2025年高中英語第16講 閱讀理解之應用文（學生版）-新高二英語暑假銜接（人教版）

第16講閱讀理解之應用文1．了解應用文的解題方法與技巧。2．進行應用文真題訓練。應用文是最貼近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請書、個人簡介、商品說明與介紹、新聞報道等，形式多樣，題材各異，如圖示、表格等。英語《考試說明》對＂讀＂的能力要求之一是：要求考生讀懂一般性話題的簡短文字材料，例如公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中的簡短文章并能識別不同文體的特征。研讀近年全國各地的高考試題可以看出，應用文是高考閱讀理解命題的重要體裁之一。1.考點趨勢：今后對語篇領悟能力的檢測仍是高考的重點和基本點，同時還需關注對主旨大意題和文章結構題的考查。2.理解層次趨勢：表層意義理解題減少，深層含義理解題增多?？疾殡y度有所增加，由簡單尋找信息向多層次細節(jié)推理的趨勢比較明顯。3.信息量和詞匯量：閱讀理解材料信息濃縮，詞匯總量減少，但對詞匯量的考查在加大，非考綱詞匯有所增加(主要為詞根加上前、后綴或有詞義轉(zhuǎn)化的詞)。旨在引導學生掌握詞匯的合成、派生和轉(zhuǎn)化，讓考生能通過上下文或構詞法來理解詞匯的含義?！犊荚囌f明》中＂根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義＂這一新要求預示對能力要求有所提高。4.句子的難度：長句增多，句子難度加大。復合句、省略句、倒裝句和插入語等語言現(xiàn)象普遍。5.體裁和題材：繼續(xù)體現(xiàn)體裁和題材多樣化，并彰顯英語國家語言與文化特點，強化文化意識的滲透。題材涉獵廣泛，體現(xiàn)＂語言是文化的載體＂這一理念。解題技巧高考應用文閱讀理解設題以細節(jié)理解題為主，因此，閱讀這類文章時，應該在整體把握文章結構的前提下，主要注意細節(jié)信息。細節(jié)題的題干都是相應原文的變形(如同義改寫、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)，因此要找到答案一定要找到題干在原文中的出處，再把原文和選項相比較。做題時，根據(jù)所提問題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可達到事半功倍的效果。同時，在閱讀時也要特別注意文中以粗體、大寫、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因為這很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括。具體答題策略如下：1.先題后文先讀試題，了解試題考點；明確目的，快速捕捉，獲取信息。2.題干定向根據(jù)題干關鍵詞到文中定位答案范圍，按照題目順序依次而下：問題與材料相同→對號入座；問題與原文相同→同義替換、歸納事實等。3.生詞模糊遇到生詞；如與答題無關，直接跳過；涉及答題，則根據(jù)語境、構詞法等猜詞。4.信息補全對于影響理解的省略句，可根據(jù)語境，將其補全。總之，應用文類型的閱讀文章一般說來比較易理解，文章類型以廣告形式居多，設問根據(jù)文章的段落秩序，多以細節(jié)事實理解為主，答案的尋找可以根據(jù)問題中的關鍵字順藤摸瓜，輔以適當?shù)耐评砼袛?。了解了應用文的措辭和內(nèi)容特點，我們在實踐中總結出解答應用文試題的關鍵是：抓信息。提示：應用文閱讀題做完后，不可輕易改答案，要相信第一感覺。因為第一次解題時思路最清晰，假如沒十分把握，以不改為好，防止弄巧成拙。（2023春·山東·高二山東省實驗中學?？计谥校〨ermanymaybefamousforitswealthofhistoryandculture,butitalsohousessomeofEurope'smostwildandwonderfullandscapes.JasmundNationalParkItliesonthewestcoastoftheoffshoreislandofRugen.ThisUNESCO-protectedsiteisthesmallestofGermany'snationalparks.ItisherethatpainterCasparDavidFriedrichfoundhimselfinspiredtocreateoneofhismasterpieces,ChalkCliffsonRugen,in1818.HerelongtrailscantakeyouallthewaytotheRugencoastline,wherewhite-sandbeachesandbluewaterswait.BerchtesgadenNationalParkBerchtesgadenisoneofGermany'soldestandmostbeautifulconservationareas.Trailsgoinandoutoftheforestleadingyoualongthebanksofglassylakes.Themoreadventurousvisitorsmaychooseparagliding(滑翔傘運動)fromMountJennerandtheycanflyover1,800meters.Backonthegroundanetworkofmorethan150milesofwalkingtrailstwistthroughtheforest.SouthernBlackForestNatureParkThehighlandareas,withviewsoverSwitzerlandandFranceareagoodplaceforfood-lovers.Activitiesintheparkrangefromhikingandfishingtomountainbiking,whiletheslowertravellerwillenjoythetrailsforanescapefromeverydaylife.TheBliesgauBiosphereThisplaceishometoalmosthalfofallGermanorchid(蘭花)species.Thegrasslandsspreadformiles,drawingindifferentbutterflies.Thankstoitscomfortableclimate,thisisaregionofsustainabledevelopment.Infact,thisparkisanexampleoffarmingdonerightandoffersagriculturaltrickstoanyoneeagertolearn.1．WhatisspecialaboutJasmundNationalPark?A．ItliesontheeastcoastofRugen. B．