)某一天、某一天的上下午或晚上”用介詞on；表示“幾點(diǎn)鐘”用介詞at；表示“月份或者年”用介詞in。2．看介詞的搭配是否符合習(xí)慣?？冀樵~搭配，如atnight，begoodat，dowellin，devote...to...，setoutfor，leavefor，insiston，searchfor，befamousfor，attheageof，shootat，withthehelpof，focusone'sattentionon，beburiedin，getmarriedto等。3．看相像介詞的區(qū)分是否清晰例如：between表示“在兩者之間”，among表示“在三者或三者以上之間”；besides表示“除了……之外還有”，except表示“除……之外”。詞法錯(cuò)誤“三要”1．對重要詞類的功能用法要做到嫻熟駕馭。高考短文改錯(cuò)在詞法類角度主要涉及名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)與不行數(shù))，動(dòng)詞(時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)，形容詞和副詞(詞類誤用、原級、比較級和最高級)，介詞和冠詞搭配等內(nèi)容?？忌鷮σ陨显~類的用法、相關(guān)語法內(nèi)容要做到心中有數(shù)。2．要特殊關(guān)注改正詞的拼法。在改正過程中尤其留意改正詞的拼法和選擇，如形容詞、副詞的比較級和最高級形式是否須要雙寫最終一個(gè)字母，是用不定冠詞a還是an，某個(gè)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是加－s還是－es，某個(gè)形容詞改為副詞時(shí)，是去掉最終一個(gè)字母再加－ly還是干脆加－ly等。3．對出題點(diǎn)要做到心中有數(shù)。解決詞法類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵在于嫻熟駕馭相關(guān)詞類的易考點(diǎn)?？忌熘涛母腻e(cuò)的出題點(diǎn)，對實(shí)虛詞的考查角度了如指掌。如動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)、非謂語動(dòng)詞、形容詞與副詞的誤用、介詞搭配等問題幾乎是每年高考的“必備餐”，考生只有熟識這些出題點(diǎn)，在解答短文改錯(cuò)的過程中牢牢抓住這條“思維線”，問題就會迎刃而解。例1、(2024·全國Ⅰ)Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ifindabigchangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andanotheranimals.LastwinterwhenIwenthereagain，theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofchicken.Theyalsohadasmallpondwhichtheyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellthefish.Ifelthappilythattheirlifehadimproved.Attheendofourtrip，ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears，butheagreed.答案：Duringmylastwinterholiday，Iwenttoeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(the))countrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.Ieq\f(find,found)abigchangethere.ThefirsttimeIwentthere，theywerelivinginasmallhousewithdogs，ducks，andeq\f(another,other)animals.LastwinterwhenIwenteq\f(here,there)again，theyhadabigseparatehousetoraisedozensofeq\f(chicken,chickens).Theyalsohadasmallpondeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(in))eq\f(which,或where)theyraisedfish.Mygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbyeq\f(sell,selling)thefish.Ifelteq\f(happily,happy)thattheirlifehadimproved.Attheendofourtrip，ItoldmyfatherthatIplannedtoreturnforeverytwoyears，eq\f(but,and)heagreed.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了作者的爺爺奶奶生活的巨大改變。4.解析：here→there詞法錯(cuò)誤。去鄉(xiāng)下探望爺爺奶奶，應(yīng)當(dāng)是“遠(yuǎn)指”而非“近指”，故用there。5.解析：chicken→chickens詞法錯(cuò)誤。dozensof很多，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。6.解析：which→where/在which前面加in句法錯(cuò)誤。pond是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，后面的定語從句主、謂、賓成分齊全，故用where或“介詞＋which”引導(dǎo)定語從句；表達(dá)“在池塘里”用介詞in。7.解析：sell→selling詞法錯(cuò)誤。by是介詞，后接動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用其動(dòng)名詞形式。8.解析：happily→happy詞法錯(cuò)誤。feel此處是連系動(dòng)詞，后接形容詞作表語。9.解析：去掉for詞法錯(cuò)誤。everytwoyears是時(shí)間狀語，可獨(dú)立運(yùn)用，不須要介詞。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))解析：but→and行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤?！懊績赡昊剜l(xiāng)下的爺爺奶奶家一次”與“他同意”是順承關(guān)系，故用并列連詞and。【變式探究】(2024·全國Ⅰ)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeighteenbirthday，Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor'sorders，soonceIstartedthecar，mymindgoesblank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“Turningleft！”