考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷243

考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷243

一、閱讀（常規(guī)閱讀理解）（本題共20題，每題7.0

分，共20分。）

ThenumbersinthejobsreportforFebruarywerebad,butthetrendswereworse.More

thanhalfOfthe4.4millionjobslostsinceDecember2007,whentherecessionbegan,

vanishedinthelastfourmonths.4'Theunemploymentratehasalsosurgedto8.1

percentlastmonthfrom7.6percentinJanuary—andfrom5.0percentwhenthe

recessionbegan.Theranksoftheunemployednowtotal12.5millionpeople.It's

fortunate,then,thatthenation'sfirstlineofdefenseagainstrisingjoblessness一

unemploymentinsurance-wasreinforcedinthestimuluslawthatpassedlastmonth.The

lawincreasesunemploymentbenefitsby$25aweekandallowsstatestoextendthose

benefitsthroughtheendoftheyear.Italsoprovides$7billiontothestatestocovermore

than500,000workersoftenpart-time,low-wageandfemale—whoaredeniedjobless

benefitsunderoutdatedrulesthatapplyinmanyslates.Thoseslates,ofcourse,must

reformtheirsystemstospecificallyincludethoseworkersandtobringtheirprograms

moreinlinewithfederalguidelines.CongressandtheObamaadministrationmustalso

bepreparedtodomoreasunemploymentworsensasitinevitablywillinthiscontracting

economy.In11th-hourwranglinglastmonth,aprovisionwasstruckfromthestimulus

billthatwouldhaveprovidedMedicaidcoveragetounemployedworkerswhodonot

qualifyorcannotaffordtostayontheirformeremployers'grouphealthinsurance.The

measureshouldbereintroducedandpassedintolaw.Indeed,alljob-relatedpolicies

shouldacknowledgethatemploymentisunlikelytoturnaroundanytimesoon.That's

becausetheeconomy'sotherheadwinds—thehousingbustandthestock-market

wipeoutwilldelayanylabormarketrecovery.Withbothsalesandpricesforhomes

declininginmostplaces,manypeoplewhomightotherwisemovetotakeanewjobare

compelledtostayput,especiallyifasalewouldnotbringinenoughmoneytopayoffthe

mortgage.Withstockstanking,manyworkersarclikelytopostponeretirement,

impairingupwardmobilityfbrotherworkersandcrowdingoutnewentrantstothework

force.Thalmeansthatinadditiontoprovidingrelieffortoday'sunemployed,greater

emphasismustbeplacedonjobtrainingandretrainingandonbettereducationatall

levels.Ifajobslumpisshortandshallow,oldjobscomeback.Ifitislonganddeep,like

thecurrentone,someoldjobsneverreturnandevensomeindustriesneverrevive.That

makesitimperativetoprepareasanationfortheprospectofavastlydifferentfuture.

1、Thetrendswereworse,asisevidencedbythefactthat.

A^unemploymentinsurancewasreinforcedinthestimuluslaw

B、asmanyas12.5millionpeopleinAmericaareunemployed

C、theunemploymentralekeptincreasingsincerecessionbegan

D^morethan2.2millionjobsdisappearedinthelastfourmonths

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段中的"Theunemploymentratehasalsosurgedto8.1percent

lastmonthfrom7.6pcrcentinJanuary-aiidfrom5.0percentwhentherecession

began”，C應(yīng)為答案。

2、Underthestimuluslawpassedrecently,.

A、theweeklybenefitfbreachunemployedworkerreaches$25

B、evenpart-timeworkersareentitledtounemploymentbenefits

C、morethanhalfamillionworkersareincludedintheinsurance

D、thestateinsuranceprogramsarcinlinewithfederalguidelines

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“ItalsoprovidesS7billiontothestatestocovermore

than500000workers...oftenpart—time,low-wageandfemale..B應(yīng)為答案。

3、TheObamaadministrationisexpectedto.

