高考定語從句復習大全教學課件.ppt

1、Grammar Revision and Exercises,The Attributive Clause,基本概念,一個句子充當定語稱之為定語從句。,被修飾限定的詞叫先行詞，引導定語從句的詞叫 關系詞，包括關系代詞和關系副詞。,定語從句可分為兩種，即限制性定語從句和 非限制性定語從句。,The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling.,The boy who is smiling is Tom.,Antecedent (先行詞),Relative pronoun (關系代詞),The farm is very large. I work on the farm.,The

2、 farm where I work is very large.,Antecedent (先行詞),Relative adverb (關系副詞),關系詞,關系代詞,關系副詞,that which whom whose as,when why,who,where,正確使用關系 詞,主語 賓語 表語 定語,狀語,指 代,人或物,功 能,指 代,時間 地點 原因,功 能,1.I shall never forget the days _ we worked together and the days _ we spent together.,when,which/that,2. Those _ h

3、ave plenty of money will help their friends. These apples are rotten. Youd better choose those _ are still green.,who,3. The pen _ Tom sent me as my birthday present was lost. I have lost my pen , _ I like very much.,that/ which,which,which,(只有that,why不能引導非限制性從句),The period during when people learne

4、d to smelt (熔煉) iron is called the Iron Age. 2 . Human beings are social animals whom usually prefer to live in groups. 3. The man, of whose red car is parked in front of our house, is a dentist in the town. 4. During the Industrial Revolution, people moved to cities which many factories had been bu

5、ilt. 5. The house where he lives in needs repairing.,which,who,where,which,in,關系詞的使用,-重點及考點,1.只用that的情況 2.which 引導的非限 制性從句 3.as的用法,4.where 從句修飾抽象 名詞,that,that,that,that,that,1. 在以下幾種場合只能用that,A.先行詞(指物)本身是不定代詞或先行詞被不定 代詞修飾 B.先行詞兼有指人和指物的名詞 C.先行詞(指物)被 the very, the only, the next, the last 等修飾 D.先行詞(指物)

6、被形容詞最高級和序數(shù)詞修飾 E. 當主句是which/who引導的特殊疑問句,She heard a terrible noise, _brought her heart into her mouth. (NMET1991) A. it B. which C. this D. that,2.Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. (NMET 1999) A. it B. that C. as D. which,3. Dorothy was always speaking high

7、ly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. (NMET 2000) A. who B. which C. this D. what,which 引導的非限制性定語從句在高考中出現(xiàn) 頻率極高，其特點是： 指代多樣，既可以指代一個先行詞，又可以指代 主句的一部分或整個主句； 位置固定，只能位于主句之后； 譯法靈活，通常做進一步解釋說明。,1.as引導的限制性定語從句,此時先行詞前常被such,the same, so,as 修飾， 即構成suchas , the same as, soas, asas 結構，

8、做題時容易 忽略。 提示：在做有關定語從句題目時，如果選項中 出現(xiàn)as, 請先考慮是否考查as 引導的定語 從句。,as 作為關系代詞，既可以引導限制性定語從句，又可以引導非限制性定語從句，在從句中做主語、賓語或表語.,1. She is such a lovely girl _ is liked by everybody. A. what B. as C. that D. which,She is such a lovely girl that _,she is liked by everybody.,(結果狀語從句）,2. Here is so big a stone _no man ca

9、n lift.,as,動賓,Here is so big a stone that _.,no man can lift it,主謂,Your new dictionary is just the same dictionary as I bought last week.,Ive never seen such a clever child as he is.,來這兒的孩子都是我爸爸的學生。,so as,clever a child,he is.,表 系,賓 動,主 謂,2. As 引導的非限制性定語從句也是高考經(jīng)?？疾?的重點,1) _ is mentioned above, the nu

10、mber of the students in senior high school is increasing. (1999 上海高考） A. Which B. As C. That D. It,2)_ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.(NMET 2001) A. It B. As C. That D. What,正如我們都知道的， 電話是貝爾發(fā)明的。,As we all know, the telephone was invented by Bell.,The telephon

11、e, as we all know, was invented by Bell.,The telephone was invented by Bell ,as we all know.,其特點是：指代唯一，即整個主句 位置靈活，可位于主句之后，之前 或之中 譯法固定，通常譯為“正如”,指代多樣，既可以指代一個先行詞，又可以指代 主句的一部分或整個主句； 位置固定，只能位于主句之后； 譯法靈活，通常做進一步解釋說明。,要注意與which引導的非限制性定語從句區(qū)分。,She married him, as is unexpected.,The result of the experiment wa

