托?？谡Zppt課件

1、1,What is SPEAKING?,Speaking is the productive, oral skill. Speaking is an interactive process of constructing meaning that involves producing and receiving and processing information. Speaking is often spontaneous, open-ended, and evolving(變化發(fā)展的)，but not completely unpredictable.,2,總之，一句話，,口語是要說出來的

2、。,3,What is TEST?,A test is a series of questions that you must answer or actions that you must perform in order to show how much you know about a subject or how well you are able to do something.,4,總之，一句話，,考試的時候，盡量說自己熟悉的會說的東西.,5,What is speaking test in TOEFL IBT?,2+4 組合（開放型+控制型） 2: 獨立口語部分 independ

3、ent 4: 綜合口語部分 integrated,6,1. 獨立口語部分:,Task 1: Personal experience （小學(xué)生作文水平） Task 2: Personal preference （中學(xué)生作文水平）,7,2. 綜合口語部分:,1) Read listen-speak Task 3 conversation (campus-based) Task 4 lecture (academic) 2) Listen speak Task 5 conversation (campus-based) Task 6 lecture (academic),8,Time limit,T

4、ask 1 15 45 Task 2 Task 3 45 30 60 Task 4 Task 5 20 60 Task 6,9,3Y Standards 3y標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Accuracy Fluency Spontaneity,10,ETS 標(biāo)準(zhǔn),Delivery(表達(dá))- How clear your speech is. Good responses are those in which the speech is fluid and clear, with good pronunciation, natural pacing, and natural sounding-patterns.,11

5、,Language Use (語言使用)- How effectively you use grammar and vocabulary to convey your ideas. Raters will be looking to see how well you can control both basic and more complex language structures and use appropriate vocabulary.,12,Topic Development(話題展開)- How fully you answer the question and how cohe

6、rently you present your ideas. Good responses generally use all or most of the time allotted, and the relationship between ideas and the progression from one idea to the next is clear and easy to follow.,13,0-4,Organization （topic dev.） Comprehensibility （delivery） Fluency （delivery） Pronunciation （

7、delivery/L. use ） Grammar （L. use） Vocabulary（L. use）,14,Unit 1 新托福口語糾音 美音解密,一三四五原則 一大發(fā)音特色 三大音變 四大發(fā)音秘訣 五個輔音音素,15,“一”大發(fā)音特色,The car cant be parked in the car park right now.,16,Two donts,不要上來就卷 不要遇到/就卷,17,重度卷舌,scarf large sharp warm sport four girl perfect her,18,輕度卷舌,teacher doctor popular worry hurr

8、y sorry modern western government yesterday Saturday understand pattern,19,下列/ /不卷舌,really idea Gloria Christmas breakfast society quiet possible holiday violin bottom of,20,campus focus famous nervous precious delicious,21,“三”大音變:,/ a: / / / 在/ f, m, n, s, / 前 after, example, France, class, bath /

9、/ / D / boss, popular / i / / / believe, before,22,Exercises:,afternoon half laugh staff graph branch dance advance cant chance answer aunt advantage disadvantage ask fast last past master task bathroom path,23,Some more,God not Harry Potter doctor box obvious belong beside eleven below between,24,“

10、四”大發(fā)音秘訣,長,雙元音飽滿到位 短元音急促有力 連音 省音,25,1. 長元音: /i:/ /:/ /u:/ : / /a:/,Seeing is believing. You are superb. Ill see you soon. Can I talk to you for a minute? Please calm down.,26,對比練習(xí),beach bitch sheet shit leave live thirteen thirty fool full food foot,27,雙元音 /ai /,I like China. He likes to fly kites in

11、 the sky. Mike likes to write by the nice bright light at night.,28,mind kind style smile,29,/ei/,You are the same as everybody else. The seat is taken.,30,Read these,play today rain pain fail nail,31,/e/ vs. /ei/,get gate men main tell tail met mate set sate(使心滿意足),32,/i/ vs. /ei/,lit late bit bait

12、 kit(工具箱) Kate stick steak,33,/au/,Do you provide a horse or a house? We found you. Are you going downtown?,34,Read these,now how about down town /aun/ ang found,35,2. 短元音急促有力,/ /i/ /u/ / / / / /e/ / / sun fun /n/ an run,36,/e/ Vs. / /,pen pan head had lend land men man celery salary temper tamper(干

13、預(yù)),37,Good cookies could be cooked by a good cook if a good cook could cook good cookies.,38,It is not because things are difficult that we do not dare but because we do not dare that they are difficult.,39,3. 連音,輔+元 a cup of coffee CNN first of all not at all look at it put it on pick it up take it