A、improveunemployedinsurance

B、detertheeconomyfromworsening

C、introduceaneffectivestimulusbill

D、protectpeoplefromlosingtheirjobs

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第三段中的"CongressandtheObamaadministrationmustalsobe

preparedtodomoreasunemploymentworsens....”和“aprovisionwasstruck...that

wouldhaveprovidedMedicaidcoveragetounemployedworkers…A應(yīng)為答案。

4、Itisimpliedinthetextthatfacilitatesthelabormarketrecovery.

A、theimpairmentofupwardmobility

B、theearlyretirementofmoreworkers

C^thetimelysetupofjob-relatedpolicies

D、thethrivingsalesandpricesfbrhomes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第四段中的"That'sbecause...thehousingbust...willdelayanylabor

marketrecovery”，D應(yīng)為答案。

5、Greateremphasismustbeplacedonjobtrainingandretrainingsince.

A、providingreliefforunemployedisfarfromadequate

B、today'sunemployedshouldbepreparedfornewjobs

C、thecurrentrecessionisunexpectedlylonganddeep

D、theeconomicprospectofournationisstillobscure

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifitislonganddeep,likethecurrentone,some

oldjobsneverreturnandevensomeindustriesneverrevive"，B應(yīng)為答案。

Momwasrightstandupstraight,brushyourhairandquitrunningaround.Thoserules

mayhaveseemedannoying,butitturnsouttheymakeallthedifferenceintheway

peopleperceiveyou.Actionsdon'tjustspeaklouderthanwords—theycancompletely

drownthemout.Andslouchingormovingtoofastthroughtheofficecanmakeyoulook

likeanunderling,accordingtobodylanguageexperts.There'smuchmorethatyourbody

canconvey.Infact,55%ofwhatyoucoinmunicateissaidthroughyourbodylanguage

andfacialexpression,accordingtoonestudy.Knowinghowtosendtherightmessage

canhelpyousucceedinv/orkandinlove.Tobeseenaspowerfulandconfidentonthe

job,therulesareclear:Alwaysstandupstraightandofferasolidhandshake.Also,walk

fasthutnottoofast.Slowwalkersappeartobelessambitious,whilethosewhowalktoo

speedilyarcclearlysubordinates,saysKevinHogan,authorofTheSecretLanguageof

Business.Thosewhowalkwithefficiencylooklikeleaders.Bothsexescansoftenupa

littlewhentheyleavetheworkplace.Inanamoroussetting,mencanroundtheirposture

andshouldbendalittle,sothattheireyesmeettheirdates*atthesamelevel.Eyecontact

iskeytoshowinganotherpersonthatyou'relistening,butthereisarightwayanda

wrongwaytodoit.Trainyoureyesontheotherperson's"goldentriangle",thearea

betweentheeyesandthetipofthenose.Butavoidstaringdirectlyintosomeone's

pupils一itcancomeoffascreepy.Inbothbusinessandpleasure,firstimpressionsare

crucial.Forafirstmeeting,thebestwaytogetonaperson'sgoodsideistoliterallystand

ontheirright-handside."Ifaguycomesupandtalkstoagirlonherleftside,he's

alreadylostthebattle/'saysHogan.Becauseofthewaythebrainworks,over90%ofthe

populationthosewhoarerighthanded-viewpeoplewhostandontheirrightmore

favorablythanthosewhostandontheirleft.Agreatwaytobuildupanotherperson's

comfortistomimichisorhermovements.Ifyourdatetakesasipofwine,dothesame

severalsecondslater.Ifyourbosscrossesherlegs,crossyourstoo.Mirroringis

something"weinstinctivelydowhenweareattracted;wejustdon'tnotice,"saysGregory

Hartley,authorofGetPeopletoDoWhatYouWant.Butwhetherwe'redoingit

unconsciouslyoronpurpose,itwillhavethesameeffect.

6、Theauthorbelievesthatwhenonecommunicateswithothers,actions.

A、don'tspeaklouderthanwords

B、aremoreimportantthanwords

C、cansubstitutewordscompletely

D、arenolessimpressivethanwords

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第二段中的“Actionsdon'tjustspeaklouderthanwords--theycan

completelydrownthemouf\B應(yīng)為答案。

7、One'sconfidencecanbeperceivedby.