12、s very good, _ we hadnt expected. (2000 京、皖春季高考） A. as B. that C. which D. what,which is unexpected.,as is expected.,： as is well known/ is known to all as has been said before as has been already pointed out as we all can see as is expected/ hoped/ supposed,. as is often the case ,as引導非限制性定語從句常見結構有

13、,眾所周知,如前所述,正如已經(jīng)指出的,正如我們所看到的,正如所盼望的/ 希望的/料想的,情況常常如此,4. where引導的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是 表示地點的名詞，但也有特殊情況。如：,1) Ive come to the point _ I cant stand him. A. which B. that C. where D. why 2)Hes got himself into a dangerous situation_ he is likely to lose control over the plane.(2001上海） A. where B. which C. while

14、D. why,解析：在這兩句中，where 引導的定語從句分別 修飾point和situation, 表示抽象意義“到了某種地 步，在某種境況中”。又如：,There are some cases where this rule doesnt hold good. He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy. I will show you the point where you fail.,在一些情況下這條規(guī)則不適用。,他必須面對壓力很大的情況。,我將指出你的失敗所在。,Time for exercises,The End,T

15、hank You,關系詞的使用,-難點及考點,1.只用that的情況 2.which 引導的非限 制性從句 3.as的用法,4.where 從句修飾抽象 名詞,5.where 引導的定語從句容易和其引導的地點 狀語從句混淆。,She found her notebook the place where she had tea with her friends yesterday afternoon.,She found her notebook at the place where she had tea with her friends yesterday afternoon.,She fo

16、und her notebook where she had tea with her friends yesterday afternoon.,(where引導定語從句),(where引導地點狀語從句),The reason _ he came late was that his car broke down on the way.,The reason_ he gave was unreasonable.,The film brought the days back to the middle-aged people_ they worked in the countryside.,why

17、,when,who,The film draw the attention of the middle-aged people_ once worked in the countryside.,which,二. 非限制性定語從句,非限制性定語從句既可以修飾主句中的某個名詞， 又可以修飾整個主句, 用逗號和主句隔開,在高考 中出現(xiàn)頻率極高?？荚囍谐Ｉ婕暗闹攸c、難點是：,1. which 和as 的選擇,兩者的區(qū)別在：as 引導的非限制性定語從句既 可放在主句之前，又可放在主句之后，從意思 上來說有 “正如”之意，指代整個主句；而 which引導的非限制性定語從句 一般放在主句 之后，沒有“正如”

18、的意思，且通常不用譯出，既 可以指代主句中的某個名詞，也可以指代主句的 一部分或整個主句。,二. 非限制性定語從句,3) Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy.(NMET 2000) A. who B. which C. this D. what,二. 非限制性定語從句,2. 非限制性定語從句和并列句的區(qū)別,He has many friends, but _ can give him any help this time. A. all

19、 of them B. none of them C. each of whom D. none of whom,提示： 做此類題時，要特別注意句中有無并列 連詞（and, but, ,yet, so,while etc.)，如果有，則 此句是并列句，就不能再用關系代詞，而要用 人稱代詞。,二. 非限制性定語從句,三. “介詞 + 關系代詞”結構問題,介詞+關系代詞引導定語從句的現(xiàn)象很多，但 也較復雜，須細加考察。其要點如下：,該結構中關系代詞只用whom和which,2. 介詞的選用要根據(jù)上下文表達的意思，或根 據(jù)先行詞的習慣搭配，或根據(jù)定語從句中某 些詞或短語的習慣搭配。,Eg. This

20、 is the ring _ she spent $ 1,000. I cant remember the age _ he won the prize.,on which,at which,The writer _ all of us are familiar will visit our city.,with whom,三. “介詞 + 關系代詞”結構問題,1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable.(2000 上海) which B. the price of which C. its price

21、 D. the price of whose 2. The English play_ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.(2004全國) A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,3. 某些固定的短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不宜 將介詞分開放在關系代詞前，如listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等。,This is the child I will take care

22、 of. (不說of whom I will take care),三. “介詞 + 關系代詞”結構問題,有時對定語從句的考查不僅僅局限于這一個語法 知識，而是在句中融合了其他一些知識點，如主 謂一致， 插入語，強調句型，倒裝結構, 其他從 句等等，這就加大了題目的難度，做題時要綜合 分析，全面考慮。,四.綜合考查,四.綜合考查,4. This is Mr. Smith, _ I think has something interesting to tell you. A. who B. whom C. that D. / 5. He made another wonderful discov

