五六年級英語語法要點

1、英語語法要點及習題,一、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則 1一般情況下，直接加-s， 如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds 2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es， 如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es， 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries 4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es， 如：knife-knives 但有些詞只加s: roofs, proof s, chiefs.,5. 以

2、o結(jié)尾的名詞，有些加es: Negroes, heroes, tomatoes, potatoes; 其它加s: radios, zoos, pianos, photos; zero加s,es均可。 6不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)： policeman-policemen, man-men, policewoman-policewomen, foot-feet, mouse-mice woman-women, fish-fish, child-children . tooth-teeth people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese,寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)

3、I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _ child _ photo _ diary _ day_ foot_ book_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _ box_ strawberry _ thief _ yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _ man_ woman_ paper_ juice_ water_ milk_ rice_ tea_,we,them,these,their,watches,children,photos,diaries,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,sheep,boxes,strawberr

4、ies,thieves,yo-yos,peaches,sandwiches,men,women,paper,juice,water,milk,rice,tea,二、一般現(xiàn)在時 一般現(xiàn)在時基本用法介紹 一般現(xiàn)在時的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。 如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。 2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。 如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。 3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。 如：The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。,1. be動詞：主語+be(am,is,are)+其它。 如：I am a boy.我是

5、一個男孩。 2.行為動詞：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如：We study English.我們學習英語。 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she,it)時，要在動詞后加-s或-es。 如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。,一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成,1. be動詞的變化。 否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。 如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。 如：Where is my bike?,一般現(xiàn)在時的

6、變化,2.行為動詞的變化。 否定句：主語+ dont( doesnt ) +動詞原形(+其它)。 如：I dont like bread. 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。 如：He doesnt often play. 一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。 如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。 如：- Does she go to work by bike? Yes, she does. / No, she doesn

7、t. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+一般疑問句。 如：How does your father go to work?,動詞+s的變化規(guī)則 1一般情況下，直接加-s， 如：cook-cooks, 2以s. sh. ch. x. o結(jié)尾，加-es， 如： guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches , go-goes 3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es， 如：study-studies,一般現(xiàn)在時用法專練:,寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù),drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _ come_

8、 watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_,寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù),drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,comes,watches,plants,flies,studies,brushes,does,teaches,用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。,1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(n

9、ot go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle.,has,are,dont

10、 watch,doesnt go,Do,like,do,to do,Do,read,teaches,take,are,11. Mike _(like) cooking. 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao

11、_(do) not like P.E. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday.,likes,have,looks,do,does,goes,watches,have,is,am,按照要求改寫句子,1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) _ 2. I do my homework every day.

12、(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) _ 3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答) _ 4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) _ _ 5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句) _,Does Amy like playing computer games?,Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.,Do you do your homework every day? No,I dont.,Does she like milk? Yes,

13、she does.,No,she doesnt.,We dont go to school every morning.,按照要求改寫句子,6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句) _ 7. I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問) _ 8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問) _ 9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) _ 10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句) _,He

14、doesnt speak English very well.,What do you like to do in the park?,Where does John come?,Is she always a good student?,No,she isnt.,Simon and Daniel dont like going skating.,改錯 (劃出錯誤的地方將正確的寫在橫線上),1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _ 3. He likes play games after clas

15、s. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _ 5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _,_,Does,_,like,_,likes to,_,tesches,_,doesnt,現(xiàn)在進行時,1現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。 2現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句基本結(jié)構(gòu)為be+動詞ing. 3現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句在be后加not。 4現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句把be動詞調(diào)到句首。 5現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為： 疑問詞 + be + 主語 + 動詞ing? 但疑問詞當主語時其結(jié)構(gòu)為：

16、 疑問詞 + be + 動詞ing?,動詞加ing的變化規(guī)則,1一般情況下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking 2以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting 3如果末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping,現(xiàn)在進行時專項練習：,寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞： play_ run_ swim _ make_ go_ like_ write_ ski_ read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_

17、 come _ get_ stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_,playing,running,swimming,making,going,liking,writing,skiing,reading,having,singing,dancing,putting,seeing,buying,loving,living,taking,coming,getting,stopping,sitting,beginning,shopping,用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：,1.The boy _( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _( sing

18、)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now.

