英語語法之主謂一致.ppt

1、Welcome to my class,主謂一致，是指主語和謂語動詞要保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致。,主謂一致，是指主語和謂語動詞要保持人稱和數(shù)上的一致。,主 謂 一 致 的 三 個 原 則,語法一致是指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系，主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；反之，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。My child has no intention of spending a vacation with me.My children have no intention of spending a vacation with me.,意義一致是說謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)要取決于主語所表達(dá)的概念，而不取決于表

2、面上的語法標(biāo)記。 1.主語形式雖為單數(shù)，但意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 The majority of primary school teachers are women.2.主語形式為復(fù)數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。 No news is good news.Billiards is becoming more and more popular in some cities.,就近原則是指當(dāng)主語由兩個或兩個以上名詞或代詞組成時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要與它緊鄰的名詞或代詞的數(shù)一致。There is a square table and some chairs in the center of

3、the dining-room.Either your students or William knows this.提示一般說來，究竟何時采用何種原則，應(yīng)視英語習(xí)慣用法而定。但在實際使用中，如果對上述三種原則捉摸不定時，遵循語法一致的原則是一種比較穩(wěn)妥的方法。,1.用and (或both.and) 連接并列主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。A hammer and a saw are useful tools.當(dāng)and連接的兩個名詞是指組合到一起的一件完整的或成套的東西，或表示同一個人或一種概念時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。The writer and teacher is speaking at t

4、he meeting.必背英語中并列結(jié)構(gòu)表示整體概念的有：iron and steel 鋼鐵 a needle and thread 針線 aim and end 目的 going to bed early and getting up early 早睡早起 a watch and chain 一塊帶鏈的表a cart and horse 一輛馬車 a coat and tie 配有領(lǐng)帶的上衣bread and butter 黃油面包law and order 治安a knife and fork 刀叉,2.一個名詞為幾個并列形容詞所修飾時，這時主語和謂語動詞的一致關(guān)系一般遵循語法一致的原則。

5、Clever and slow students are treated alike. A black and white kitten was found in the garden yesterday. 比較A black and a white dogs are playing in the yard. A black and white dog is playing in the yard. 3.在each.and each., every.and every., no.and no.等結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Each boy and each girl has an apple

6、.Every hour and every minute is precious.No bird and no beast is seen on the lonely island.4.帶有并列動詞的what從句作主語時，要根據(jù)意義一致的原則決定動詞的數(shù)。What he says and does do not agree. What he says and does does not concern me. 5.在某些成語中，一些并列主語用and相連時，其后謂語用單數(shù)。All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Early to bed and e

7、arly to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise.,以or, either.or, neither.nor, not.but, not only.but also等連接的名詞(代詞)作并列主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。Neither he nor I am willing to go shopping today. Not the students but their teacher is invited to the party. Are either you or he to go there? 是你還是他將去那里？Nei

8、ther is.,主語后跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, like, rather than, together with, besides, including, in addition to等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)按主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)而定。The manager, rather than the workers, is responsible for the loss.Nobody but three policemen was on the spot.,形復(fù)意單的名詞作主語(即形式為復(fù)數(shù)，意義為單數(shù))，按意義一

9、致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。1.許多學(xué)科名稱，如mathematics, physics, economics, politics，以及news等名詞作主語時，動詞用單數(shù)。News is traveling fast nowadays.2.用作國名、組織機構(gòu)、書名、報刊名等復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞作為整體對待，謂語用單數(shù)。The Times reports the news of the strike.Great Expectations was written by Dickens in 1860.點津坊如果山脈、群島、瀑布等名稱作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。The Gre

10、at Lakes lie between the USA and Canada.五大湖在美國和加拿大兩國之間。The Philippines are in the western Pacific Ocean southeast of China.菲律賓群島在中國東南太平洋西部。The Niagara Falls are the falls on the Niagara River.尼亞加拉瀑布位于尼亞加拉河上。,3.一些形復(fù)意單的名詞，包括有成雙成套部分的衣物或工具名稱，作主語時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。My blue trousers have been worn out.His glasses are

11、 new.提示這些名詞如用a pair of修飾時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The shoes are under the bed. 鞋在床下。The pair of shoes is under the bed. 這雙鞋在床下。 4.單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致的原則，用作單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)；用作復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語有復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：sheep, deer, fish, means, works, species, Chinese, Japanese等。The (This) glass works was set up in 1986.This species of rose is ver