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteslate，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenlystopjustinthemiddleontheroad.答案：Inthesummerholidayfollowingmyeq\o(eighteen,\s\do11(eighteenth))birthday，Itookdrivinglessons.Istillrememberhowhardeq\o(∧,\s\do10(the/my))firstdaywas.Beforegettingintothecar，IthoughtIhadlearnedtheinstructor'sorders，eq\o(so,\s\do10(but/yet))onceIstartedthecar，mymindeq\o(goes,\s\do10(went))blank.Iforgotwhathehadsaidtomealtogether.Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheeq\o(word,\s\do10(words))，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”“eq\o(Turning,\s\do10(Turn))left！”IwassomuchnervousthatIcouldhardlytellwhichdirectionwasleft.Afewminuteseq\o(late,\s\do10(later))，theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.ItwasareliefandIcametoaeq\o(suddenly,\s\do10(sudden))stopjustinthemiddleeq\o(on,\s\do10(of))theroad.4.解析：goes改為went。考查時(shí)態(tài)。本文講解并描述作者18歲生日后的那個(gè)暑假發(fā)生的事情，且通篇以過去時(shí)為主。此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故把goes改為went。5.解析：word改為words?？疾槊~的數(shù)。依據(jù)下文可知，教練發(fā)出了很多指令，故用word的復(fù)數(shù)形式words。6.解析：Turning改為Turn。考查謂語動(dòng)詞。此處為祈使句，并和上文中的“Speedup”和“Slowdown”并列，故改為動(dòng)詞原形Turn。7.解析：刪除so后的much?？疾楣潭ň湫汀４颂幒小皊o...that...”引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語從句，句中的much多余，故刪除。8.解析：late改為later。考查副詞。late意為“遲，晚”?！耙欢螘r(shí)間＋later”表示“一段時(shí)間之后”，故把late改為later。9.解析：suddenly改為sudden?？疾樾稳菰~。該句中的名詞stop應(yīng)用形容詞修飾，所以把suddenly改為sudden。10.解析：on改為of?？疾楣潭ù钆?。inthemiddleof意為“在……的中間”，故把on改為of?！咀兪教骄俊?2024·全國Ⅰ)MyuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetothatIlive.Thoughnotverybig，buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleevenhadtowaitoutside.Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessishonest.Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetablesorhighqualityoilareusingforcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichintheshortperiodoftime.Instead，hehopesthatourbusinesswillgrowsteady.答案：Myuncleistheownerofarestaurantclosetoeq\o(that,\s\do10(where))Ilive.Thoughnotverybig，buttherestaurantispopularinourarea.Itisalwayscrowdedwithcustomersatmealtimes.Somepeopleeveneq\o(had,\s\do10(have))towaitoutside.Myuncletellsmethatthekeytohissuccessiseq\o(honest,\s\do10(honesty)).Everydayhemakessurethatfreshvegetableseq\o(or,\s\do10(and))highqualityoilareeq\o(using,\s\do10(used))forcooking.Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamseq\o(∧,\s\do10(of))becomingrichineq\o(the,\s\do10(a))shortperiodoftime.Instead，hehopesthateq\o(our,\s\do10(his))businesswillgroweq\o(steady,\s\do10(steadily)).4.解析：honest→honesty。考查名詞。依據(jù)語境“我叔叔告知我他勝利的關(guān)鍵在于誠懇”可知，此處該用名詞形式作表語。5.解析：or→and?？疾椴⒘羞B詞。依據(jù)語境可知，此處不是表示選擇關(guān)系，而是表示“簇新的蔬菜和優(yōu)質(zhì)的油”，故把or改為and。6.解析：using→used。考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。freshvegetables和highqualityoil與use之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。7.解析：becoming前加of。考查介詞。dreamofdoingsth.是固定搭配，意為“幻想做某事”。8.解析：the→a。考查冠詞。此處表示泛指，故用不定冠詞a，inashortperiodoftime意為“短期內(nèi)”。9.解析：our→his。考查代詞。由語境及主語he可知，此處指的是叔叔的生意，故將our改為his才合乎語境。10.解析：steady→steadily。考查副詞。修飾動(dòng)詞grow該用副詞，所以應(yīng)用steady的副詞形式steadily。【舉一反三】(2024·浙江卷)WhenIwasaveryyoungchildren，myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearslate.Everytimehearrivedhomeatendoftheday，we'dgreetheratthedoor.Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowingus.Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.Whiletheychat，myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositinthetopofthefridge.Itwasbothexcitedandfrighteningtobeupthere！MysisterandIthoughthewassocoolforputtingusthere.答案：WhenIwasaveryyoungeq\o(children,\s\do10(child))，myfathercreatedaregularpracticeIrememberwellyearseq\o(late,\s\do10(later)).Everytimehearrivedhomeateq\o(∧,\s\do10(the))endoftheday，we'dgreeteq\o(her,\s\do10(him))atthedoor.Hewouldaskwhoweeq\o(was,\s\do10(were))andpretendnottoeq\o(knowing,\s\do10(know))us.Thenheandmymotherwouldhavehadadrinkwhilesheprepareddinnerandtheywouldtalkabouthisdayandhers.Whiletheyeq\o(chat,\s\do10(chatted))，myfatherwouldliftmysisterandmeuptositeq\o(in,\s\do10(on))thetopofthefridge.Itwasbotheq\o(excited,\s\do10(exciting))andfrighteningtobeupthere!MysisterandIthoughthewassocoolforputtingusthere.4.解析：her改為him?？疾榇~。依據(jù)上文的he可知，此處應(yīng)改為him。5.解析：was改為were。考查主謂一樣。依據(jù)we可知，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故改為were。6.解析：knowing改為know?？疾閯?dòng)詞。pretend(not)todosth.“假裝(不)做某事”，此處是不定式，后面須要用動(dòng)詞原形，故改為know。7.解析：去掉had?？疾閯?dòng)詞。依據(jù)語境和下文的“wouldtalk”可知，此處應(yīng)當(dāng)用woulddo結(jié)構(gòu)。8.解析：chat改為chatted?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)全文的整體時(shí)態(tài)可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，故改為chatted。9.解析：in改為on?？疾榻樵~。onthetopof是固定詞組，表示“在……上面”。10.解析：excited改為exciting。考查形容詞。依據(jù)語境和主語It可知，此處表示“令人激烈的”，故用－ing形式的形容詞。題型二、句法類錯(cuò)誤【題型特點(diǎn)】一、主謂一樣誤用1．判定主語和謂語是解題的關(guān)鍵要解決主謂一樣問題，判定主語是先決條件。either...or，neither...nor，not...but，notonly...butalso，or等連接的并列主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與靠近的那個(gè)名詞或代詞保持一樣；倒裝句和therebe句型中，謂語動(dòng)詞與后面的第一個(gè)主語保持一樣；定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞與它所指代的先行詞保持一樣；強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，連接代詞在句中作主語，這時(shí)它應(yīng)與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語保持一樣。2．駕馭主謂一樣的?？键c(diǎn)①主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間插入alongwith，with，aswellas，togetherwith，except，but，including時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞不受這些插入語的干擾，依舊和主語保持一樣。②從句、不定式、動(dòng)名詞等作主語時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞一律視作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；兩個(gè)以上的名詞組成一個(gè)整體概念作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)。③表示時(shí)間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時(shí)，通常被視作一個(gè)整體，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。二、定語從句和名詞性從句誤用1．確定從句類型、搞清句子結(jié)構(gòu)是關(guān)鍵定語從句中關(guān)系代詞(副詞)的選擇和名詞性從句中引導(dǎo)詞的選擇取決于句子缺少何種成分和意義是否完整。此時(shí)須要從分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)入手，同時(shí)駕馭關(guān)系代詞(副詞)和引導(dǎo)詞在句中的句法功能。which可引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代表主句的內(nèi)容；where在定語從句中充當(dāng)(抽象)地點(diǎn)狀語；what在名詞性從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語等。2．重點(diǎn)關(guān)注定語從句與名詞性從句中的易考點(diǎn)①that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句；②that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，沒有含義，只能在賓語從句中省略；③名詞性從句中，if只能引導(dǎo)賓語從句，但whether可引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句；④that在同位語從句中不充當(dāng)成分，沒有含義，一般不能省略，但在定語從句中可充當(dāng)主語和賓語，且充當(dāng)賓語時(shí)可省略。⑤what是連接代詞，引導(dǎo)名詞性從句并在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。