初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)匯總

1、語(yǔ)法訓(xùn)練,名詞性從句,戴孟霞,English Grammar 名詞性從句 名詞性從句是由if, whether, that 和各種疑問(wèn)詞充當(dāng)連接詞所引導(dǎo)的從句，其功能同名詞一樣。,一主語(yǔ)從句,主語(yǔ)從句是在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前或由形式主語(yǔ)it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1. It 作形式主語(yǔ)和it引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的比較,It 作形式主語(yǔ)代替主語(yǔ)從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞沒(méi)有變化。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you

2、 didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.,2. 用it 作形式主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu),(1) It is 名詞 從句 It is a fact that 事實(shí)是 It is an honor that 非常榮幸 It is common knowledge that 是常識(shí) (2) It is 形容詞 從句 It is natura

3、l that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) It is 不及物動(dòng)詞 從句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 It appears that 似乎 (4) It 過(guò)去分詞 從句 It is reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道 It has been proved that 已證實(shí) It is said that 據(jù)說(shuō),3. 主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況：,（1）if 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： It is said that Pres

4、ident Jiang will visit our school next week. That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesnt matter how/whether 結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： It

5、 doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. （5）含主語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句是疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? Is that will rain in the evening likely?,4. what 與that 在引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的區(qū)別 what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)在句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，如主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)，而that 則不然。例如： 1) What you said yeste

6、rday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation.,It is right what you said yesterday.,It is a consolation that she is still alive.,二賓語(yǔ)從句,賓語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作賓語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (及物動(dòng)詞) 或介詞之后。,1. 作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ) (1) 由that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句(that 通常可以省略), 例如： I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓

7、語(yǔ)從句，例如： She did not know what had happened. I wonder whether you can change this note for me. (3) 動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.,2. 作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.,3. 作形容詞的賓語(yǔ)，例如： I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. 注

8、意：that 引導(dǎo)的從句常跟在下列形容詞后作賓語(yǔ)： anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語(yǔ)從句。,4. it 可以作為形式賓語(yǔ) it 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而真正的賓語(yǔ)that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中

9、。 例如： We heard it that she would get married next month.,5. 后邊不能直接跟that 從句的動(dòng)詞 這類動(dòng)詞有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。如： I admire their winning the match. I admire that they won the match.,6. 不可用t

10、hat從句作直接賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 有些動(dòng)詞不可用于“動(dòng)詞間接賓語(yǔ)that從句“結(jié)構(gòu)中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.,7. 否定的轉(zhuǎn)移 若主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, gues

11、s, imagine等，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句若含有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語(yǔ)上，從句謂語(yǔ)用肯定式。例如： I dont think this dress fits you well. 我認(rèn)為這件衣服不適合你穿。,三表語(yǔ)從句,表語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作表語(yǔ)的名詞性從句，放在系動(dòng)詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)從句”?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句的that?？墒÷?。另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 1) The question is whether we can mak

12、e good preparation in such a short time. 2) This is why we cant get the support of the people. 3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.,四同位語(yǔ)從句,1. 同位語(yǔ)從句的功能 同位語(yǔ)從句對(duì)于名詞進(jìn)一步解釋，說(shuō)明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導(dǎo)，例如： 1) The kings dec

13、ision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。,2. 同位語(yǔ)在句子中的位置 同位語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,3. 同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的

14、區(qū)別,(1) 定語(yǔ)從句中的that既代替先行詞，同時(shí)以在從句中作某個(gè)成分（主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)），而同位語(yǔ)從句中的that是連詞，只起連接主句與從句的作用，不充當(dāng)句中任何成分。,(2) 定語(yǔ)從句是形容詞性的，其功能是修飾先行詞，對(duì)先行詞加以限定，描述定的性質(zhì)或特征；同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性的，其功能是對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。例如：,1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國(guó)。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)） 2)The news that Tom would g

15、o abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的。）（同位語(yǔ)從句，that在句中不作任何成分）,1.It is important that _ our education in all available ways. A. we must develop B. we shall develop C. we would develop D. we should develop 2.It is necessary that _ by the end of the week. A. we got everything ready B. we have got everyt

16、hing ready C. We get everything ready D. we must get everything ready 3.It was natural that _. A. my pictures would surprise them B. my pictures surprised them C. my pictures should surprise them D. my pictures would have surprised them 4.I wonder _. A. whether or not Ill catch the last bus B. if or not Ill catch the last bus C. that Ill catch the last bus or not D. that Ill catch the last bus,5.We all thought _ a pity that we had missed the lesson. A. so B. such C. it D.