23、ery, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is,四.綜合考查,6. It is the young man _ looked for _ caught the murderer. A. that; who B. that; they C. they; that D. they; which 7. It was in Beihai Park _ they made a date for the firs

24、t time_the old couple told us their love story. A. where, that B. that, that C. where, when D. that, when,四.綜合考查,8. We all have heard the news_ our team won. We dont believe the news _ he told us yesterday. 9. He is such a good teacher _ all of us love and respect. He is such a good teacher _ we all

25、 love and respect him. 10. _ is known to us all, paper was first made in China. _ is known to us all that paper was first made in China.,四.綜合考查,that,that/which,as,that,As,It,定語從句,which 和as的區(qū)別,只用that,as引導限定性從句,省略關系詞,where 指代抽象 先行詞,where定從和狀從,與并列句的區(qū)別,主謂一致,插入語,強調句型,其他從句,復習指導：,定語從句是高考命題的熱點之一，一般放在 單選和短文改

26、錯中考查。常見考點有：,關系詞的選擇， 非限制性定語從句， 介詞加關系代詞 和其他知識點的綜合考查，,要求考生有扎實的基礎知識和較強的綜合分析 能力。,一. 關系詞的選擇,-考點預測,1.只用that的情況 2.as引導的限制性定語 從句 3.省略關系代詞,4.where 的先行詞不是表 示具體地點的名詞 5.where 引導的定語從句 和地點狀語從句易混淆,1.Who _ has common sense can believe such a thing? A. who B. which C. but D. that 2. Can you think out a situation_ thi

27、s word can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. with which 3. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. （04江蘇） A.which B. When C. What D. As,4. John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _ was true. (01全國) he B. this C. which D. who 5.It was a meeting _ importance I di

28、dnt realize at that time. A.which B.of which C.that D.whose,A,During the first week of May I went on a holiday to Sichuan. First , I found some photos of interesting places _ were not too far away from Chengdu. I decided to go and see the big Buddha(佛像) in Leshan and Mount Emei. Next, I called a tra

29、vel agent _ telephone number I found in a newspaper. He told me _ I could go on a two-day trip to Leshan and Emei,_ wasnt too expensive. My friends, Xiao Rong and Wei Bin, with _ I often go sight-seeing, said they would join me. Then we went shopping together, getting everything _ was needed ready.,

30、which/that,whose,that,which,whom,that,_ had been planned, we got up at five oclock the next day . First, we went to Leshan, _we climbed all the way up the mountain to see the Buddha. It is such a big Buddha _ we had never seen. But it was a pity that it began to rain shortly after we arrived. That w

31、as the reason _ we only took a few photos. The next morning, we climbed Mount Emei. There were so many lovely monkeys on the way _ led to the top of the mountain _ we spent much time feeding them. Xiao Rong took a photo of the very monkey _ was sitting on my head. It was really fun to play with the

32、monkeys.,As,where,as,why,which/that,that,that,Finally, _ it became dark, we were on the way back to Chengdu. Though we were all very tired, the trip was really forgettable.,when,5 .American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. （04上海） who B. as C. about whic

33、h D. with whom 7. Tom could not say what it was _ bothered him. A. that B. who C. what D. which,( 2 ) 在以下幾種場合只能用which/ who(m) 作關系代詞,引導非限制性定語從句 關系代詞前有介詞,2. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected. (2000 京、皖春季高考） A. when B. that C. which D. what,She married him, as is unexpecte

34、d. , which is unexpected. , as expected.,幻燈片 22,幻燈片 17,2) He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science. (NMET 1998) A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is,Please make up a situation _ you can employ this word. A. in that B. in what

35、 C. which D. where,The stories about this secret person, _ this is one example, are widely spread among people. about which B. of which C. which D. from which,5. 注意復合介詞的使用,Sound is a tool _ people communicate with each other. A. in which B. by means of which C. by what D. because of which 2) -What w

36、ere you doing then? - I was resting under a tall tree, _ a rabbit suddenly rushed out . A. from which B. out of which C. from behind which D. where,Thats where we differ. 這就是我們的分歧所在。 Thats where youre wrong. 你的錯就在這兒。 Thats where the real danger lies. 這就是真正的危險所在。 Thats where we help each other. 我們就在這方面互相幫助。 -Dont look down upon him. He has his own advantages. -Oh, yes. Where others are weak, he is