高中英語名詞性從句詳細講解

1、名詞性從句,名詞性從句 noun clause,主語從句 subject clause,賓語從句 object clause,表語從句 predicative clause,同位語從句 appositive clause,辨別下列名詞性從句的類別： 1.How the book will sell depends on its author. 2.John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 3.The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 4.The fact that he h

2、as not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 5.He will talk to us about what he saw in U.S. 6.It is impossible that I go and attend the meeting.,主語從句,賓語從句,表語從句,同位語從句,賓語從句,主語從句,That/wh-clause + v +主語從句 S +be/link.v + that/wh-clause表語從句 S + vt + that/wh-clause賓語從句 S + vi + prep + wh-clau

3、se賓語從句,名詞從句又可分別稱為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。,引導名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：that, whether, if 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where, how, why,1。that只起連接主句和從句的作用，在從句中不擔任任何成分， 本身也沒有詞義，賓語從句中可省略 2。不充當介賓 3。 引導主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句,that不可省略。 4. that whether, if, as if ,as though（以上在從句中均不充當任何

4、成分,一主語從句,主語從句是在復合句中充當主語的從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞之前或由形式主語it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。,1. It 作形式主語,It 作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu)，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not.,1.It + be + 形容詞 that從句,It is necessary / important/ obvious that,2.It + be + -ed分詞 th

5、at從句,It is believed that 人們相信 It is known to us all that . 眾所周知 It has been decided that 已經(jīng)決定,3.It + be + 名詞 that從句,It is common knowledge that 是常識 It is a surprise that . 令人驚奇的是 It is a fact that 事實是,4.It + 不及物動詞 that從句,It appears that 似乎 It happens that . 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起,另注意在主語從句中用

6、來表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應如此等語氣時，謂語動詞要用 虛擬語氣 “(should) +do”，常用的句型有： It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that,what 引導主語從句時在句時在從句中充當句子成分，如主語賓語表語，而that 則不然。例如： 1) _you said yesterday is right. 2) _she is still alive is a good thing.,It is r

7、ight what you said yesterday.,It is a good thing that she is still alive.,What,That,2. what 與that 在引導主語從句時的區(qū)別,主語從句中的“主謂一致”：,1.主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式.,That they will come _certain.,2. What 引導主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復數(shù)由表語的單復數(shù)決定.,What he wants _these books. What he wants _some water.,3.注意,is,are,is,1_in the

8、regulations that you should not tell other people the pass word of your e-mail account. .(2005上海) A. What is required B .What requires C It is required D. It requires 2. The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” (2006 北京) A. This B. There is C .That is D. It

9、 is 3.After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth,_ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space.(2004 上海) A .where B .what C .that D. how,Exercises,賓語從句就是在復合句中作賓語的 名詞性從句，通常放在主句謂語動詞 (及物動詞) 或介詞之后。,1.She did not know what had happened.,2. Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with on

10、e another.,3. I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.,賓語從句,(作動詞的賓語),(作介詞的賓語),(作形容詞的賓語),注意1：在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“（should）+ 動詞原形”。 I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我堅持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (shou

11、ld) set off at once. 司令員命令部隊馬上出發(fā)。,2. 用whether或if引導的賓語從句，其主語和謂語的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if： a. 引導主語從句并在句首時；b. 引導表語從句時；c . 引導從句作介詞賓語時；d. 從句后有“or not”時；e. 后接動詞不定式時。,Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should ha

12、ve a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money. I wonder whether he will come or not. Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?,3. 賓語從句中的“時態(tài)呼應”與“否定轉(zhuǎn)移”,若主句謂語動詞為think,consider,suppose,believe, expect,fancy,guess,imagine等，其后的賓語從句若含 有否定意義，一般要把否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句謂語上，從句 謂語用肯定式。例如：,H