三、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型、虛擬語氣和特殊句式誤用1．駕馭強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其用法強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為“It’s...that/who”．判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在于去掉基本結(jié)構(gòu)后，剩余部分仍舊邏輯完整，運(yùn)用that可強(qiáng)調(diào)人或物，who只能用于強(qiáng)調(diào)人。2．辨別虛擬語氣的情境“句意”是推斷是否為虛擬語氣的重要一環(huán)，解答這類問題要重點(diǎn)考慮時(shí)間、主從句結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)方面。3．關(guān)注特殊句式的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的含義及be動(dòng)詞的選擇、倒裝句中助動(dòng)詞的選擇和時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用、省略句中動(dòng)詞形式的運(yùn)用以及祈使句中句首為動(dòng)詞原形，后半句往往用將來時(shí)等需考生重點(diǎn)關(guān)注。句法錯(cuò)誤“兩不要”1．以“語法分析”為依據(jù)，不要“茫無頭緒”。高考短文改錯(cuò)句法類錯(cuò)誤主要涉及復(fù)合句、主謂一樣、特殊句式等內(nèi)容，詳細(xì)有：①關(guān)系代詞/副詞和引導(dǎo)詞的運(yùn)用；②主謂搭配是否一樣；③特殊句容中助動(dòng)詞和時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用；④therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中系動(dòng)詞be的選擇以及therebe結(jié)構(gòu)have/has的重復(fù)運(yùn)用；⑤強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的運(yùn)用。2．以句子為單位，不要“一葉障目”。在解答句法類錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)候，切勿過多關(guān)注某一個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞，而是應(yīng)當(dāng)首先從整體上推斷句子所表達(dá)的含義，然后摸清所運(yùn)用的句式結(jié)構(gòu)、語法現(xiàn)象等問題，做到“從整體理解到局部分析”，猶如“一覽眾山小”。例1、(2024·全國Ⅱ)WhenIwaslittle，F(xiàn)riday’snightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper，wewouldplaycardgamesofallsortinthesittingroom.Asthekid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthem，myparentswouldnottoletme.Theywouldsaytousthatplay－ingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIunwillingtoplaythegamesforthemsometimes.Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentsareuntilIenteredhighschool.ThegamesmyparentstaughtmewhereIwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.答案：WhenIwaslittle，eq\f(Friday's,Friday)nightwasourfamilygamenight.Aftersupper，wewouldplaycardgamesofalleq\f(sort,sorts)inthesittingroom.Aseq\f(the,a)kid，Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtoeq\f(watching,watch)them，myparentswouldnottoletme.Theywouldsaytoeq\f(us,me)thatplayingcardgameswouldhelpmybrain.StillIeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(was))unwillingtoplaythegameseq\f(for,with)themsometimes.Ididn’trealizehowrightmyparentseq\f(are,were)untilIenteredhighschool.Thegamesmyparentstaughtmeeq\f(where,when)Iwasachildturnedouttobeveryusefullaterinmylife.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了作者小時(shí)候父母不情愿讓他看動(dòng)畫片，而是激勵(lì)他參加玩紙牌嬉戲的故事。6.解析：us→me詞法錯(cuò)誤。依據(jù)行文邏輯可知，此處說的是“我”的事情，所以用對應(yīng)的賓格代詞me作介詞to的賓語。7.解析：在I后面加was句法錯(cuò)誤。beunwillingtodosth.不情愿做某事。此處說的是過去的事情，主語是I，所以連系動(dòng)詞用was。8.解析：for→with詞法錯(cuò)誤。for為了，表示目的，而此處表示“和某人一起玩某物”，故用playsth.withsb.。9.解析：are→were句法錯(cuò)誤。依據(jù)主句的謂語didn’trealize和until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句的謂語entered可知，此處說的是過去的事情，所以are應(yīng)改為were。eq\o(○,\s\up1(10))解析：where→when句法錯(cuò)誤。Iwasachild表示的是時(shí)間而非地點(diǎn)，故應(yīng)用when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句?！咀兪教骄俊?2024·全國Ⅱ)Mr.andMrs.Zhangallworkinourschool.Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemaboutahourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.Intheirsparetime，theyareinterestinginplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.Theyoftengetupearlierandwaterthevegetablestogether.Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.Beside，theyoftengetsomeusefulinformationsfromtheInternet.Whensummercame，theywillinvitetheirstudentspickthefreshvegetables!答案：Mr.andMrs.Zhangeq\o(all,\s\do10(both/all))workinourschool.Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemabouteq\o(a,\s\do10(an/one))hourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.Intheirsparetime，theyareeq\o(interesting,\s\do10(interested))inplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，eq\o(that,\s\do10(which))isontherooftopoftheirhouse.Theyoftengetupeq\o(earlier,\s\do10(early))andwaterthevegetablestogether.Theyhavealsoboughtforsomegardeningtools.eq\o(Beside,\s\do10(Besides))，theyoftengetsomeusefuleq\o(informations,\s\do10(information))fromtheInternet.Whensummereq\o(came,\s\do10(comes))，theywillinvitetheirstudentseq\o(∧,\s\do10(to))pickthefreshvegetables!3.解析：interesting改為interested?？疾樾稳菰~。因?yàn)槭敲枋鲋髡Zthey的心理狀態(tài)，所以運(yùn)用interested“對……感愛好的”。4.解析：that改為which。考查關(guān)系代詞。此處是非限制性定語從句，且關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語，指代上文的garden，所以用which來引導(dǎo)該定語從句。5.解析：earlier改為early?？疾楦痹~。此處沒有比較的含義，所以用early的原級。6.解析：去掉for?？疾榻樵~。buy為及物動(dòng)詞，其后干脆跟賓語，而buysth.forsb.意為“為某人買某物”。7.解析：Beside改為Besides?？疾楦痹~。beside意為“在……旁”，而besides意為“此外”。8.解析：informations改為information。考查名詞。information為不行數(shù)名詞，無復(fù)數(shù)形式。9.解析：came改為comes?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。因?yàn)橹骶洳糠譃橐话銓頃r(shí)態(tài)，所以此處的時(shí)間狀語從句應(yīng)運(yùn)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來意義。10、解析：在students后加to?？疾閯?dòng)詞的固定用法。短語invitesb.todosth.意為“邀請某人做某事”。【變式探究】(2024·全國Ⅱ)Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakeatrip.Ifwestayathome，itiscomfortablebutthereisnoneedtospendmoney.Butinthatcase，wewilllearnlittleaboutworld.Ifwegoonatripabroad，wecanbroadenyourviewandgainknowledgeswecannotgetfrombooks.Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcostmany，yetwecanstilllearnalot.答案：Thesummerholidayiscoming.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouteq\o(how,\s\do10(what))tododuringtheholiday.Wecaneq\o(chose,\s\do10(choose))betweenstayingathomeandeq\o(take,\s\do10(taking))atrip.Ifwestayathome，itiscomfortableeq\o(but,\s\do10(and))thereisnoneedtospendmoney.Butinthatcase，wewilllearnlittleabouteq\o(∧,\s\do10(the))world.Ifwegoonatripabroad，wecanbroadeneq\o(your,\s\do10(our))viewandgaineq\o(knowledges,\s\do10(knowledge))wecannotgetfrombooks.Someclassmatessuggestwecan/eq\o(can,\s\do10(should))gotoplacesofinterestnearby.Ieq\o(thought,\s\do10(think))thatitisagoodidea.Itdoesnotcosteq\o(many,\s\do10(much))，yetwecanstilllearnalot.4.解析：but改為and?？疾檫B詞。前后句之間為并列關(guān)系，故將but改為and。5.解析：在world前加the。考查冠詞。依據(jù)語境可知，此處表示特指，故應(yīng)用定冠詞the。6.解析：your改為our?？疾榇~。因?yàn)榫渥拥闹髡Z為“we”故此處用our。7.解析：knowledges改為knowledge?？疾槊~的數(shù)。knowledge為不行數(shù)名詞，只能用單數(shù)形式。8.解析：刪除can或?qū)an改為should。考查虛擬語氣。suggest意為“建議”時(shí)，其后的賓語從句要運(yùn)用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可以省略。9.解析：thought改為think?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。全文的時(shí)態(tài)均以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，故此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。10.解析：many改為much?？疾榇~。表示“錢”的多少時(shí)，要用much而不是many?！