2010年高考英語語法輔導(dǎo)課件-名詞性從句

1、名詞性從句,NOUN CLAUSES,在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。,名詞性從句,主語從句,表語從句,賓語從句,同位語從句,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞,在名詞性從句中一律用陳述句的語序，即使從句表達(dá)的是疑問含義。,The problem is what he has done to the little boy.,問題是他對那個(gè)小男孩做了些什么。,1. 主語從句,在句中作主語的句子叫主語從句。,主語從句通常由從屬連詞that，whether 和連接代詞what, who, which, whatever, whoever以及連接副詞how,when,where, why等詞引導(dǎo)。,th

2、at在從句中無詞義，whether 有詞義，他們不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用；連接代詞和連接副詞在句中既保留自己的疑問含義、又起連接作用，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。,What he wants to tell us is not clear.,他要跟我們說什么，還不清楚。,Who will win the match is still unknown.,Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.,That he stole a bike was true.,單個(gè)的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。如果是兩個(gè)或

3、兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語，謂語動詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,Where and when he was born has not been found.,When the person was murdered and why he was murdered are still unknown.,有時(shí)為避免句子頭重腳輕，常用it 代替主語從句作形式主語放于句首，而把主語從句置于句末。主句的謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。常用句型如下：,1）It + be + 名詞（no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.) + that從句 Its

4、 a pity that we cant go. Its no surprise that our team has won the game. (我們隊(duì)贏得了比賽，這不足為奇。）,2）It + be + 形容詞(obvious, true, natural, surprsing , good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.+ that從句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. It is probable that he told her ev

5、erything. 3）It + be + 動詞的過去分詞 (said, reported, supposed, believed, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc. ) + that從句 It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. It is decided that the meeting has been put off till next Monday.,4）It + 不及物動詞 + that 從句,It didnt matter that he wasnt

6、 present.,注意:在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語氣時(shí)，謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有：,It is necessary /important, a pity/ /natural /strange, etc.) that Its strange that you should have done such a silly thing. Its a pity that you (should) be such a kind of person.,練習(xí)：,It is obvious to the students _ they shou

7、ld get well prepared for their future. A. as B . which C. whether D. that 選D, that引導(dǎo)主語從句，在從句中不作句子成分， it是形式主語,2. _ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games were held in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which B, 句意：我們都知道， 2008年奧運(yùn)會在北京舉行。本題是由一個(gè)主語從句is known to us all和一個(gè)表語從句that the 2008 Olympics組

8、成，主語從句中缺少主語，用what指代這一事件， 注意本題可轉(zhuǎn)化為It is known to us all that the 2008.（作形式主語）；以及As is known to us all, the 2008.（引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）,3._ wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. A. Anyone B. The one C. Whoever D. Who C, 句意：任何一個(gè)想住旅館的人必須支付自己的費(fèi)用。whoever 此處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句， 相當(dāng)于anyone who; anyone和 the one 后少who,

9、 who表特指，故排除。 4、_ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. A. It B. This C. What D. As C，句意：她告訴我，對她來說最重要的是她的家庭。句子可以調(diào)整為：What was most important to her was her family.注意：命題者故意在句中插入了she told me。,5. _ team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships. A. No matter what B.

10、 No matter which C. Whatever D. Whichever 6._ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services. A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever,2. 賓語從句,用作賓語的從句叫賓語從句。,引導(dǎo)賓語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語動詞或介詞及非謂語動詞的賓語。 常見的可以接that從句作賓語的動詞有 see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, sh

11、ow, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等.在可以接復(fù)合賓語的動詞之后， 如think, make, consider等,可以用 it作形式賓語。,Do you know (that) he has joined the army? Im sure (that) he will pass the exam. We think it highly probable that he is dead. We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. He has made it

12、 clear that he will not give in.,1.)由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。,He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.,He said (that) the exhibition was excellent and that he wanted to visited it once more.,注意:在demand, order, suggest, advise

13、, decide, insist, desire, request, recommand , be determined , require , 等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用 “should+ 動詞原形”。,I insist that she (should) do her work alone.,The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once.,但是, 如果suggest作“表明、暗示”講, insist作“堅(jiān)持說、堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”講，則其后的賓語從句中應(yīng)該用陳述語氣。,The smile on hi