A、secretlanguageofbusiness

B、whetherheworkseffectively

C>hisnonverbalcommunication

D、whathesaysandwhathedoes

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第四段第一句"Tobeseenaspowerfulandconfidentonthejob.the

rulesareclear:Alwaysstandupstraightandofferasolidhandshake”,C應(yīng)為答案。

necessary".Fortunatelyfbrthewhales,theresolutionisn'tbinding.Thevotewas33to32

infavor,butitwouldhavetakena75%majoritytooverturntheban.Forwhaling

opponents,however,thevotewasanominoussignofJapan'spowerovertheIWC—and

ofitswillingnesstousestrong-armtacticsandnot-so-subtlebriberytogetitsway.Japan

hasreportedlyshoweredmorethan$100millioninaidinrecentyearsonislandnations

thatithaspersuadedtobackitspro-whalingpositions.AndthoughJapan'salliesdon't

havethevotestooverturnthewhalingban,ittakesonlyasimplemajoritytomakeother

changestotakefuturevotesonsecretballots,forexample,sothatnationscan'tbeheld

accountablefortheirpositions,ortoexcludeantiwhalinggroupsfromIWCmeetings.

Indeed,JapanlastweeksparredonceagainwithGreenpeacetheorganizationthat

agitatedhardestfbrtheoriginalban—untilJapanwaspressuredtobackoff.

11、Theauthorintendsprimarilytotellreadersinthefirstparagraphthat.

A、unrestrictedwhalingwillinevitablyresultinwhales'extinction

B、therehasbeensomeachievementintheprotectionofwhales

C、thewhaleswouldbecomeextinctintheforeseeablefuture

D、whalesarewarm-bloodedmammalsworthstrictprotecting

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:第一段的重點(diǎn)在后兩句"Environmentalgroups...lobbiedhardtobring

thehuntingandkillingtoahalt.In1986theycameveryclose：theInternational

WhalingCommission(IWC)votedloprohibilwhaling...”,介紹了環(huán)保團(tuán)體為保護(hù)鯨魚(yú)

所做的工作和取得的成績(jī)。所以，B應(yīng)為答案。

12、TheInternationalWhalingCommission.

A、isdedicatedtotheprotectionofever-decreasingwhales

B、allowsscientiststoslaughterwhalesfortheirresearch

C、isnotpowerfulenoughtoprohibitunrestrictedwhaling

D、triesitsbesttoprohibitthehuntingandkillingofwhales

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C」「

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第一段最后一句“…theInternationalWhaling

Commission(IWC)votedioprohibitwhaling...”和第二段可知，盡管?chē)?guó)際捕鯨協(xié)會(huì)通過(guò)

了捕鯨禁令，日本、冰島、挪威等國(guó)依然找借口大量捕殺鯨魚(yú)，甚至公開(kāi)蔑視國(guó)際

捕鯨協(xié)會(huì)的規(guī)定。所以，C應(yīng)為答案。

13、TheresolutionpushedthroughbytheJapaneseisn'tbindingbecause.

A^itexploitsillegaltacticstoaccomplishitsaim

B>onlyalewnationsbackitspro-whalingposition

C>itsnot-so-subtlebriberytacticshasbeenrevealed

D、morevotesareneededtooverturnthewhalingban

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D，

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)第四段前兩句"Fortunatelyforthewhales,theresolutionisn't

binding.Thevotewas33to32infavor,butitwouldhavetakena75%majorityto

overturntheban"，D應(yīng)為答案。

14、Itisimpliedthat.

A^futurevoteswillhetakenonsecretballots

B、Greenpeacestronglysupportsthewhalingban

C、nationsopenlytakingpro-whalingpositionarefew

D、bothAlaskaandGreenlandareagainstthewhalingban

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)全文最后一句“J叩anlastweeksparredonceagainwithGreenpeace

theorganizationthatagitatedhardestfortheoriginalbam..“，B應(yīng)為答案。

15、Ihetextismainlyabout.

