初中英語時(shí)態(tài)小結(jié)

1、時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí),Revision of tense,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 一般過去時(shí) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來時(shí) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)的陳述句,概念：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)表示的是經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。,eg: I am a teacher . You are a worker. She/He is a student . We/You/They are students.,1.Be 的用法： I用 am， you用are， is用于他(he)、她(she) 、它(it)，復(fù)數(shù)(we,you,they)全部都用are,1、一般動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加 s ; 如： work-works, live-liv

2、es, play-plays, sing- sings. eg: She lives in Ningbo. 她住在寧波。 2、以s/x/sh/ch/o 等字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，詞尾加 -es ， teach- teaches, wash- washes. eg: My mother washes the coat. 我母親洗了大衣。,行為動(dòng)詞do一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)第三人稱單數(shù)（he,she,it) 的構(gòu)成規(guī)則：,2.行為動(dòng)詞： DO 和DOES,II 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的否定式,1.Be 動(dòng)詞的否定式: be + not,I am a teacher. You are a worker She is a docto

3、r We are friends.,Im not a teacher You arent a worker She isnt a doctor. We arent friends.,is not=isnt are not=arent,否定句,2.(do)當(dāng)主語是單數(shù)第三人稱時(shí)，它與助動(dòng)詞DOES有關(guān)，但是動(dòng)詞謂語一定要恢復(fù)為原形。當(dāng)主語是其他人稱時(shí)，它與助動(dòng)詞DO有關(guān)。,I like English. She likes it very much. We go to work by bike.,I dont like English. She doesnt like it very much.

4、 We dont go to work by bike.,否定句,概念：用 yes 或 no 來回答的疑問句叫做一般疑問句。 一般疑問句句首的第一個(gè)詞一般讀得比較重。,III一般疑問句,I am a teacher. Are you a teacher? You are a worker. Are you a worker? He is a student. Is he a student? We are friends. Are you friends?,1.對(duì)于BE 動(dòng)詞，疑問句要求把BE 提前，第一人稱的單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)（I/WE），第一變成第二人稱。,疑問句,2.對(duì)于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，疑問句要求是：

5、當(dāng)主語是他(he)，她(she)，它(it)時(shí)，句子前面加DOES，并把動(dòng)詞恢復(fù)原形；當(dāng)主語是其他人稱時(shí)，句前加DO ，第一人稱(I/we)換第二人稱(you)。,I often go there. You like the music. He goes to work by bus . We /You/They like it.,Do you often go there ? Do you like the music? Does he go to work by bus ? Do you/they like it?,. 特殊疑問句,特殊疑問句在考試中涉及得比較多，主要以選擇和轉(zhuǎn)換句型為主，

6、首先要掌握一些常用疑問詞的意思如：what（什么）,when, what time（什么時(shí)間）, who（誰）, where（在哪里）, why（為什么）, how（怎樣）, how many+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)（多少）， how long（多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間）, how often（多久一次） 等，其次掌握它的語序，即就是特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句語序（Who）除外,一、疑問詞+ 一般疑問句句序： Where are you from? Im from the north. What do you want? I want the books on your desk.,特殊疑問句的語序,一般過去時(shí)態(tài),一般過

7、去時(shí)態(tài)的定義,動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、情況或存在的狀態(tài)。行為動(dòng)詞（即實(shí)義動(dòng)詞）的過去式一般沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。,謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式,一般過去時(shí)的謂語動(dòng)詞有be動(dòng)詞 和行為動(dòng)詞兩種基本形式,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成,be動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞兩種基本形式,be動(dòng)詞（或系動(dòng)詞be）的過去式為was和were兩個(gè)。,行為動(dòng)詞的過去式，其變化分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則的兩種。,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成,一般動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed。如：looklooked, staystayed ; 以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞只加-d。如：hopehoped, livelived; 末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)的動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字