九e一反三】ItisMother'sDaytoday.Thoughit'sawesternfestival，it'spopularinChinanow.Momhasafull－timejob，soshehastodomostofthehouseworks.Sheisagreatmother.BothDadorIplannedtodosomethingonMother'sDay.Wegetupearlyinthemorning.Dadcleanedthehouse，andthenwentonshopping.Whenhecameback，Ifoundabunchofflowersinherhand.IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedinkitchen.ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom'sfavoritest.Atdinner，wesaidtoher，“HappyMother'sDay！”Momwasgratefulandmoving.答案：ItisMother'sDaytoday.Thoughit'sawesternfestival，it'spopularinChinanow.Momhasafull－timejob，eq\o(so,\s\do10(but))shehastodomostoftheeq\o(houseworks,\s\do10(housework)).Sheisagreatmother.BothDadeq\o(or,\s\do10(and))IplannedtodosomethingonMother'sDay.Weeq\o(get,\s\do10(got))upearlyinthemorning.Dadcleanedthehouse，andthenwentonshopping.Whenhecameback，Ifoundabunchofflowersineq\o(her,\s\do10(his))hand.IaskedMomtostayinthesittingroomandIcookedineq\o(∧,\s\do10(the))kitchen.Thedisheswhat/eq\o(what,\s\do10(that/which))IcookedwereMom'seq\o(favoritest,\s\do10(favorite)).Atdinner，wesaidtoher，“HappyMother'sDay！”Momwasgratefulandeq\o(moving,\s\do10(moved)).4.解析：get改為got。本文講解并描述的是在母親節(jié)發(fā)生過的事，所以用一般過去時(shí)。5.解析：去掉on。goshopping”購物”，是固定用法。goondoingsth.意為“接著做某事”，不符合語境。6.解析：her改為his。此處指父親，所以用物主代詞his。7.解析：kitchen前加the。此處特指”我”家的廚房，故加the。8.解析：what改為that/which或去掉what。依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句，先行詞為Thedishes，關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞cooked的賓語，所以用關(guān)系代詞that/which引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時(shí)也可以省略。9.解析：favoritest改為favorite。favorite作名詞時(shí)，意為“特殊寵愛的東西”，該詞作形容詞時(shí)沒有比較級和最高級。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞favorite。10.解析：moving改為moved。母親既感謝又感動(dòng)。moved修飾人，moving修飾物，依據(jù)主語為Mom可知，要用moved。題型三、邏輯類錯(cuò)誤【題型特點(diǎn)】一、連接詞誤用1．重點(diǎn)關(guān)注句意的連貫性和邏輯性解決短文改錯(cuò)中連接詞類錯(cuò)誤，要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注上下句(并列句)之間的邏輯關(guān)系，弄清晰句子與句子之間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系。①句間無連詞，增加連詞。若兩個(gè)句子之間沒有句號、分號，又沒有連詞時(shí)，須要增加連詞。②句間多連詞，刪除連詞。一些受漢語影響的錯(cuò)誤，如although/though...but，because/since/as...so等，一般刪除后面的連詞but和so。③遇到連詞需考慮是否用錯(cuò)。常見的如or，but，and等。2．駕馭常用連接詞的含義和用法①and“和、而且”，表遞進(jìn)、并列或順承關(guān)系；but“但是”，表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系；or“或者、否則”，表選擇或結(jié)果。②notonly...butalso...“不僅……而且……”．both...and...“……和……兩者都”；not...but...“不是……而是……”。③either...or...“或者……或者……”；neither...nor...“既不……也不……”。④while“而、然而”，表對比；when“就在那時(shí)”，并列連詞。⑤狀語從句中從屬連詞：themoment/minute/assoonas/immediately/directly“一……就……”；where“……地方”；because/as/since“由于……”；so/such...that“如此……以至于……”；incase(of)“以防，以免……”；though/although“即使”；asaresult/consequence(of)“結(jié)果/由于……”；whatif“若是……又怎樣”。⑥therefore“因此”；besides“況且、而且”；but/except“除了”；anyway無論如何；however然而；what'smore況且，而且。二、代詞誤用1．人稱代詞的前后一樣性人稱代詞的前后一樣性包括指代的一樣性和單復(fù)數(shù)的一樣性。2．人稱代詞的主格與賓格改變主格人稱代詞在句中作主語，賓格人稱代詞多在句中作賓語。3．物主代詞的數(shù)與格物主代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)與所代替的名詞一樣。形容詞性物主代詞多在句中作定語，修飾名詞；而名詞性物主代詞多在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。4．反身代詞的?？键c(diǎn)反身代詞多用作介詞或動(dòng)詞的賓語；此外，反身代詞指代的一樣性也是重要考點(diǎn)。5．一些常見不定代詞、指示代詞的用法如one...theother表示兩者的“一個(gè)……另一個(gè)”；neither表示“兩者都不”；either表示“兩者中的一個(gè)”；none表示“三者或三者以上都不”；others＝other＋可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。以點(diǎn)帶面，關(guān)注語篇1．以邏輯關(guān)系為抓手，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注文意。有些考生不留意整體把握，不關(guān)注句與句之間的關(guān)系是失分的一個(gè)重要因素。