A、revengeofthewhalehunters

B、theprotectionofdecliningwhales

C、Japan'spowerfulcommandoftheIWC

D、thetacticsusedtooverturnthewhalingban

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A:

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本文第一段主要介紹由于捕殺過(guò)度，鯨魚(yú)數(shù)量大幅度減少的危機(jī)，并

介紹環(huán)保團(tuán)體為保護(hù)鯨魚(yú)所做的工作和取得的成績(jī)。其他四段主要介紹日本等國(guó)家

不顧捕鯨禁令，繼續(xù)捕殺鯨魚(yú)的惡劣行徑，以及為了廢止捕鯨禁令所施展的各種伎

倆。所以，A應(yīng)為答案c

Let'ssayapatientwalksintomyofficeandsayshe'sbeenfeelingdownforthepastthree

weeks.Amonthago,hisfianceelefthimforanotherman,andhefeelsthere'snopointin

goingon.Hehasnotbeensleepingwell,hisappetiteispoorandhehaslostinterestin

nearlyallofhisusualactivities.ShouldIgivehimadiagnosisofclinicaldepression?Or

ismypatientmerelyexperiencingwhatthe14th-centurymonkThomasaKempiscalled

"thepropersorrowsofthesoul"?Theanswerismorecomplicatedthansomecriticsof

psychiatricdiagnosisthink.Tothesecritics,psychiatryhasmedicalizednormalsadness

byfailingtoconsiderthesocialandemotionalcontextinwhichpeopledeveloplow

moodforexample,afterlosingajoborexperiencingthebreakupofanimportant

relationship.Thisdiagnosticfailure,theargumentgoes,hascreatedabogusepidemicof

increasingdepression.Iniheirrecentbook"TheLossofSadnessH(Oxfbrd,2007),Allan

V.HorwitzandJeromeC.Wakefieldassertthatforthousandsofyears,symptomsof

sadnessthatwere"withcause"wereseparatedfromthosethatwere"withoutcause".

Onlythelatterwereviewedasmentaldisorders.Withtheadventofmoderndiagnostic

criteria,theseauthorsargue,doctorsweredirectedtoignorethecontextofthepatient1s

complaintsand.focusonlyonsymptoms—poorappetite,insomnia,lowenergy,

hopelessnessandsoon.Thecurrentcriteriaformajordepression,theysay,largelyfailto

distinguishbetween"abnormal"reactionscausedby"internaldysfunction"and"normal

sadness"broughtonbyexternalcircumstances.Andtheyblamevestedinterestsdoctors,

researchers,pharmaceuticalcompaniesforfosteringthisbloatedconceptofdepression.

Yes,mostpsychiatristswouldconcedethatinthespaceofabrief"managedcare"

appointment,it'sveryhardtounderstandmuchaboutthecontextofthepatient's

depressivecomplaints.Andyes,undersuchconditions,somedoctorsarctemptedto

writethatprescriptionforProzacorZoloftandmoveontothenextpatient.Butthe

vexingissueofwhenbereavementorsadnessbecomesadisorder,andhowitshouldbe

treated,requiresmuchmorestudy.Mostpsychiatristsbelievethatundertreatmentof

severedepressionisamorepressingproblemthanovertreatmentof"normalsadness".

Untilsolidresearchpersuadesmeotherwise,Iwillmostlikelyseepeoplelikemyjiked

patientasclinicallydepressed,notjust"normallysad"—andIwillprovidehimwith

whateverpsychiatrictreatmentheneedstofeelbetter.

16>Ifapersonfeelsthere'snopointingoingon,hemostprobably.

A、failstosleepandeatwell

B、experiencesnormalsadness

C、losesinterestsinallactivities

D^suffersfromclinicaldepression

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：作者在第三段分析了第一段所舉的事例，指出“…psychiatryhas

medicalizednormalsadness...所以，B應(yīng)為答案。

17>Bysaying"abogusepidemic",theauthormean