Itcoversthesmallestarea.C．Itisthemostbeautifulplace. D．Itoffersbeautifulglassylakes.2．WhatcanvisitorsdoinBerchtesgadenNationalPark?A．Drawinspirationforart. B．Enjoyfishing.C．Experienceparagliding. D．Goforabikeride.3．Whichplacebestsuitspeoplewhoarekeenonplanting?A．JasmundNationalPark. B．BerchtesgadenNationalPark.C．SouthernBlackForestNaturcPark. D．TheBlicsgauBiosphere.（2023春·江蘇揚州·高二統(tǒng)考期中）NewYorkBotanicalGarden:All-GardenPassFeelalittleboredwithcitylifeandwanttogetclosetonature?Thisticketisagoodchoiceforyou.FulldescriptionsTheNewYorkBotanicalGardenhasfeaturedthelandscapeofthenortheastsinceitsfoundingin1891.It’slocatedona250-acresitethatcontainsalandscapewithoveronemillionlivingplants,theEnidA．HauptConservatory—agreenhousecontainingseveralhabitats,andtheLuEstherT.MertzLibrary,whichcontainsoneoftheworld’slargestcollectionsofplant-relatedtexts.YourAll-GardenPassincludesadmissiontothe50outdoorgardensandallindoorelementsattheNewYorkBotanicalGarden.Summerbringsrichfloweringtothe50gardensandplantcollections.Thissummer,JeffLeatham,thefamousartisticdirectoroftheFourSeasonsHotelGeorgeVParis,returnsforTheOrchid(蘭花)Show’s19thyear.Visitorswillbesurroundedbyorchidtowersoforange,yellow,andgreenandrollingfieldsofwhite,togetherwithartisticdecorationsandcolorfullights.Travelerrequirements◆Youarerequiredtowearamask.◆Allparticipantsaged5andoldermustpresentproofthattheyhavereceivedtwodoses(劑量)ofanFDA-orWHO-approvedvaccine.Inadditiontoproofofvaccination,allparticipantswhoareover18yearsoldmustpresentagovernment-issuedphotoID,suchasadriver’slicense,apassport,etc.KnowbeforeyougoMostofthegardenconsistsofoutdoorspaces,andavisitcanincludelotsofwalking,sobesuretodressaccordingly.4．WhatcanweknowabouttheNewYorkBotanicalGarden?A．Itishometomanyrareplants.B．Itfeaturesanorthwesternlandscape.C．Itisfamousforgreenhouseplanting.D．Itcollectsalargenumberoftextsaboutplants.5．WhatcanvisitorsdoatTheOrchidShow?A．Buildorchidtowers.B．Learntoraiseorchids.C．Enjoycolorfullights.D．TakephotoswithJeffLeatham.6．Whatshoulda16-year-oldboybringwhenvisitingtheNewYorkBotanicalGarden?A．Proofofvaccination. B．Recenttravelrecords.C．Lightclothing. D．AphotoID．（2023春·廣東湛江·高二統(tǒng)考階段練習）Mentalhealthisastateofmentalwell-beingthatenablespeopletodealwiththestressesoflife,realizetheirabilities,learnwellandworkwell.Herearesomefreeappsthatcanhelpyouimproveyourmentalhealth.TalkspaceThistherapyappmatchesyouwithatherapist(治療師)licensedinyourstatewhocanconnectwithyouviatext,voice,orvideomessagingtoprovideguidanceandsupport.Itcouldbeespeciallyhelpfulforpeoplewhoneedmorefrequentsupportthanthetraditionalonce-a-weeksessionorwhodon’tfeelcomfortabletalkingthroughtheirissuesfacetoface.SmilingMindFreetherapyappsarehardtocomeby,butthisfreemeditationappfromAustraliaoffersaselectionofmeditationstohelpyoufindyourinnerpeace.SmilingMindofferskid-friendlymeditations,anoptiontobookmarkfavoritemeditations,andchartstotrackyourmindfulnessprogress.HappifyThisappisperfectforencouragingself-care,withassignmentsandactivitiesaimedatimprovingyourmoodandyourlife.Afteryoutakeanassessmenttodetermineyourareasofinterest,Happifyrecommendsafewtasksforyoueachday,eachtakingjustafewminutestoaccomplish-withthereasonthetaskworks.SuperBetterBuildresilience(恢復)withthisfreehappinessappbasedonresearchandabestsellingbookbythesamename.SuperBetterturnsbuildingstrongermentalhealthintoagame.Everydayitsetsyouonadifferentquesttohelpyouimproveyouroptimismandlifesatisfaction-andresearchersfoundthatusingtheappcanhelpreduceanxietyanddepression.7．Whichofthefollowingappsisfitforkids?A．Talkspace. B．SmilingMind. C．Happify. D．SuperBetter.8．WhatisspecialaboutSuperBetter?A．Itservesasagame.B．Itneedsanassessment.C．Itprovidesmoresupport.D．Itrecommendstasksdaily.9．Whatdothefourappshaveincommon?A．They’refree.B．Theymatchyouwithanexpert.C．They’rebasedonabest-seller.D．Theyoffertasksofdifferenttimeranges.（2023春·遼寧朝陽·高二校聯(lián)考期中）BestAnimatedMoviesofAllTimeThesearethefinestanimatedmoviesevermade.Theseentertaininganimationclassicsarethebestofalasting,ever-developingmodernartform.SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfsAsthefirsteveranimatedfeaturefilminhistory,thisisalsothefirstanimatedfilmtowinOscars.Despitethehugelackoffunds,WaltDisneybetthefarm(孤注一擲)onthismusicalfantasy.Alotofpeoplethoughthewascrazytobelieveaudienceswouldconnectthemoviewithhand-drawncreationsin80minutes.MulanMulanwasbasedonaChineselegendandtoldthestoryofawomanwhopretendedtobeaman,andreplacedherfathertofightinthewar.ThefilmtooktheideaoftheDisneyprincessesandturneditonitsheadwithaverystrong-willedandpowerfulfemaleleadingtheway.ThefilmfinallypickedOscars.WALL-EHowcouldageneralaudiencein21stcenturyempathize(產(chǎn)生共鳴)witharobotwhobarelysaysaword?Well,big-eyed,kind-hearted,sensitiveandromanticWALL-Eisoneofthegreatestwonders,andhisdangerousjourneythroughouterspaceisnothingshortoffascination.YoucanexpectthisOscar-winningmovietolastaslongasthegreatsilentcomediesofCharlieChaplin.TheLionKingThefilmtellsthestoryofSimba,thelittle,whofinallybecamethekingofthegrasslandwiththecompanyofmanyenthusiasticfriends.Withnoshortageofgrandscene,memorablecharacters,andhumour,thisAfrica-setlooseadaptationofHamletsitsonthetopofthemountain.Itwasawardedforitsattractivemusic.10．WhatisspecialaboutSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs?A．Itistheearliestfilmevermade.B．ItisthefirstfilmtowinOscars.C．Itsprocessoffilmingwentwell.D．Itwasdoubtedbeforeitsrelease.11．WhatdoWALL-EandCharlieChaplin’sworkshaveincommon?A．Therearefewlines.B．Theheroesarerobots.C．TheywereOscar-winningfilms.D．TheyweresetinChineseculture.12．WhichisadaptedfromShakespeare’sworks?A．SnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarfs. B．Mulan.C．TheLionKing. D．WALL-E.