現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) .ppt

1、第七單元語(yǔ)法知識(shí)及練習(xí)題,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),1.掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為hashave been done, 使用has been done時(shí)主語(yǔ)為單數(shù), 使用have been done時(shí)主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)。 This book has been translated into many l languages. 這本書已被譯成多國(guó)語(yǔ)言。 His bikes have been sold out. 他的自行車已都賣完了。,2. 理解現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的概念 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的被動(dòng) 性動(dòng)作, 它有兩層意思: 動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成, 強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或

2、結(jié)果。 主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 Our classroom has been cleaned, you neednt clean it now. 我們的教室已被打掃過(guò), 你現(xiàn)在沒必要再打掃了。 These flowers have been watered, you can go home. 這些花已被澆水了, 你可以回家了。,特點(diǎn)： 1. 主語(yǔ)是行為動(dòng)作的承受者。如： The Great Wall has been rebuilt. 長(zhǎng)城已經(jīng)過(guò)重建。 2. 說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或出現(xiàn)的結(jié)果。如: The door has been locked. 門已經(jīng)被鎖上了。 （我或別人現(xiàn)在進(jìn)不

3、去）,3. 動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過(guò)去, 持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在, 并可能持續(xù)下去。如： He has been told about it for many times. 有人告訴他這事很多次了。（可能還會(huì)有人告訴他） 4. 用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)已 完成的動(dòng)作。如： Well start as soon as the work has been finished. 工作一完成我們就立即動(dòng)身。,3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法 (1) 用于不知道動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)時(shí)。 His bikes have been stolen. 他的自行車被人偷了。 (不清楚是誰(shuí)偷的) (2)用于動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是泛指或不言自明

4、時(shí). Not a book in the library has been taken away. 圖書館里的書沒有一本被人拿走。 (沒人拿書, 泛指),(3)用于可以說(shuō)出動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者, 但動(dòng)作承受者是談 話中心或特別需要強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)。 My watch has been repaired. 我的表修好了。 (表修好了是談話的主旨, 是誰(shuí)修好無(wú)關(guān)緊要, 不 必提及) (4)用于出于委婉禮貌而避免提及自己或?qū)Ψ?時(shí)。 Enough has been said here on this question. 關(guān)于這個(gè)問(wèn)題, 這里已經(jīng)談得不少了。 (意思是: 大家不要再說(shuō)了),(5)用于文章標(biāo)題、廣告、新聞等

5、, 常用省略助動(dòng) 詞be的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 Road Blocked. 道路已被堵塞。 (新聞報(bào)道, 省略了助動(dòng)詞has been。) (6)用于動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不是人時(shí)。 The house has been washed away by the storm. 那幢房子已被暴風(fēng)雨沖走了。 (7)用于商務(wù)書信中起草人是以公司名義時(shí)。 Your letter has been received. 來(lái)信已收到。,4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種句型變換 從現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)hashave been done 可以看出hashave為助動(dòng)詞, 因此現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種句型變換均應(yīng)借助hashave來(lái)完

6、成。 構(gòu)成否定句時(shí)直接在hashave后面加not, 構(gòu)成一 般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)將hashave提前。 Has this bridge been finished? 這座橋竣工了嗎? His homework hasnt been finished 他的家庭作業(yè)還沒有寫完。 The black board has been cleaned, hasnt it? 黑板已擦過(guò)了, 是嗎?,注意點(diǎn) 1. 副詞的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom 等頻度副詞置于have/has和been中間。如： 誤 Such a man has been har

7、dly believed. 正 Such a man has hardly been believed.,2. 并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： 誤 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978. 2) open, break, drop等不強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)出者時(shí)常用 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。如： 誤 T

8、he door has been opened of itself. 正The door has opened of itself.,3. 短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可分割或省略其中的介詞或副詞。 如: The SARS patients have been taken good care of.,He has to look after the little baby.,主,謂,賓(受動(dòng)者),The little baby,has to be looked after,by,him.,改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),Tom will clean the room tomorrow.,主,謂,賓(受動(dòng)者),The room,w

9、ill be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,His brother washes bowls every day.,主,謂,賓(受動(dòng)者),Bowls,are washed,by,his brother,every day.,1. the city officials, make, a plan, to turn Beijing into a green city A plan has been made to turn Beijing into a green city by the city officials.,Rewrite the following sentenc

10、es using the Present Perfect Passive Voice.,2. millions of people from all over the world, visit, the Great Wall The Great Wall has been visited by millions of people from all over the world.,3. China, send up, another space capsule Another space capsule has been sent up by China.,4. tourists, damag

11、e, some cultural sites Some cultural sites have been damaged by tourists.,5. the villagers, set up, a website, to help people learn more about the cultural relics A website has been set up by the villagers to help people learn more about the cultural relics.,6. the Russian government, turned into mu

12、seums, these palaces These palaces have been turned into museums by the Russian government.,1. People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2. The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleane

13、d,EXERCISES,3. I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4. I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time. 5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.,The ticket was found,was told,was made to have,6. Now people can use

14、computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them. 7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8. Must we finish our work today? _ our work _ _ today?,can be,used,Were many trees planted,Must,be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful sta