14、 easy in an hour,40,/ r / +元,after all far away there is for instance for us her own as far as I know I know where it is.,41,元+元,/j/ be on time stay up say it go to the airport /w/ grow up knew it do it flew away UN cooperation January situation and so on,42,4. 省音: 輔 + 輔,失爆 : 爆破音+ c 疊合 : c+ c 擊穿 : c

15、+ h,43,Examples:,big country good child blackboard outside picture definitely bad dog big girl grab Bob good deal,44,some money some more with them this semester That makes sense. ask her take her teach her burn her give him a big hand,45,“五”個特別注意的輔音音素,/v/ never very well /w/ where overwhelming twen

16、ty question /r/ row train drink / / usually confusion /l/ little school world,46,練習(xí)1:,Here is an example. Don (t) forge (t) to have so (me) milk. Does i (t) tas (te) good? I will try it out later myself. I (d) li (ke) to make an appointment for a checkup. Don (t) ma (ke) ca (t) calls a (t) girls.,47

17、,練習(xí)2:,In my family, my mother has influenced me greatly because she has so many good qualities. She is very well educated and keeps an open mind. Her thinking is very modern. She is able to understand people from different generations.,48,In addition, shes a good listener. This makes her tolerant of

18、 other peoples opinions. Her personal values set a good example for me to follow in my life. The way she treats people and thinks makes me want to become the best person I can be. This is why I think my mother has influenced me the most in my life.,49,Unit 2 真題解析,Task 1 話題范圍(OG 提出): people, objects,

19、 places, events. 考查目的： Describing Expressing opinions Explaining Giving examples,50,Task 2,話題范圍：education, media, technology, culture, life, work, leisure, success, others 考查目的： Expressing opinions Explaining Giving examples Contrasting,51,Task 3,學(xué)校硬件設(shè)施問題 硬件設(shè)施停用 硬件更新 硬件修復(fù)及改建 硬件新建或增加 硬件發(fā)生故障 （computer

20、 lab ）,52,圖書館場景 通常情況不外乎一下幾種： 學(xué)生詢問圖書館資源使用情況 到圖書館借閱或請求延期歸還 到圖書館打印paper 注冊課程失敗，到圖書館詢問原因 去圖書館自習(xí) 在圖書館兼職 圖書館重修 技術(shù)革新,53,學(xué)校軟件政策問題: 課程問題 住宿問題 教授的辦公時間 學(xué)?；ㄙM問題 課外活動,54,Task 5,Scheduling conflicts Unavoidable absences Unavailable resources Student elections Financial difficulties,55,Scheduling conflicts,具體分為以下幾種

21、情況： 活動Vs. 活動 課程Vs. 課程 學(xué)習(xí)Vs. 活動 學(xué)習(xí)Vs. 打工,56,Task 4, 6,話題范圍：心理學(xué)，生物學(xué)，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)，藝術(shù)，天文學(xué)，生態(tài)學(xué)，廣告學(xué)，考古學(xué)，物理學(xué)，教育學(xué)，文學(xué)，歷史，科技，音樂，農(nóng)業(yè)，地球生物學(xué) T3-6考查目的： Summarizing Synthesizing,57,Unit 3 Task 1-people,綜合人物類 專門特質(zhì)類,58,OG P209,Choose a teacher you admire and explain why you admire him or her. Please include specific examples

22、and details in your explanation.,59,在真題高頻出現(xiàn)， 只是問法稍作改變。,1. Describe a person that you admire most. （ 06. 3. 17， 06. 10. 22考題） 2. Describe a person that influenced you most. （06. 5. 26考題） 3. What characteristics do you think a good teacher should have? （06. 3. 3， 07. 11.3考題） 4. Describe a famous perso

23、n that you admire. （08.6.22考題） 5. Describe a person you enjoy talking with, explain why you enjoy talking with him or her. （08.10.12考題）,60,審題：,1）要確定關(guān)鍵詞不至于跑題。 eg. person (admire) book (important, useful) event (happy, memorable) object (special)- dog 因為接下來闡述的理由都要為其服務(wù)。 2）然后1 內(nèi)想好要描述的人，物，事，地。 3）接著，迅速bra

24、instorm 理由。列出提綱。 4）要確定時態(tài)，是現(xiàn)在，過去還是未來。,61,Sample answer:,The teacher I admire in my education was my math teacher. The most impressive thing about him was the way he taught us. He was always firm, yet also humorous and funny. I still remember the first time he came to our class.,62,He asked what was 2

25、 and 2 ? Many of the students shouted out 4 4 4 .but he told us the answer was 22. For a few moments, we did not understand, but then we realized his answer was, oddly enough, correct. We laughed a lot. We just laughed together.,63,Not only did we learn math, but we also learnt how to do things well

