高中英語北師大版必修五講義Unit14CareersPeriodSixGrammarWriting

PeriodSixGrammar&Writing語法感知把下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語1．Shesaid，“Hewillbebusy.”→2．ShesaidtoTom，“Canyouhelpme？”→3．Theteacherasked，“Howdidyourepairit？”→4．Theteachersaidtothestudents，“Don’twasteyourtime.”→5．Myfathersaid，“Practicemakesperfect.”→6．Thehistoryteachersaidtothem，“TheChinesemunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.”→語法精析一字不改地引述別人的原話，叫直接引語；用說話人自己的話轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，叫間接引語。學(xué)習(xí)由直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，要特別注意以下四個(gè)變化：時(shí)態(tài)變化、人稱變化、狀語變化和句型變化。1．時(shí)態(tài)變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，如主句的謂語動(dòng)詞為一般過去時(shí)，間接引語中的謂語動(dòng)詞一般按下列規(guī)律變化：直接引語時(shí)態(tài)間接引語時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)注意：直接引語變間接引語時(shí)態(tài)不變的情況：(1)當(dāng)直接引語是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象、名言警句等時(shí)。Hesaid，“Theearthgoesaroundthesun.”→Hesaidthattheearthgoesaroundthesun.(2)當(dāng)直接引語中有具體的過去的某年、某月、某日作狀語時(shí)。Mr.Wangsaid，“IwasborninChinainSeptember,1972.”→Mr.WangsaidhewasborninChinainSeptember,1972.(3)當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。Shesays，“MissLiuisgoodatEnglish.”→ShesaysMissLiuisgoodatEnglish.(4)當(dāng)直接引語表示客觀的時(shí)刻時(shí)。Hesaid，“Theplanetakesoffat6：30am.”→Hesaidthattheplanetakesoffat6：30am.2．人稱變化直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，代詞要根據(jù)其在句中的意義作相應(yīng)變化。Hesaidtome，“I’veleftmybookinyourroom.”→Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.3．狀語變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，狀語一般應(yīng)作下列變化：直接引語中的狀語間接引語中的狀語nowthenagobeforetodaythatdaythismorning/week，etc.thatmorning/week，etc.yesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdaymorningthemorningbeforetomorrowthenextday，thefollowingdaylastweek/month，etc.theweek/monthbefore，etc.nextweek/month，etc.thefollowing/nextweek/month，etc.herethereShesaidtome，“Ilivedtherefiveyearsago.”→Shetoldmeshehadlivedtherefiveyearsbefore.注意：直接引語變間接引語時(shí)指示代詞、方向性動(dòng)詞的變化：this→thatthese→thosebring→takee→go4．句型變化(1)直接引語為陳述句時(shí)，變間接引語時(shí)的句型變化：直接引語若為陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，間接引語往往變成由從屬連詞that(在口語中可省略)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，引述動(dòng)詞常用say，tell等，從句中的人稱、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語等都要作相應(yīng)的變化?！癐’mtired，”hesaid.→Hesaid(that)hewastired.(2)直接引語為疑問句時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)除注意在人稱、時(shí)態(tài)和狀語等方面作相應(yīng)變化外，還應(yīng)注意：①間接引語應(yīng)改為陳述句語序；②特殊疑問句的疑問詞應(yīng)保留；③一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反意疑問句在變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)要用連詞whether或if?！癐sthereanythingwrong，Madam？”askedthepoliceman.→Thepolicemanaskedthewomanwhether/iftherewassomethingwrong.Sheasked，“Whatisit？What’sgoingtohappennow？”→Sheaskedwhatitwasandwhatwasgoingtohappenthen.“It’sMary，isn’tit？”askedJane.→JaneaskedwhetheritwasMary.“IsitMaryorLucy？”askedJane.→JaneaskedwhetheritwasMaryorLucy.(3)直接引語若為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，常構(gòu)成簡單句型“引述動(dòng)詞ask/tell/order/advise/warn/remind，etc.