15、mps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. 10. The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to turn on the computer.,We were given,were given,to us,was asked,11. In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. 12. He can

16、 mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days.,is done,can be mended,13. You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. 14. The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school.,must be,taken,is studied,15. Do they often

17、talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _ ?,Is,talked,by them,單項(xiàng)選擇：,1. My pencil _ the day before yesterday. A. found B. was found C. were found 2. His letter _ soon. A. will finish B. was finished C. will be finished,3. The work _ well _ and my mother smiled. A. is, done B. was do

18、ne C. will be, done 4. A new lab building _ in their school in a year. A. puts up B. was put up C. will be put up,5. _ Chinese _ by the largest number of people in the world. A. Is, spoken B. Was, spoken C. Were, spoken 6. The bottle _ with medicine by the nurse. A. was filled B. was filling C. was

19、full,7. Today many trees are being cut in our country. So more trees _ . A. must plant B. must be plant C. must be planted 8. Man-made satellites _ into space by many countries since 1960. A. have sent up B. have been sent up C. has been send up,9. _ the homework _ the day after tomorrow? A. May, be

20、 handed inB. Maybe, handed inC. May, hand in 10. My father _ not to smoke any more. A. told B. is told C. are told,1. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided,D,2. Every possible means _ to preve

21、nt the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. A. is used B. are used C. has been used D. have been used,C,3. All the preparations for the task _ and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been completed,D,4. Some new oilfields _ since 1976. A. were opened

22、 up B. has opened up C. have been opened up D. had been opened up,C,5. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken,A,補(bǔ)充：1. 含有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句，若賓補(bǔ)不是帶to的不定式, 變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句后必須帶to,1. We often hear him sing in the next room. He _ often _

23、in the next room.,heard to sing,is,2. The boss made the workers work 14 hours a day. The workers _ 14 hours a day. 3. They made little Tom walk up and down. Little Tom _ by them up and down.,were made to work,was made to walk,2) 含有短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí),不要遺漏與動(dòng)詞連用的介詞或副詞。,1. We should take good care of the si

24、ck child. The sick child_.,should be taken good,care of,2. People listened to the speaker carefully. The speaker _carefully by people. 3. His friends often laugh at him. He _ often _ by his friends.,is,laughed at,was listened to,3) 含有雙賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)都可作主語(yǔ)。,1. My friends sent me some beautiful

25、 stamps. I _ some beautiful stamps by my friends. Some beautiful stamps _me by my friends.,was sent,were sent to,2. We gave Mike nice gifts on his birthday. Mike _ nice gifts by us on his birthday. Nice gifts _ Mike by us on his birthday.,was given,were given to,完成句子：,1. 離開前必須把房間的燈關(guān)掉嗎？ _the lights i

26、n the room _ before you leave . 2. 老板要他干些累活。 He _ hard work by his boss.,Must,be turned off,is made to do,3. 這些報(bào)紙不可以拿走。 These newspapers _. 4. 這幅油畫被賣到了巴黎的一間博物館。 The painting _ a museum in Paris.,cant be taken away,was sold to,5. 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義的常見情況：,(1) 一些由及物動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化而來(lái)的不及物動(dòng)詞加well, easily等副詞。如：clean, read,

27、sell, wash, write, cook, cut等。,1. This shirt _ ( clean ) easily. 2. Her novels _ ( sell ) well. 3. The new pen _ ( write ) well.,cleans,sell,writes,(2) 某些感觀動(dòng)詞和系動(dòng)詞加形容詞作表語(yǔ)，如：feel, look, smell, sound, taste等。 1. The water _ (feel) very cold. 2. The food _ ( taste) very delicious.,feels,tastes,(3) 表示開始、

28、結(jié)束、持續(xù)發(fā)生等的動(dòng)詞，如：begin, close, end, open, last, happen, take place。 1. The meeting _ (last) two hours yesterday. 2. Great changes _ ( take place) in the past 10 years.,lasted,have taken place,用所給動(dòng)詞的正確時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)填空： 1. The shop _ (open) at half past eight in the morning. 2. Sandy _ (think) to be the best stud

29、ent in his class. 3. The man _(see) to go into the house in his class.,opens,is thought,was seen,4. The children _ (take) good care of in the kindergarten. 5. This book _ ( cost ) you ten yuan. 6. This book _ ( must return) to the library on time. 7. The Chinese Communist Party _ (found) in July, 19

30、21.,are taken,cost,must be returned,was founded,8. _ this song often _ (sing) by the students? 9. _ the composition _(hand) in tomorrow morning? 10. - _Joan _(give) you an English-Chinese Dictionary yesterday? - No. I _(give) an English-English dictionary.,Will,be handed,Is,sung,Did,give,was given,1

31、. All the chairs in the room are made _wood. 2. The wine is made _ grapes. 3. The machine was made _ Uncle Wang. 4. This kind of bike is made _ China. 5. The radio is used _ Mike _ learning English.,注意被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中介詞的搭配：,of,from,by,in,by,for,6. English is used _ the second language in some countries. 7. Some of the letters are written _ French. 8. The song was written _ a teacher. 9. The article was written _ a pen.,as,in,by,with,Complete the sentences. 1. You can see the house _ _ (未油漆) for years. 2. How