8、母，再加-ed.如：stopstopped, plan(計(jì)劃) planned;,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式的構(gòu)成,結(jié)尾是“輔音字母+y”的動(dòng)詞，先將y改為i,再加-ed. 如：studystudied, carrycarried. ed(或-d)的讀音：在清輔音結(jié)尾的詞后讀t.如：workworked w kt, help helped helpt; 在濁輔音和元音后讀d。如：callcalledkld, play played pled; 在t和d音后面發(fā)d。如：wantwantedwntd，need needed ni:dd.,一般過去時(shí)態(tài)常見的基本用法,1.表示在過去時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)

9、Liu Jie got up at 7: 10 this morning. He was a student three years ago.,一般過去時(shí)態(tài)常見的基本用法,2表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 Zhang Yaru always went to school by bike last term.,一般過去時(shí)態(tài)常見的基本用法,3表示已故人所做的事情。 Comrade Lei Feng did good deeds all his life. (雷鋒同志做了一生的好事。),一般過去時(shí)態(tài)常見的基本用法,4.表示過去所發(fā)生的一系列的動(dòng)作，而這一系列的動(dòng)作是從現(xiàn)在的角度來考慮的，不是從動(dòng)作相

10、互之間的關(guān)系這一角度來考慮的。 Miss Liu got up at seven oclock this morning, dressed, had breakfast, and went to work.,Be was/were Do did,一般過去時(shí),表在過去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生且完成的動(dòng)作，或過去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，只說明過去。常跟明確的過去時(shí)間連用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),定義:表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行

11、的動(dòng)作. 結(jié)構(gòu):be (is, am, are) +doing 常見時(shí)間狀語:now, 或動(dòng)詞look, listen eg: We are having an English class now. 否定句：We arent having . 一般疑問句：Are you having ?,一般將來時(shí),定義:表示將要做的事或計(jì)劃要做的事. 結(jié)構(gòu):be(is ,am, are) going to do will/shall do (shall一般用于第一人稱) 時(shí)間狀語:tomorrow (morning, afternoon, evening), next day (week, month, y

12、ear), the day after tomorrow, in 2006 . Eg: They are going to have a football match next week.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:,Have / has +動(dòng)詞過去分詞,1. 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果.,already, ever, yet, just, before, recently, these days, up to now, in the last few years等.,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法(2個(gè)),經(jīng)常與下列詞語連用,2. 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到了現(xiàn)在, 可能繼續(xù)發(fā)展下去,常與for或si

13、nce引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用.,總結(jié):非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在完成時(shí)的肯定句中不可與含for, since, how long等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用, 要用別的詞替換.,come/arrive ,buy ,borrow ,die ,leave ,begin/start ,join ,be,keep,be dead,be away from,be on,be in/be a member,have,1.Mr. Black left China in 1990. Mr. Black _China since 1990. 2.The hero died five years ago. The hero _ for

14、five years. 3.The meeting began two minutes ago. The meeting _ for two minutes. 4.We borrowed two books last week. We _ the two books for a week. 5. Sally joined the League two years ago. Sally _ the League for two years.,句型轉(zhuǎn)換: (改為意思相同的句子),has been away from,has been dead,has been on,have kept,has b

15、een in,總結(jié):have/has been to表示“到(去)過某地”,人已經(jīng)回來. have/has gone to 表示“到某地去了”,人正在某地或在去某地的途中have/has been in 表示 “在某地呆多久”, 常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用.,3. for 與since接時(shí)間狀語時(shí)的區(qū)別,1. A: What a nice dog! How long have you had it? B: _ two years. A. For B. Since C. In D. From 2. Miss Gao has taught in this school _ 1996. A. for

16、 B. at C. in D. since,For后接時(shí)間段, since后接時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句.,如: for two years; for six hours; for three days; for five minutes; since three days ago; since 1997; since three days ago; since I came to Beijing 等.,總結(jié):,1. George _ French for ten years. A. had learned B. has learned C. will be learning D. learns 2. Jack has studied Chinese in the school _ the year 2002. A. in B. since C. on D. by,B,B,4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別,一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語：yesterday, the day before yesterday, last year, just now, then, last week, last month, an hour ago,