26、, and with attentionskills not only for math but also for life. We also realized that our attitude was very important in achieving things, in being successful. I think we all admired him and I certainly did.,64,A students response,The teacher I admire in my education is my English teacher. The most

27、impressive thing about her is her sense of humor. She can make English learning great fun and give everyone in her class a lot of pleasure.,65,Whats more, she always explains hard things in the easiest way. Sometimes she even plays games to help us remember difficult language points. Not only does s

28、he teach us about English but also she tells us how to do things well, and with attention. Thats even more important for a student. So thats why I admire her most.,66,IBT結(jié)構(gòu)提綱：,IBT結(jié)構(gòu)= Intro +Body 【brainstorming】+ Transitional words Intro=觀點（get to the point） Body=理由（reasons）+細(xì)節(jié)（points）+例子（examples）（可

29、有可無） Transitional words =過渡詞,67,Transitional words,First Firstly First of all First and foremost To begin with For starters To start,68,And, Also, Plus, Besides, In addition, Whats more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, More importantly, Apart from that, Other than that, Next to that, On to

30、p of that,69,Finally, Lastly, Last but not least, Most of all, All in all, In general, In one word, In conclusion, To conclude, In summary, To sum up, To summarize, In a nutshell, In short, In closing,70,例 2,Describe a person you admire. Explain why you admire this person.,71,IBT結(jié)構(gòu)提綱1：,Intro: Nelson

31、 Mandela Body: 1. excellent speaker 2. political prisoner 3. president Transitional words: first, second, third 結(jié)語：strong leader,72,Sample 1: (a given answer in the book),I admire Nelson Mandela for several reasons. First, he is an excellent speaker, and his ideas inspire many people. Second, he spe

32、nt over 20 years in jail as a political prisoner. However, that experience didnt stop his dream. Third, he became the president of South Africa when he was 70 years old. I admire Nelson Mandela because he was a strong leader for his country at a time of change. 6句,73,Former President of South Africa

33、,74,IBT結(jié)構(gòu)提綱2：,Intro: Martin Luther King Body: 1. great leader 2. peaceful protests and demonstrations 3. magnificent speaker Transitional words: first, second, third 結(jié)語： hero,75,Sample 2-my own version,I admire Martin Luther King for several reasons. First, he was a great leader in the civil rights

34、movement. He was very strong to stand up against prejudice even though people threatened both him and his family. Second, he strongly advocated peaceful protests and demonstrations. He maintained that love and respect would overcome hate and prejudice. Third, he was also a magnificent speaker. His v

35、oice was so powerful that it could really move people. Thats why he has always been a hero of mine. 8句,76,Martin Luther King,77,8句模板,a. 1+6+1 （中間段選擇3個理由，每個理由2句，構(gòu)成6句。 開頭結(jié)尾各1句。） b. 2+4+2 （中間段選擇2個理由，每個理由2句，構(gòu)成4句。 開頭結(jié)尾各2句。 理由實在找不出的時候，可使用這種組合，開頭結(jié)尾各占1句廢話） c. 1+5+2 （中間段選擇3個理由，前2個寫正面理由，各2句，后1個寫反面理由1句。 開頭1句，結(jié)

36、尾2句。 這個組合比較適用第二題。） d. 2+5+1 （中間段選擇3個理由，前2個寫正面理由，各2句，后1個寫反面理由1句。 開頭2句，結(jié)尾1句。 這個組合也適用第二題。）,78,綜合人物類模板 1,I admire _ for several reasons. First, _. Second, _. Third, _. So thats why I admire _ the most.,79,綜合人物類模板2,When it comes to the person I admire the most, _is the one. The most impressive thing abou

37、t him（her） is that _. _. Whats more, _. _. In addition, _. _. Thats why he（she） has always been a hero(heroine) of mine.,80,When it comes to the person I admire the most, Old Fish is the one. The most impressive thing about him is that he started a school from nothing and has become the richest teac

38、her in China. As a successful young entrepreneur, he indeed sets a good example for me to follow in my own life. (理由1+細(xì)節(jié)),81,Whats more, he is not greedy or having love for riches. He donated 8 million yuan to the earthquake-hit areas in Sichuan Province, southwest of China. (理由2+例子) In addition, he

39、 is very nice as a leader, showing compassion and love for his fellow men and affecting them in a positive way. Almost 10,000 people work for him all around China. (理由3+例子) Thats why he has always been a hero of mine.,82,例3,What are important characteristics you look for in friends?,83,Characteristi

