English around the world--Grammar.ppt

1、Lets review together，句子的成分，句子通常由主語和謂語兩部分組成。主語是句子的中心，謂語是說明主語動作或狀態(tài)的文章(謂語通常是動詞或動詞短語，后面是賓語或狀語)，句子的分類，(1)陳述句：說明事實或說話者觀點的文章，被稱為陳述句。陳述句有兩種形式：肯定式和否定式。例如：肯定聲明：This is my pencil。否定陳述：This is not my pencil。(2)疑問句：提出問題的句子叫疑問句。疑問句可分為一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，可選疑問句。一般疑問句：Are you a student？特別的疑問句：Whats your name？選擇疑問句：Do you li

2、ke an apple or an orange？(3)語句：表示命令，請求的語句稱為語句。示例：Stand up、please！Be quick。May I use your pencil？(4)感嘆句：表示喜怒哀樂等感情的句子稱為感嘆句。How nice the book is！What a nice book！文章謂語動詞的特征，be動詞am，is，are，was，were。在模式動詞can、will、may、must、need、could、would等或包含助動詞dould的模式動詞或助動詞后添加not，并通過助動詞do、does或did在do、does或did后添加not情態(tài)動詞ca

3、n、will、may、must、need、could、would等或助動詞do、does或did 3。除了失義動詞、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞以外的所有動詞does或did詞典(句子的主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時為Does，這時要恢復(fù)原文的第三人稱單數(shù)形式動詞)，練習(xí)：根據(jù)給定的句子填補不足的單詞，完成以下一般疑問句。1 .he is a student。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ a student？2.Tom can help his mother。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Tom _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ his mother？3.mrhu taugh

4、t Lucy maths last year _ _ _ _ _ _ _ mrhu _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Lucy maths last year？4.Mike plays computer games every day。_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Mike _ _ _ _ _ _ computer games every day，is，he，did，teach，teach，1 .判斷，謂語動詞：said that，told me/him/them that，said to me/him/them that，謂語動詞：asked祈使句or/or elseto do sth，su

5、ggest doing sth。he said，“why not take a rest，he said，”why dont you take a rest first？“，Tom said，”lets go to the park this weekend。suggest that (should) do sth，“what about having a drink？”He said。what is the difference among the sentences below : open the window . please open the window . would you p

6、lease open the window，Command(，please give me the book。woull、usually、giving commands is less polite than making requests。通常下達命令比提出請求更不禮貌。，commands : do/dont . requests : do，please can you？Could you.會有嗎？世界油？Find the rules:“make sure the door is open”the teacher said to me。the teacher told me to make

7、sure the door is open?！癲ont play games in the class re R said to us .the monitor told us not to play games in the class room?！眞ill you please not smoke here？“She added . She asked me not to smoke here .direct speech、indirect speech、told me to、told us not to、asked me not to Rules and practice of dire

8、ct and indirect speech、語句的直接引語和間接引語，1。表示命令的語句的間接引語形式：tell/order sb (not) to do sth，1) open the door .“he said .2)“put up your hand 3)”be quiet。the teacher said to the students。he told/ordered me to open the door。he ordered/told me to put ut The teacher told/ordered The students to be quite。4)“dont s

9、leep in class”the teacher said to the students。the teacher told the students not to sleep in class。5)“dont laugh at others”his parents said。his parents told him not 6)“dont touch anything”he said to him。he told him not to touch anything。2 .所請求語句的間接引用，文章模式：ask/beg 1)“please open your book”the teacher

10、 said。the teacher asked the students to open the book。2)“please dont leak She begged him not to leave her .3)“please turn off the lights when you leave the class room .“the teacher said to him .the teacher asked him to turn off the lights when he left the class room .3 .請求的一般疑問句的間接引語，文章模式：ask/beg sb

11、(not)to do sth 1) would you please open the window he said。he asked me to open the window。2)“may I borrow your pen .“he said 2 .主句謂語動詞要作一定的變化。表示、命令、tell、order、command等。Tell/order sb (not) to do使用ask、beg、request等表示請求。Ask/beg/request sb (not) to do使用advise表示建議。Advise sb(不是sth)，禱文，直接引用：主語動詞“語句”之間的引用：主語

12、動詞to verb eg the teacher said to me，“come in”-John said to meThe teacher said to me，“dont be late again”-the teacher advised me not to be late again。open the window。direer Miss Hu told * * to open the window。will you please open the window？miss Hu asked * * to open the window。told、to、asked、to、dont o

13、pen the window。miss Hu told * * not write a letter to your parents dont play games in the class room can you pass on the book to Tom？“Will you please not smoke here？”，The teacher told me to write a letter to my parents，The teacher ordered me not to play games，The teacher asked me to pass on The book

14、 to took to took.try to do this :the teacher said to me.(r)、(r)、(c)、(1)。she told him to shut up . I am sure I heard her say to him : _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . 、shutup、2。he asked heed、can you speak louder、please、practice、(c)、(r)、3。she told him to Stop wasting time . I am sure I heard heard Stop wasting time，4 .the girl asked her father to tell her a story . I am sure I