＋名/代詞＋(not)todo”。其中，引述動(dòng)詞根據(jù)說話者的語氣來確定。“Don’tmakeamessinthekitchen，”shesaidtohim.→Sheasked/told/warnedhimnottomakeamessinthekitchen.[題組訓(xùn)練]把下列直接引語變?yōu)殚g接引語(1)Theteachersaid，“Thesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.”→(2)“IwenttotheGreatWallyesterday，”LiHuasaid.→(3)Hesaid，“Iwanttoleavetoday.”→(4)“I’lltellyoutomorrow，”shesaidtome.→(5)Shesaid，“Doyouofteneheretoreadnewspapers？”→高考鏈接Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Confuciusbelievedkniveswouldremindpeopleofkillingsand(be)tooviolentforuseatthetable.(2016·全國Ⅲ)2．Iwasn’tabletohidemyeagernesswhenI(ask)，“Whatdoyouwishmetodonow？”(2015·湖南)3．Youhavetoknowyou’regoingifyouaretoplanthebestwayofgettingthere.(2015·湖南)4．Itrulybelievebeautyesfromwithin.(2015·北京)5．Ifyouswiminariverorlake，besuretoinvestigateisbelowthewatersurface.Oftentherearerocksorbrancheshiddeninthewater.(2015·浙江)6．WemustfindoutKarlising，sowecanbookaroomforhim.(2015·重慶)7．Theexhibitiontellsusweshoulddosomethingtostopairpollution.(2015·四川)8．“Whatdoyouwanttobe？”askedMrs.Crawford.“Oh，I(be)president，”saidtheboy，withasmile.(2013·湖南)Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(每小題僅有1處錯(cuò)誤)1．MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouthowtododuringtheholiday.(2016·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯(cuò))2．Ithoughtthatitisagoodidea.(2016·全國Ⅱ，短文改錯(cuò))3．WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.IthinkIwouldbehappythere.(2015·全國Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò))4．Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.(2014·四川，短文改錯(cuò))5．HesaidifIdecidetodosomething，ittakeshimmuchtimetostopme.(2013·大綱全國，短文改錯(cuò))寫作指導(dǎo)求職信屬于公務(wù)信函，格式和用詞比較正規(guī)，其目的在于讓聘用方了解自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)、能力、成就、愿望等，所以個(gè)人情況的介紹應(yīng)該是求職信的核心內(nèi)容，應(yīng)盡可能向?qū)Ψ秸f明本人的長處，以便留下好印象，獲得進(jìn)一步面談的機(jī)會(huì)。求職信一般包括以下內(nèi)容：1．介紹信息來源介紹信息來源通常是英文求職信正文部分的開篇句，它可使求職信顯得自然、順暢。2．表明求職心意介紹完信息來源，應(yīng)向收信人表明自己寫信的目的。3．介紹個(gè)人簡歷并表明自己的優(yōu)勢此部分應(yīng)詳寫，主要包括：出生日期、性別、教育程度、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)、特殊技能等。在介紹情況時(shí)，應(yīng)對(duì)自己最適合所申請(qǐng)的工作的那些方面進(jìn)行詳細(xì)介紹。4．表示感謝并請(qǐng)求答復(fù)常用句式開頭語：1．Ilearnedfromyouradvertisementthatyouareinneedofa．..2．Havingknownthatyourofficeneedsa．..Iwouldliketoapplyforthepost.3．I’minterestedinthepostwhichyouadvertisedinyesterday’sChinaDaily.4．I’mlookingforajobasa．..andwouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsidermeforsuchapostinyourfirm.自我介紹：1．I’mgoodat.../Idowellin.../Imaster...well...2．Ihaveagoodknowledgeof.../Ihavetheabilityto...3．I’llgetonverywellwithmyfellowworkers.4．OnceI’mhired，I’lldevotemyselftothecauseofthe...工作經(jīng)歷：1．Ionceworkedasa．..fortwoyears.2．Iwasworkingasa．..duringtheperiodof...3．In2000Iworked...4．I’vehadtheexperienceof...5．I’vebeen...since...能力：1．IhavelearnedEnglishfor8years.IamverygoodatEnglish，soIhavebeenaneditorofmyschool’sEnglishPaperinthepasttwoyears.2．I’manexcellentstudent，amongthetop5inmyclassof50students.Mygradesareamongthebestonesinmydepartment.3．