19、We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .,are drawing,are singing,is cooking,are,doing,are having,arent watering,are dancing,is listening,are having,washing,Is,句型轉(zhuǎn)換：,1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句) _ _ 2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答) _ _

20、3Im playing the football in the playground .(對劃線部分進行提問) _ 4Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進行提問) _,Are they doing housework ?,They arent doing housework .,Are the students cleaning the classroom ?,Yes,they are .,No,they arent .,What are you doing in the playground ?,Where is Tom reading bo

21、oks?,將來時理論及練習,一、概念： 表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計劃或準備做某事。 句中一般有以下時間狀語： tomorrow, next day (week, month, year), soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)： be going to + do； will+ do.,三、否定句： 在be動詞（am, is, are）l后加not或情態(tài)動詞will后加not成wont。 例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic

22、this afternoon. 四、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。 例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend?,五、對劃線部分提問。 一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況。 1. 問人。Who 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon. 2. 問干什么。What do. 例如： My father is go

23、ing to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon. 3. 問什么時候。When. 例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to go to bed?,同義句：be going to = will,I am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 練習：,填空。 1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊

24、。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2. 下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday I _ _ _ play basketball. What _you do next Monday? I _ play basketball. 3. 你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。 _ your mother _ _go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _buy some fruit 4.

25、 你們打算什么時候見面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?,改句子:,5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy _ going to go camping. 6. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them. 7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句） _ _ mee

26、t at the bus stop at 10:30. 9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對劃線部分提問） _ _she _ _ _after school? 10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) going to see a play the day after tomorrow.,用所給詞的適當形式填空,11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this aft

27、ernoon. 12. My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week. 13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike. 14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects? 15. Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _

28、 (catch) insects.,16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm. What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows. 17. Mary _(visit) her grandparents tomorrow. 18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday. 19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday. 20. I _(plan) for my study no

29、w,形容詞的比較級,1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用：兩個事物或人的比較用比較級，比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格（口語中可用賓格）。 2形容詞加er的規(guī)則： 一般在詞尾加er ； 以字母e 結(jié)尾，加r ； 以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結(jié)尾，應(yīng)雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er ； 以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變i，再加er 。 3不規(guī)則形容詞比較級： good-better, beautiful-more beautiful,副詞的比較級,1形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形，有形用be；有動用副，有副用動) 在

30、句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后 副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后 2副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better, far-farther) 三、練習,寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級,old_ young_ tall_ long_ short_ strong_ big_ small_ fat_ thin_ heavy_ light_ nice_ good_ beautiful _ low_ high_ slow_ fast_ late_ early_ far_ well_,older,younger,taller,longer,shorter

31、,stronger,bigger,smaller,fatter,thinner,heavyer,lighter,better,lower,higher,slower,faster,later,earlyer,farther,better,more beautiful,根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：,1. My brother is two years _(old)than me. 2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim. 3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes,she is. 4. Who is _(thin),you or Helen?

32、Helen is. 5. Whose pencil-box is _(big),yours or hers? Hers is. 6. Marys hair is as _(long) as Lucys. 7.Ben _ (jump) _ (high) than some of the boys in his class.,根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：,8._ Nancy sing _ (well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 9.Fangfang is not as _ (tall) as the other girls. 10.My eyes are _(big) tha

33、n _ (she). 11.Which is _(heavy),the elephant or the pig? 12.Who gets up _(early),Tim or Tom? 13._the girls get up_(early) than the boys?No,they_. 14. Jim runs _(slow). But Ben runs _(slow). 15.The child doesnt_(write) as _(fast) as the students.,翻譯句子：,1、誰比Jim年紀大？是你。 _ is _than Jim？ _ are 2、誰比David更強

34、壯？是Gao Shan. _ _ than David? Gao Shan _. 3、誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？我想是她的。 _ pencil is _,_or_？_is,I think. 4、誰的蘋果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？ 我的弟弟的。 _ apples _ _,your _ or your _? My _ _. 5、你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎？是的。 _ _as _as your uncle?Yes,I am.,6、他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。 He _ as _ as _ _ Jim. 7、她和她的雙胞胎哥哥一樣胖嗎？不，她比他瘦。 _ _ as _ as_ twin _? No,