13、e told me that he _ his job. (已經(jīng)完成了工作),時態(tài)呼應,否定轉(zhuǎn)移,我認為他不會來這里.,I think he wont come here. ( ) I dont think he will come here. ( ),had finished,注意,4.賓語從句中用it作形式賓語,We think it our duty that we should help others.,注意：如果主句中有形容詞或名詞作賓語補足語時，一般用it來作形式賓語，把從句放在賓補后面。,我發(fā)現(xiàn)他兩天之內(nèi)完成工作是不可能的.,I find it impossible that h

14、e can finish the work in two days.,Exercises: “it”作形式主語或形式賓語：,1.I hate _ when people talk with their mouths full A. it B. that C. these D. them 2. I feel _ strange that he should be so careless. A. / B. it C. that D. how 3. It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. Awhile B. that Cif Dfor 4

15、Will you see to _ that the luggage is brought back? A. weB. yourselfC. itD. them,A,B,B,C,三表語從句,表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語連系動詞表語從句”?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。另外，常用的還有the reason is that 和It is because 等結(jié)構(gòu)。例如： 1) The question is _ we can make good preparation in such a short time. 2

16、) This is _ we cant get the support of the people. 3) But the fact remains _ we are behind the other classes. 4) The reason _ he is late for school is _ he missed the early bus.,whether/how,why,that,why,that,四同位語從句,1. 同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導，例如： 1) The kings decision that the pri

17、soner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.,同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。,2. 同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。例如： He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.,同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導定語

18、從句，充當句子成分，在從句中作賓語時可以省略； that引導同位語從句時，起連詞的作用，沒有實際意義，不充當句子成分，一般不能省略。 I had no idea that you were here（that引導同位語從句，不能省略） Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引導定語從句，作賓語，可以省略）,Exercises,1.Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn fro

19、m others.(2006 上海春季) A. which B. that C. when D. why 2.Do you have any idea_ is actually going on in the classroom? (2005遼寧) A. that B. what c. as D. which 3. There is a feeling in me _ well never know what a UFO is not ever.(2002上海) A. that B. which c. of which D. what 4.Information has been put fo

20、rward_ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as,(1) They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they (2) Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. wher

21、e Alice has put D. where has Alice put (3) Someone is ringing Mary. Go and see _. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is,B,C,I.語序問題,考點歸納,D,歸納,在名詞性從句中，除了關(guān)聯(lián)詞在從句之首外，其它部分應用_的語序。,陳述,II.用if 或whether 填空,1. I dont know _ Ill be free tomorrow. 2. I dont know _ or not Ill be free tomorrow. 3. The

22、 question is _ this book is worth writing. 4. It depends on _ we will have enough money. 5. _ they can do it matters little to us. 6._ you are not free tomorrow , Ill go without you,whether/if,whether,whether,whether,Whether,If,a.主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、介詞后面的賓語從句只能用_，不能用if ； b.后面緊跟 or not 時, 用_.,歸納,whether,

23、whether,III. that 與whether / if 的選擇：,(1) _ knowledge comes from practice is known to all. WhatB. WhereC. If D. That (2) It makes no difference _ our sports meet will be held this week or next week. A. thatB. eitherC. whetherD. when (3) I doubt _ he will come soon. (4) I do not doubt _ he will come s

24、oon. (5) Do you doubt _ he will come soon?,D,C,whether / if,that,that,表示是否時用_,表示肯定時用_,歸納,whether /if,that,1._ I cant understand is why he has changed his mind. 2._ the earth is round is known to us all. 3. _ he won the race was _ we expected.,that:,what:,_只起連接作用，在從句中不充當任何成分，沒有詞義,_起連接作用，且在從句中充當主語，賓語或

25、表語， 表示“所的”。,That,What,That,what,歸納,. that， what引導名詞性從句的區(qū)別,. what why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because,C,C,D,Consolidation:,4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because 5. _ his dream of going to college will come tru

26、e is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if 6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that,D,A,B,7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soon C. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon 8. - I saw your neighbor break your wi