Ienjoyworkingwithpeople.I’myoungandhealthy，delightfulandhelpful.IcanspeakstandardChineseandI’mgoodatEnglish.IoncewonthefirstprizeofEnglishpetitioninourcollege.I’mveryinterestedintravelingandknowmanyplacesofinterestinChina.4．Iamfamiliarwithputeroperationandofficesoftwares...結(jié)尾：1．IfIcouldhavetheopportunitytogetthejobIwillbequiteappreciative.2．Thankyouforyourconsideration.Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.3．IthinkI’msuitableforthejob.Ifyoucanletmehavethischance，Iwilltrymybesttodoitwell.4．Iwillappreciateitverymuchifyouwouldgivemetheopportunity.Thankyouforyourconsideration.典題示例假如你是李華，25歲，山東大學(xué)英語系畢業(yè)生，英語口語好。當(dāng)過3年英語導(dǎo)游，對(duì)英文秘書工作感興趣?？吹綀?bào)紙上某公司招聘英文秘書的廣告，于是想去該公司應(yīng)聘，請(qǐng)根據(jù)以上個(gè)人情況寫一封求職信。寫作內(nèi)容：1．說明自己的情況：姓名、年齡、學(xué)歷、特長、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及興趣愛好。2．看到報(bào)紙上的廣告，很想應(yīng)聘英文秘書。3．表示自己的誠意。寫作步驟StepOne明確要求1．本文要求寫一封求職信。要按照書信格式書寫，并且應(yīng)包含全部要點(diǎn)。2．行文時(shí)，語氣要符合求職者的口氣，要有禮貌。3．內(nèi)容要充實(shí)，行文要連貫。要恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂藐P(guān)聯(lián)詞，盡量使用非謂語動(dòng)詞及較高級(jí)的句型。StepTwo確定段落Part1從報(bào)紙上獲知一個(gè)秘書的職位。Part2自我介紹并保證能勝任這個(gè)職位。Part3真誠表態(tài)，為公司努力工作。StepThree聯(lián)想詞匯1．閱讀一則廣告2．從……畢業(yè)3．各種各樣的文章4．精通……技術(shù)5．導(dǎo)游經(jīng)驗(yàn)6．被……接受StepFour句式升級(jí)1．讀了您在報(bào)紙上做的廣告后，我希望在您的公司獲得一份英文秘書的工作。(一般表達(dá))IhopetogetthejobasanEnglishsecretaryinyourpanyafterIreadyouradinthenewspaper.(句式升級(jí)1)IwantthejobasanEnglishsecretaryinyourpany.(apply及狀語從句的省略)(句式升級(jí)2)，IamlookingforwardtoworkingasanEnglishsecretaryinyourpany.(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語)2．我于三年前畢業(yè)于山東大學(xué)英語系。(一般表達(dá))IgraduatedfromtheEnglishDepartmentofShandongUniversitythreeyearsago.(句式升級(jí)1)．(用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語)(句式升級(jí)2)．(It’s...since...)3．我能用英語流暢地表達(dá)和寫作，同時(shí)還可以閱讀各種各樣的英文文章。(一般表達(dá))IcanspeakandwriteinEnglishfluently，andIcanreadallkindsofarticlesinEnglish.(句式升級(jí))Iamfluentin.(aswellas)StepFive連句成篇答案精析語法感知1．Shesaidthathewouldbebusy.2.SheaskedTomif/whetherhecouldhelpher.3.TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit.4.Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime.5.Myfathersaidpracticemakesperfect.6.ThehistoryteachertoldthemthattheChinesemunistPartywasfoundedonJuly1st,1921.語法精析題組訓(xùn)練(1)Theteachersaidthatthesunrisesintheeastandgoesdowninthewest.(2)LiHuasaidthathehadgonetotheGreatWallthedaybefore.(3)Hesaidthathewantedtoleavethatday.(4)Shetoldmethatshewouldtellmethenextday.(5)Sheaskedmeif/whetherIoftenwenttheretoreadnewspapers.高考鏈接Ⅰ.1.were2.asked3.where4.that5.what6.when7．why8.willbeⅡ.1.MyclassmatesandIaretalkingabouteq\f(how,what)tododuringtheholiday.2．Ieq\f(thought,think)thatitisagoodidea.3．WhenIwasachild，Ihopedtoliveinthecity.Ieq\f(think,thought)Iwouldbehappythere.4．Today，Iamgoingtotalkaboutwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmeq\f(go,goes)off.5．Heeq\f(said,says)ifIdecidetodosomething，ittakeshimmuchtimetostopme.寫作專題StepThree1．readanad2.graduatefrom3.allkindsofarticles4．beskillfulin...5.guideexperience6.beaccepted