35、 _ _ than him. 8.Yang Ling每天睡得比SuYang晚。 Yang Ling _ to _ _ than Su Yang every day. 9.我跳得和Mike一樣遠。 I _ as _ as Mike. 10.Tom比你跑得快嗎？不是的,他和我跑得一樣快。 _ Tom _ _ than you?No,he _. He_ as_ as_.,11.多做運動，你會更強壯。 _ more exercise,youll _ _ soon. 12.我的科學很好，但是語文不好。 I _ _ at Science.But I dont _ well in Chinese. 13.

36、你放風箏比王兵放得高嗎？不，我比他放得低。 _you_the kite_than Wang bing?No,I_it _than_. 14.我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like_.All my_ _ _than me. 15.我的姐姐起得比我早。 My_ _ up _than me.,16.女孩比男孩唱得好嗎？是的。 _the girls_ _ _the boys? Yes,they _. 17.她不擅長體育。但我跳得沒有她高。 She doesnt _ _ in PE. But I dont _ _than_. 18.你足球踢得比你的同班同學好嗎？不，他們踢得和我一樣好。 _

37、 you _football _than your classmates?No,they_as_as me. 19我母親比我父親年紀小。 My_ _ _than my _. 20.她的毛衣和我的一樣重。 _sweater_ as_as_. 21.我的連衣裙太短了。我想買一條大點的。 My dress_ too_. I want to _a_one. 22. Im taller than Mike .(該成用原級的比較) Im _ as _ as Mike .,There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別,1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人） 2、在there be 句型中，

38、主語是單數(shù)，be 動詞用is ; 主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動詞用are ; 如有幾件物品，be 動詞根據(jù)最*近be 動詞的那個名詞決定。 3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動詞調(diào)到句首。 4、there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。,5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑問句。 6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑問句。 7、針對數(shù)量提問的特

39、殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語？ How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語？ 8、針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： Whats + 介詞短語？,Fill in the blank with “have,has”or “there is , there are”,1. I_a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk. 3. He_a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playgro

40、und. 5. She_some dresses. 6. They_a nice garden. 7. What do you_? 8. _a reading-room in the building? 9. What does Mike_? 10. _any books in the bookcase?,11. My father_a story-book. 12. _a story-book on the table. 13. _any flowers in the vase? 14. How many students_in the classroom? 15. My parents_s

41、ome nice pictures. 16. _some maps on the wall. 17. _a map of the world on the wall. 18. David_a telescope. 19. Davids friends_some tents. 20. _many children on the hill.,用恰當?shù)腷e動詞填空,1、There_a lot of sweets in the box. 2、There _some milk in the glass. 3、There_ some people under the the big tree. 4、The

42、re _a picture and a map on the wall. 5、There _a box of rubbers near the books. 6、There _lots of flowers in our garden last year. 7、There _a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday. 8、There_ four cups of coffee on the table.,Fill in the blank with “ have, has ”,1. I_ a nice puppet. 2. He_a good fr

43、iend. 3. They_ some masks. 4. We_some flowers. 5. She_ a duck. 6. My father_ a new bike. 7. Her mother_a vase. 8. Our teacher_ an English book. 9. Our teachers_a basketball. 10. Their parents_some blankets,11. Nancy_many skirts. 12. David_some jackets. 13. My friends_a football. 14. What do you_? 15

44、. What does Mike_? 16. What do your friends_? 17. What does Helen_? 18. His brother_a basketball. 19. Her sister_a nice doll. 20. Miss Li_an English book.,人稱代詞和物主代詞,1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個動詞之前（有時候位于than 之后），賓格一般位于動詞或介詞之后。 2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時后面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單獨使用，后面不帶名詞。,填寫代詞表,用所給詞的適當形式填空,1. Tha

45、t is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _is very big. ( I ) 2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4. _is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls,

46、 which one is _ ? ( she ) 7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ) 8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they) 9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ),11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 12. _ is my aunt. Do you k