實用易懂的非謂語動詞講座

1、分詞作定語 、 非謂語動詞作賓語補足語、賓語、狀語,英語中每個動詞都有謂語動詞和非謂語動詞之別。所謂非謂語動詞即不可以做句子的謂語但可以做句子其他成分（如主語、賓語、狀語等等）的動詞形式。 英語中共有三種非謂語動詞：doing， to do，done 下面我們將要學(xué)習(xí)的是這三種非謂語動詞在做各種成分時需要注意的一些問題,一 非謂語動詞作狀語,英語中的狀語一般由狀語從句（即連詞+句子）充當(dāng)，如： 1）when I got to the airport, the plane had taken off. 2）While I was playing football, I had my left l

2、eg injured. 然而，當(dāng)主句和從句的主語為同一人或物時，則可以對從句進行省略。 主動語態(tài)的從句 doing 被動語態(tài)的從句 done 如： 1. While I was playing football, I had my left leg injured. While playing football, I had my left leg injured. 2. Because he was invited to the party, he felt quite happy. Because invited to the party, he felt quite happy,注意：（

3、1）大多數(shù)時候前面的連詞也可以一并省去。 （2）分詞可以做各類狀語（時間、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨等等）， （3）to do只能作目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語(作 結(jié)果狀語時一般只有only to findonly to be told這兩個結(jié)構(gòu))，如： He takes exercise every morning so that he can lose weight. He takes exercise every morning to lose weight. We hurried to the station only to find that the train had gone. （4）not

4、 要放在非謂語動詞之前。 Not knowing what to do, he turned to his teacher for advice. 將下列句子中的狀語從句改寫成非謂語動詞作狀語的形式： 1. While he was working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. (While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 2. If I am given more time, Ill be able to do it better. Given more time,

5、 Ill be able to do it better. 3. He worked day and night so that he can support his family. He worked day and night to support his family.,用所給動詞的正確形式填空,1. English well, you need to keep practising speaking it.(learn) 2. He dropped the glass, it into pieces.(break ) 3. by the neighbors, he became the

6、 pride of his parents.(praise) 4. regularly, the flower will surely survive.(water) 5. _ on time, this medicine will be quite effective.(take) 6. up in a small village, he is very curious about the outside world.(grow) 7. I had to shout myself heard.(make) 8. from the top of the hill, the town is be

7、autiful.（see） 9. He hurried home only his money stolen.（ find ） 注意：having done為doing的完成體（兩者都和主句的主語為主動關(guān)系） having been done為done的完成體（兩者都和主句的主語為被動關(guān)系） 只是若分詞的動作明顯發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞所表示的動作之前，則用分詞的完成體，且一般有for +時間段 或 since等提示詞，如： Having suffered heart disease for years, she died last month. Having been told many time

8、s, she finally understood it.,二非謂語動詞作主語和賓語,（一）關(guān)于非謂語動詞做主語 英語中能做主語非謂語動詞只有doing 和 to do（do和done不能做句子的主語） 1. Take exercise is good for your health.(take taking) 2. Learn English is not easy.(learn learning) （二）關(guān)于非謂語動詞做賓語 下列動詞要求用to do作賓語，即構(gòu)成 類似want to do的結(jié)構(gòu)： want, wish, hope, expect, ask, pretend, care,

9、decide, happen, long, offer, refuse, fail, plan, prepare, demand, afford, beg, manage, agree, promise 下列動詞或動詞短語要求用doing做賓語，即構(gòu)成 類似enjoy doing的結(jié)構(gòu): enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid, excuse, delay, imagine, keep, miss, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, cant stand, cant help, admit ，consider，risk，pr

10、actise，forbid，mind,熟記：以下動詞既可以+to do 也可以+doing，但意義有別： doing （已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作） forgetrememberregret + to do (將要發(fā)生的動作) doing (意味著做某事) doing (嘗試做某事) Mean + Try + to do（打算去做某事） to do（努力做某事） Stop doing （停止正在做的事） stop to do（停下來去做）,注意：doing作主語時往往會在前面加上其邏輯主語：ones + doing doing作賓語時往往會在前面加上其邏輯主語：物主代詞+doing或 ones + doi

11、ng 如： 1. Do you mind opening the window? Do you mind memy opening the window? 2. Toms attending my wedding made me happy.(Toms 此處不能換成Tom),用動詞的正確形式填空,三 非謂語動詞做賓語補足語,（一）以下動詞后用to do做賓語補足語，即可以構(gòu)成tell sb to do的結(jié)構(gòu)： ask, tell, beg, allow, want, like, hate, force, invite, persuade, advise, order, cause, encou

12、rage, wait for, call on, permit, forbid，wish，expect，would like等。 注意：以上動詞若用于被動語態(tài)則其后必定接to do，即： Sb be allowed (not) to do (二) 感官動詞后用分詞（doingdone）作賓語補足語。常見的感官動詞有： see, watch, notice, hear, feel, smell, find, catch(抓住) 下面我們以see為例 講一下感官動詞后接賓語補足語的方法。 doing（與賓語成主動關(guān)系） see +賓語（名詞或代詞）+ done（與賓語成被動關(guān)系） 如：1. I saw a stranger knocking at your door. 2. I saw a stranger bitten by your dog.,注意：若感官動詞用于被動語態(tài)則其后的非謂語動詞按動詞和主語之間的主被動關(guān)系, 即：the boy was seen playing near the lake. the boy was seen knocked down by a car. （三） 使役動詞后往往用分詞作賓語補足語，而且各使役動詞的用法都有區(qū)別，所以大家務(wù)必一一記清每個使役動詞的用法。 adj. adj. A . make sbsth do