肌學(xué).ppt

1、肌學(xué),目的和要求 掌握骨骼肌的構(gòu)造、分類、起止和作用。 了解肌的命名原則和肌的輔助裝置。 了解咀嚼肌的組成。掌握咬肌、顳肌的位置、起止概況和作用。 掌握頸淺肌群的主要作用、斜角肌間隙。 掌握斜方肌、背闊肌、豎脊肌、胸大肌、前鋸肌的位置和主要作用。 掌握膈的位置、形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及膈的功能。 掌握腹前外側(cè)肌群的位置、形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)、起止概況和主要作用。掌握腹直肌鞘的組成。 掌握腹股溝管和腹股溝三角的組成。,Skeletal muscle: motive force system,There are more than 600 skeletal muscles in the human body, whic

2、h together account for about 40 percent of a persons weight.,structure Muscle belly肌腹 Tendon肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜,Morphology and structure of skeletal muscle,Morphology,Long muscle,Short muscle,Flat muscle,Orbicular muscle,The origin, insertion, and architecture of the skeletal muscle,The origin and ins

3、ertion of the skeletal muscle,Architecture of muscles 肌的配布: 原動(dòng)肌、拮抗肌、協(xié)同肌、固定肌,. Nomenclature of muscles肌的命名: shap, size, location, and their points of attachment,. The supplementary structures of muscle Fascia 筋膜 Superficial fascia Deep fascia Synovial bursa 滑膜囊,Tendinous sheath 腱鞘 Fibrous layer Synov

4、ial layer: mesotendon腱系膜,Section 2 The muscles of head,1. The facial muscles面肌 the epicranius,buccinator,2.The masticatory muscles咀嚼肌 the masseter the temporalis the medial pterygoid the lateral pterygoid,Section 3 The muscles of neck,By their situations the muscles of neck are divided into three gr

5、oups: superficial and lateral, anterior , deep.,). the superficial and lateral group 1. the platysma頸闊肌,2. Sternocleidomastoid 胸鎖乳突肌, Insertion mastoid process, Origin manubrium and sternal end of clavicle, ActionThe head is inclined laterally and the face is rotated to the opposite side ; protracts

6、 head when acting together.,). the anterior group 1. the suprahyoid muscles digastric mylohyoid stylohyoid Geniohyoid,2. the infrahyoid muscles sternohyoid omohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid,). the deep group 1. lateral group scalenus anterior scalenus medius scalenus posterior scalene fissure brachi

7、al plexus subclavian artery 2. medial group,The Muscles of Trunk,The Muscles of Back The Muscles of Thorax The Diaphragm The Muscles of Abdomen,Section 4,. The Muscles of Back,trapezius斜方肌 latissimus dorsi背闊肌 levator scapulae肩胛提肌 rhomboideus菱形肌 erector spinae豎脊肌 splenius夾肌,These muscles can be divid

8、ed into two layers: the superficial and the deep layer.,. The Muscles of Thorax,Pectoralis major 胸大肌 Pectoralis minor 胸小肌 Serratus anterior 前鋸肌,前鋸肌,Serratus anterior,External intercostals 肋間外肌 Internal intercostals 肋間內(nèi)肌,Diaphragm 膈,Action inspiration and expiration；assists in raising intra-abdominal

9、 pressure,Insertioncentral tendon,Origin sternal costal lumbar vertebral,Aortic aperture 主動(dòng)脈裂孔 -12th thoracic vertebra,Esophageal aperture 食管裂孔 -10th thoracic vertebra,Vena cava foramen 腔靜脈裂孔 -8th thoracic vertebra,T12,T10,T8, . The Muscles of Abdomen,Anterolateral group,External abdominal oblique I

10、nternal abdominal oblique Transversus abdominis Rectus abdominis,Posterior group,Psoas major 腰大肌 Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌,腹外斜肌,腹內(nèi)斜肌,腹橫肌,腹直肌,1.external abdominal oblique 腹外斜肌,aponeurotic structureinguinal ligament腹股溝韌帶 lacunar ligament腔隙韌帶 pectineal ligament恥骨梳韌帶 superficial inguinal ring 腹股溝淺環(huán),（一）Ante

11、rolateral group,inguinal ligament,lacunar ligament,pectineal ligament,superficial inguinal ring,2.Internal abdominal oblique 腹內(nèi)斜肌,Inguinal falx 腹股溝鐮(聯(lián)合腱) (conjoint tendon),3. Transversus abdominis 腹橫肌,4. Rectus abdominis 腹直肌,Anterior layeraponeurosis of the external and internal abdominal oblique,5.

12、Sheath of rectus abdominis腹直肌鞘,Posterior layeraponeurosis of the internal abdominal oblique and transversus abdominis 6. Linea alba 白線,Psoas major 腰大肌 Quadratus lumborum 腰方肌,（二）Posterior group,（三）Inguinal canal 腹股溝管,Two openings Superficial inguinal ring 腹股溝淺環(huán) Deep inguinal ring 腹股溝深環(huán),Structures passing through the inguinal canal,（四