（2023春·遼寧大連·高二校聯(lián)考期中）RegulationsforOn-campuslivingAppliancesApprovedappliancesforuseinstudents’roomsinclude:clocks,computers,fans,televisions,lampsandsinglecupcoffeemakerswithoutastay-onheatingelement.Studentsmayusethefollowingapplianceswithcare:hairdryers,ironsandheatingpads.Theseappliancesmaynotbeusedatallinstudentrooms:gasappliances,electricblankets,candlewarmers,non-university-providedairconditionersandrefrigerators.DamageStudentsareresponsiblefortheconditionoftheirroomandthefurnitureassignedtothatroom,aRoomInspectionRecordmustbecompletedandsignedbyeachstudent.Fromthisrecord,hallstaffcanidentifyproblemsandmakeneededrepairs;studentsalsoavoidchargesfordamagedonebypreviousoccupants.StudentswillbechargedforanydamagefoundintheroomthatisnotnotedontheRoomInspectionRecord.CookingBecausecookingisnotpermittedinstudentrooms,eachhallhasakitchenorkitchenettefortheuseofallstudents.Studentsmustcleanupaftercooking.Thisisnottheresponsibilityofhousekeepingstaff.Withtheexceptionofusingamicrowaveoventoheatfood,studentsarenotpermittedtocookintheirrooms.PetsPetscancreatesafetyandsanitation(衛(wèi)生)problems,andtherefore,arenotpermittedinstudents’rooms.Fishistheonlyacceptablepetpermittedinaroomandmaynotbekeptintanksnolongerthan5gallons.Studentswhoarefoundwithunacceptablepets,whethervisitingorownedbythem,arefacinganinitialfineof$100andacontinuingfineof50adayperpet.Studentsreceiveawrittennoticewhenthefinegoesintoeffect.Ifoneweekfromthedateofthewrittennoticethepetisnotremoved,thestudentisreferredtotheStudentCourt.13．Whichofthefollowingitemsareallowedinstudentrooms?A．Ironsandfridges B．TVsandhairdryersC．Lampsandelectricblankets D．Coffeemakersandgasappliances14．Whichofthefollowingisnotagainstregulations?A．Usingamicrowavetoheatfoodintheroom. B．Leavingthetrashunremovedaftercooking.C．Boilingtwoeggsintheroom. D．Refusingtosharethekitchenwithothers.15．Ifastudenthaskeptadoginhisroomfor4dayssincethewarning,hewillface______.A．Afineof$100. B．Afineof$300. C．TheStudentCourt. D．Anoralwarning（2023春·遼寧·高二校聯(lián)考期中）Ifyourbookshelfiscollectingdust,oryou’retryingtostartreadingmore,booksubscriptionscanbeadelightfulwaytosolveallyourliteraryproblems.Aneatly-packed,littleboxofbooksthatsitsonyourdoorstep,waitingforyoutoopenanddelightinallitsgoodness,abooksubscriptionissimplyoneoflife’sgreatestjoys.BoxofBooks,$49.99permonthatGreatjoy.Treatyourselftooneortwogreatreadsandfournoveltyitemseachmonth,pickedjustforyou.Rangingfromcurrentbestsellerstohiddengems(寶石),theBoxofBooksmakesagreatgiftforanybooklover.MysteryBookSubscriptionBox,$75persixmonthsatPreloved.Enjoyagreatselectionofprelovedbooks,comingstraighttoyourdoorforsixmonths,witharangeofextrastokeepyoureadingcomfortably.Youcanexpecttoreceivethreeorsixbookssenttoyoumonthbymonth,acrossagenreofyourchoice.MyCoffeeandBookBox,$38.99permonthatEtsy.Getlostintwonewhardcoverbooksfromyourgenreofchoicewhileenjoyingthefinestgourmetmicro-roastedcoffee.Ittrulyisthebestofbothworlds.Youcanchoosefromfiction,non-fiction,mystery,horror,sci-fi,fantasy,romance,orevenoptforasurprisechoice.UltimateMysteryBookSubscriptionBox,$95perquarteratIsubscribe.Senttoyoumonthbymonth,eachboxcontainsthreeorsixgreatbookswithonehand-drawnbookmark,anewhandmadecandleinavarietyofcolours,scentsandcontainers,andnewpairofsocks.16．Whichsubscriptionisthecheapestone?A．BoxofBooks. B．