解決語篇類錯(cuò)誤的關(guān)鍵在于弄清晰短文文脈發(fā)展，探討透句與句之間的內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系?？忌獜恼w上把握作者的寫作思路、謀篇布局和邏輯關(guān)系。從整體著眼，關(guān)注句意和情節(jié)發(fā)展是解決連接詞類和代詞類問題的關(guān)鍵。2．駕馭常用代詞與連接詞的含義和用法。部分考生失分在于對某些代詞或連接詞的含義及用法把握不到位，平常應(yīng)留意積累易混代詞或連接詞的區(qū)分。例1、(2024·全國Ⅲ)ItwasMondaymorning，andthewritingclasshadjustbegin.Everyonewassilent，waittoseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhisandherparagraphaloud.Someofuswereconfidentandeagertakepartintheclassactivity；otherswerenervousandanxious.Ihaddonemyselfhomework，butIwasshy.Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofalargergroupofpeople.Atthatmoment，Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid，“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks，andmistakeaswell.”Immediate，Iraisedmyhand.答案：ItwasMondaymorning，andthewritingclasshadjusteq\f(begin,begun).Everyonewassilent，eq\f(wait,waiting)toseewhowouldbecalledupontoreadhiseq\f(and,or)herparagraphaloud.Someofuswereconfidentandeagereq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(to))takepartintheclassactivity；otherswerenervousandanxious.Ihaddoneeq\f(myself,my/the)homework，butIwasshy.Iwasafraidthattospeakinfrontofaeq\f(larger,large)groupofpeople.Atthatmoment，Irememberedthatmyfatheroncesaid，“Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthateq\f(include,includes)learningfromtextbooks，andeq\f(mistake,mistakes)aswell.”eq\f(Immediate,Immediately)，Iraisedmyhand.文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文，描寫了作者在寫作課上的心理活動(dòng)。作者雖然完成了作業(yè)，但還是羞澀，不敢在很多人面前讀文章。作者突然想起父親曾經(jīng)說過的話，受到了鼓舞，于是舉起了手。3.解析：and→or行文邏輯錯(cuò)誤。his與her之間為選擇關(guān)系，而非并列關(guān)系，故用or。4.解析：eager后加to詞法錯(cuò)誤。(be)eagertodosth.渴望做某事，為固定搭配。5.解析：myself→my/the詞法錯(cuò)誤。doone’s/thehomework為固定搭配，意為“做家庭作業(yè)”。6.解析：去掉afraid后的that句法錯(cuò)誤。beafraidtodosth.膽怯 做某事。7.解析：larger→large詞法錯(cuò)誤。由語境可知，前后沒有比較的意味，故用原級。8.解析：include→includes句法錯(cuò)誤。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾place，關(guān)系代詞替代place在從句中作主語，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與先行詞保持一樣。9.解析：mistake→mistakes詞法錯(cuò)誤。句意：……從書本和錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)。mistake是可數(shù)名詞，此處所指的“錯(cuò)誤”不止一個(gè)，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。10.解析：Immediate→Immediately詞法錯(cuò)誤。放于句首，作句子狀語，要用副詞。【變式探究】(2024·全國Ⅲ)WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself，Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.Ihadgrownnotonlyphysically，andalsomentallyinthepastfewyears.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastook，Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecomeanewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.Aroundmeinpicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime:carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.Ienjoyedstudyingdifferencekingsofcarsandplanes，playingpopmusic，andcollectingthelatemusicalbums.Thispictureoftenbringsbacktomemanyhappymemoriesofyourhighschooldays.答案：WhenIlookatthispictureofmyself，Irealizeofhowfasttimeflies.Ieq\o(had,\s\do10(have))grownnotonlyphysically，eq\o(and,\s\do10(but))alsomentallyinthepastfewyears.Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowaseq\o(took,\s\do10(taken))，Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandeq\o(become,\s\do10(became))anewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.Aroundmein