40、cs in friends,honest loyal trustworthy integrate (正直的)/upright forthright (坦率的)/straightforward friendly,84,kind not pushy or controlling a good sense of humor funny fun to be around fun and lots of laughter,85,similar interests compassionate considerate/thoughtful supportive understanding caring,86

41、,patient sensitive respectful sharing appreciate one another non judgmental（品頭論足的） have morals,87,be a good listener be able to keep secrets enhance your life, not drag you down tell you the truth about you regardless of how it affects the friendship not criticize (tell stories) you behind your back

42、 tell you your short-comings at your mouth （當(dāng)面）,88,almost never praise you in front of you have something in common but not everything want to spend as much time as possible with like being together and sharing good times with,89,wont leave you if you are in trouble be friends in sunshine and in sha

43、de stand by you in the hour of any sort of need always be there when you need them.no matter what time day or night care for you even when the times are bad and even more when the times are great,90,stand up for you and apologize to you after a fight wont teach you bad stuffs good friends teach good

44、 things like you unconditionally not expect a lot from the friendship give you a shoulder to cry on whenever you need one,91,Sps:,I think what makes a good friend is someone whos honest, supportive and understanding. A person who is and is alsois what I think makes a good friend. They must be/have I

45、 depend on my friends to be I have to count on my friends to I think a good friend is someone who I just look for someone who is/ can/ V-s Id say they have to be a kind person that,92,專門特質(zhì)類模板1,I think what makes a good friend is someone who is _,_ and _. To begin with, I just look for someone who is

46、 _. He should _. Also, _. _. Finally, Id love to spend more time with someone who can _. You know, _. So _, _ and _ are the characteristics that I look for in_.,93,Sample answer:,I think what makes a good friend is someone who is honest, supportive, and has a good sense of humor.,94,To begin with, I

47、 just look for someone whos honest to me no matter what. He should not tell stories behind my back; he should tell me my short-comings at my mouth, but never praises me in front of me.,95,Also, it is a well known saying that A FRIEND IN NEED IS A FRIEND INDEED. I just think that a good friend should

48、 stand by me in sunshine and in shade.,96,Finally, Id love to spend more time with someone who can make me laugh and is fun to be around. You know, laughter has lots of benefits like reducing stress and increasing health.,97,So honesty, being supportive and having a sense of humor are the characteri

49、stics that I look for in friends.,98,例4,What do you think are the qualities of a good leader？,99,Effective leadership,honest (-y) integrate (-ity) trustworthy (-iness) resilient (cy) （彈性） intelligent (-ce) committed (ment),100,informed vision influential efficient persistent unyielding fortitude(堅韌不

50、拔),101,get things done a good listener a good speaker knows how to express themselves a good strong quick (not speedy) decision maker,102,know how to follow as well willing to stand up for what they believe in think about the big picture ability to be a non-conformist(不教條),103,compassion & love for

51、your fellow man not greedy or having a love for riches be able to lead and know what to do in situations affect the people in a positive way,104,strength to stand up and fight for what they want ability to make not just speedy but intelligent decisions Honesty would be good, but if lies are needed t

52、o get stuff done, so be it.,105,專門特質(zhì)類模板2,In my view, a good _ should have different characteristics. First, a good _ should be _. _. Another important characteristic of a good _ is _. _. Most of all, a good _ should _. These qualities are what I think makes a good _.,106,In my view, a good leader sh

53、ould have different characteristics. First, a good leader should be influential. By instilling（灌輸）values and morals into the team, he can organize it and motivate people to do their task. Another important characteristic of a good leader is efficiency. An efficient leader is more of a people gathere

54、r. He should lead his team on the basis of peoples strengths to fill in the gaps(取長補(bǔ)短) and accomplish a purpose. Most of all, a good leader should be persistent cause the key to success is endurance, being a non-quitter. These qualities are what I think makes a good leader.,107,tpo1,1. Talk about a

55、book you have read that was important to you for some reason. Explain why the book was important to you. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.,108,Recently, I read a book named Keep the aspidistra flying written by George Orwell. The book influences me a lot because the story ha

56、s something that touches my heart. The story talks about a man who wants to be a poet and who abandons many well-paying jobs to pursue his dream of being a poet. I have a similar experience of quitting a very good job in order to be a writer.,109,Also, the man in the story is lack of money because h

57、e works as a bookstore assistant and thus has a very low salary. He lives in a shabby apartment and sometimes have no money to buy food. Again, Ive got similar experience. I once lived in a cramped apartment alone and had no money. The book is important to me because it touches me and gives me encouragement to persist.,110,2,Some people believe that television has had a positive influence on society. Others believe it has had a negative influence on society. Which do you agree with and why? Use d