14、s face suggested that he had passed the examination.,He insisted that he didnt tell a lie.,3)用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,whether和if均可引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句，?？苫Q。但從句中有or not且or not緊跟在引導(dǎo)詞后面時(shí)或介詞后的賓語從句中只能用whether引導(dǎo)。其它名詞性從句，如：主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句只用whether. I dont know whether / if he will come or not . I dont know whether or not

15、he will come.,Everything depends on whether we have enough money.,I dont care about whether you have money or not. /whether or not you have money .,介詞后的賓語從句一般不用which和if引導(dǎo)，要用whether和what。that也很少引導(dǎo)介詞賓語從句，只在except, but, in等之后才用。,4)賓語從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),賓語從句的謂語動詞時(shí)態(tài)受主句謂語動詞的影響，如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)從句中的謂語動詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài)；,I know

16、that he studies English every day.,I know (that) he will study English next year.,We all know that he has studied English since 1998.,I know that he studied English last term.,如果主句中的謂語動詞用了一般過去時(shí)，則從句中的謂語動詞只能用過去時(shí)的某種形式，如一般過去時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去將來時(shí)等；,We believed that he had earned enough money to build a house.,Th

17、e teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。,The teacher told us that the sun rises in the east.,5)當(dāng)主句是I/ We think (suppose, expect, believe, guess, imagine) 時(shí)，其后的賓語從句如果是否定形式，常把否定詞not從從句中轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中成為否定的轉(zhuǎn)移。,We dont believe that he will win the game.,I dont think he

18、will do so.,doubt用于肯定結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用whether/ if 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句；用于否定結(jié)構(gòu)或疑問結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，后面用 that 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。be sure 用于肯定句或疑問句時(shí)，后接 that 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；用于否定句時(shí)，后接whether/if 引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。,連接代詞whoever，whatever，whichever可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，相當(dāng)于anyone who, anything that等。它們也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 no matter who/ what/ which。,Whoever breaks the law should be punished

19、.,練習(xí)： 1. She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do _ it takes to save her life. A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever Could I speak to _ is in charge of International Sales ? A. who B. what C. whoever D. whatever 3. At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few m

20、onths to see _ it got any better. A. when B. how C. why D. if,4. Many young people in the West are expected to leave_ could be lifes most important decision- marriage- almost entirely up to luck. A. as B. that C. which D. what 5. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel impor

21、tant and loved. A. what B. why C. whom D. which 6. Then how to book can be of help to _ wants to do the job. A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D.whoever,7. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. A. what B. that C. which D. on

22、e 8. Having checked the doors were closed, and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. A. why B. that C. when D. where 9. The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make _ it is. A. what B. which C. how D. where,10. Choosing the rig

23、ht dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. A. what B. why C. how D. whether 11. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased _ he was a man of action. A. which B. that C. what D. whether 12. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to

24、study abroad. A. if B. where C. whether D. that,3. 表語從句,在句中作表語的句子叫表語從句。,引導(dǎo)表語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，表語從句位于連系動詞后，有時(shí)用as if, as though , because 引導(dǎo)。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 主語 + 系動詞 + that從句,The fact is that we have lost the game.,Thats just what I want.,That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,It looks as if it is goin

25、g to rain.,This is because he missed the train by one minute.,需要注意的是，當(dāng)主語是reason 時(shí)，表語從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。,The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.,The last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the Water Park. A. where B. how C. when D. why 2. Why no

26、t try your luck downtown, Bob? Thats _ the best jobs are. A. where B. what C. when D. why 3. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree. A. why B. where C. what D. how,4. 同位語從句,同位語從句說明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。,同位語從句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念 的名詞后,如 news, idea, information, fact, hope, thought, beli

27、ef 等，用來說明名詞所表示的具體內(nèi)容，,引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞通常有that, whether和連接副詞when, where, why, how；連接代詞who，what，whose，which通常不引導(dǎo)同位語從句。,I have no idea when she will be back.,同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別：,that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語時(shí)可以省略 that引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。,I had no idea that you were here.,Have you got the id

28、ea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？,(that引導(dǎo)同位語從句,不能省略）,(that引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）,- Is any possibility _ you could pick me up at the airport? - No problem. A. when B. that C. whether D. what 2. We should consider the students request _ the school library provide more books on popular science. A. that B. when C. which D. where,3. The fact has worried many scientists _ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years. A. what B. which C. that D. though 4.Danby lef