MysteryBookSubscriptionBox.C．MyCoffeeandBook.Box D．UltimateMysteryBookSubscriptionBox.17．Wherearehandmadearticleloversmostlikelytogo?A．Isubscribe. B．Etsy. C．Preloved. D．Greatjoy.18．Onwhichcolumncanyoufindthepassage?A．News. B．Celebrity. C．Lifestyle. D．Parenting.（2023春·重慶·高二重慶一中校考期中）Athens:MorethanaSummerHolidayDestinationWhiletheGreekislandsarepopularforsummerholidays,Athensisayear-rounddestination.Soevenifyou’reflyingtoGreecejustfortheislandsun,hereareafewreasonstospendtimeinthecapitaltoo!TheAcropolisEvenifyou’renotafanofhistory,someoftheancientsitesyoujusthavetovisit—andthisisprobablythemostfamousoneinAthens.TheAcropolisisanancientcityatthetopofahill,andhereyou’llseetheParthenon,atemplebuiltalmost2,500yearsago.It’sworthclimbingup,too,fortheviews—ofthesea,mountainsandLycabettusHillrisingupbetweenthecity’sapartmentbuildings.ThestreetsofPlakaandMonastirakiIfyoustillhaveenergyafterclimbingtheAcropolis,takeawalkaroundthenearbyarea.YellowandwhitebuildingslookdownonthesmoothstonestreetsoftheareaknownasPlaka.StopatthegiftshopsortakeabreakfromthesunwithaGreekcoffeeoratraditionalmealinoneofthelocalrestaurants—ortavernas.Walkonandyou’llsoonfindyourselfinthenarrowerstreetsofMonastirakiwithitsfleamarketsonallsides,givingyouarealGreekexperience.PanathenaicStadiumClosetothecenteroftownandnotfarfromtheNationalGardenistheancientPanathenaicStadium,whichwasrestoredforthefirstmodernOlympicGamesin1896.It’salsotheplacewheretheAthensmarathonfinisheseveryyear,soifyoulikerunning,youtoocouldfeellikeanOlympicwinner!ThecoastWhenyou’reinthecenterofAthens,itdoesn’tfeelmuchlikeacoastalcity,buttheseaisjustafewminutes’driveaway.Thebeachesgetbetterthefurthersouthyougo,oryoucanwalkbytheboatsintheshadowofthestylishnewoperahouse.19．Whichofthefollowingplacesisamust-goifyouwanttoseeancientrelics?A．ThePlaka. B．TheAcropolis. C．Panathenaic. D．Monastiraki.20．WhatcanyoufindinthestreetsofMonastiraki?A．GiftsshopsandGreekcaféwithtraditionalmeals.B．Narrowstreetswithlocalrestaurantsandsouvenirstores.C．Anoutdoormarketwheresecond-handgoodsaresoldatlowprices.D．Yellowandwhitebuildingslookingdownonthesmoothstonestreets.21．WhereshouldyougotofindAthens’bestbeaches?A．InthecitycenterofAthens B．Oppositethenewoperahouse.C．Drivingawayfromthecountry D．Goingsouthfromthecitycenter.（2023春·遼寧沈陽·高二校聯(lián)考期中）Alotofpeoplelikemoviesandfilms.Theycanaddthrillandimaginationstoourlives.Findthelatestmoviereviewshere.FamilyRomanceLoveisabusinessatFamilyRomance-acompanythatofferstherentalservice.FounderYuichiIshiihelpsfulfillthedreamsofhisclients.Mahiro’smotherwillhireIshiitoplayashermissingfather.Andrealitywillbegintobeunclear.CriticsConsensus(共識):Itisafascinatingexplorationofhumanconnectionandfollowsanunconventionalpath.MulanThefearlessandspiritedeldestdaughterofanhonouredwarrior,Mulanistheappleofherfather’seye.TosaveheragingfatherfromservingintheImperialArmy,cleverMulandisguises(喬裝)herselfasamansoldiernamed“Ping”tobravelytakeherfather’splaceintheImperialArmytobattlenortherninvadersinChina.CriticsConsensus:Itcouldhavetolditsclassicstorywithgreaterdepth,butthelive-actionMulanisavisualimprovement.GreenlandAfamilyfightsforsurvivalasaplanet-killingcomet(彗星)racestoEarth.JohnGarrity(GerardButler),hiswifeAllisonandyoungsonNathanmakeadangerousjourneytotheironlyhopeforrefuge(避難).Amongterrifyingnews,theGarritysexperiencethebestandworstinhumanitywhiletheybattletheincreasingpanicandlawlessnesssurroundingthem.CriticsConsensus:Beware,cometsofGreenland:GerardButler,isheretoprotectEarthandshowaudiencesanimprobablyentertainingtime.BlackBoxHavinglosthiswifeandhismemoryinatragiccaraccident,thenewsphotographerNolanWrightisdesperate.Afterlosinghiswifeandmemory,NolanWright,asinglefatherundergoesanexperimentaltreatmentthatcauseshimtoquestionwhohereallyis.CriticsConsensus:Aninterestingworkofwriter-directorEmmanuelOsei-Kuffour,BlackBoxmakesupforalackofsurpriseswithstrongperformancesandanemotionallyrewardingstory.22．Whichmovieshouldhavepresentedabetterstoryaccordingtocritics?A．FamilyRomance. B．Mulan. C．Greenland. D．BlackBox.23．Ifyoulikeseeingsciencefictions,whichonewouldyouchoose?A．FamilyRomance. B．Mulan. C．Greenland. D．BlackBox.24．Inwhichsectionofthenewspapercanyoureadthistext?A．Advertisement. B．Science. C．NewsReport. D．Entertainment.（2023春·江蘇南京·高二校聯(lián)考期中）Mostofthe60,000emergenciesthattheRedCrossrespondstoeachyeararelocal,personaldisasterslikehomefires.Theymaynotmakethenews,butweknowtheyarejustasdevastating(破壞性)tothefamiliesaffected.Sojoinustoanswerthecallwhenyourneighborsneedhelp.Trainedandavailable,DisasterActionTeamvolunteersarereadytorespondtotheseemergencies,24hoursaday,365daysayear.Fromofferingashouldertocryontomeetinganyimmediateneedsforshelterorsupplies,toconnectingpeoplewithlongtermrecoveryservices,ourvolunteersensurethatfamiliesdon’thavetofacetoughtimesalone.Disasteractionteamvolunteerssharethesequalities,lifeexperiencesandskills:?Teamspirits?Tenderhearts?Disasterresponseexperience?Acommandoftwolanguages?Calmnessandpatienceduringstressfulsituations?Availabilityandflexibilityforatleast4-6hoursperweekDisasterActionTeamvolunteershelplocalfamiliescopewithemergencies.Homefiresandotherdisasterscanoccuranytime,anyplace.AsaDisasterActionTeamvolunteer,you’llprovideemotionalsupport,financialassistance,andinformationtohelpfamiliesbegintheprocessofrecovery.Afteryourinitialtraining,yourshiftswillincluderespondingtoemergencieswithin2hours,nightorday,rainorshine,eitheronthesceneoractingremotelytoprovideimmediatecare.Withexperienceandfurthertrainingyoucantakeonleadershiptohaveawiderimpact.Note:thevolunteerpositionsavailabletoyouwillvarydependingonyourlocationandtheneedsofyourlocalcommunity.25．WhatisthedutyofaDisasterActionTeamvolunteer?A．Trainresidentsonsafetyawareness.B．Givepermanentsupporttothevictims.C．Helppeoplehandleemergenciesatanytime.D．Guideothervolunteerstotakeinstantaction.26．WhatisrequiredofaDisasterActionTeamvolunteer?A．Theabilitytostaycool. B．Outdoorsurvivalskills.C．Oversealearningexperiences. D．Serving4-6hoursmonthly.27．Wheremightyoureadthisarticle?A．Inanewspaper. B．Inam