12、y rare.比較當(dāng)這類名詞前有a, such a, this, that, every修飾時，謂語用單數(shù)；有all, such, these, those修飾時，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。Every means has been tried out without much result.All means have been tried out without much result.,集合名詞表示有若干個體組成的集合體，如army, audience, class, club, company, crowd, government, group, party, population, team, un

13、ion等。1.集合名詞作主語時，若表示整體概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，若表示構(gòu)成該集合體的成員，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。His family are waiting for him. But the mans family was small only himself and his wife. 2.有些集合名詞，如cattle, folk親屬), people, police, youth等，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，即所謂的“形單意復(fù)”。The police have caught the thief.The cattle are grazing in the field.3.有些無生命(表示物)的集

14、合名詞作主語，謂語用單數(shù)。All the furniture in my room is new. Has your luggage arrived yet? A lot of hiking equipment is needed here.,1.名詞性物主代詞作主語時，既可以用作單數(shù)，也可以用作復(fù)數(shù)，這取決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 Ours is a great country. Your shoes are black, and mine are brown. 2.such, the same等指示代詞作主語時，應(yīng)根據(jù)其所指的內(nèi)容來決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。Such are her wishes.

15、Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.3.關(guān)系代詞who, that, which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與主句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。Those who want to go for a picnic please put up your hands.點津坊在one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who/that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，關(guān)系代詞who/that/which的先行詞是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞而不是one，因此，從句中的動詞應(yīng)該是復(fù)數(shù)形式。但當(dāng)one之前有the, the only等修飾

16、語時，關(guān)系代詞的先行詞是one，而不是靠近它的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，因此從句的動詞應(yīng)是單數(shù)形式。She is the only one of the girls who sings best.,4.疑問代詞who, what, which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。Who lives upstairs? It is Xiao Wang.Who live next door? It is Li and Zhang.5.不定代詞作主語時，有以下兩種情況：some, all, any, none, more, most等詞可以指復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，視其文中的意義，判

17、斷動詞用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的形式。None are so good as those who are always ready to help others.None is so good as he.提示在口語中，none of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)均可，要以說話人所想的而定。None of the telephones works/work. some, all, any, none, more, most等詞接of時，若of的賓語為不可數(shù)名詞，動詞用單數(shù)形式；若of的賓語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Most of the colour blind people ar

18、e men. Most of his spare time was spent in reading.,1.數(shù)詞作主語，不論指人還是指物，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)。About twenty know the secret.大約二十人知道這個秘密。Six are missing.丟了六個。 2.more than one + 單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但它的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。More than one person has known the news.More students than one are for

19、your proposal.3.one out of ten 或one in ten結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)按照語法一致的原則，用單數(shù)。One out of ten was badly injured in the accident.4.a + 單數(shù)名詞 + or two結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。但one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。A word or two is missing here.One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening.,5.many a + 單數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞需用單數(shù)形

20、式。Many a passenger was killed in the accident.Many a boy has been to the castle.6.one and a half + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞需用單數(shù)形式。One and a half bananas is left on the table.One and a half years has passed.7.分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù) + of + 名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea.Two-thi

21、rds of the people present are against the plan.8.用plus/and表示“加”，用minus表示“減”，和用times表示“乘”時，動詞多用單數(shù)，但也可用復(fù)數(shù)。Two and two is/are four.Ten times five is/are fifty.點津坊用from表示“被減”，multiplied by表示“被乘”或divided by表示“被除”，其謂語動詞用單數(shù)。8 from 10 leaves 2. 10減8等于2。25 divided by 5 equals 5.,9.時間、價格、距離等作為整體看待時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。

22、Fifty kilometers is a long distance.Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 點津坊若強調(diào)這類結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞也可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Six years have passed since my father left home. The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 10.“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時

23、，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因為of后面的名詞是中心詞，而of前面的量詞是修飾語。Lots of damage was caused by fire.Lots of goods were sent there by air.Half of the oranges are bad.Half of the food is unfit to eat.,11.在a number / total of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞是名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但在the number / total of + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)中，中心詞卻是number或total，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式

24、 A number of students are playing basketball on the playground.The number of pages in this book is 900.12.在a great deal of / a large amount of + 不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。但large amounts of + 不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。A large amount of money is spent on the project.Large amounts of money were spent on the fre

25、e way.13.the rest of + 可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。 The rest of the students are watering trees. The rest of the wine has gone bad.,1.不定式短語、動詞-ing形式和名詞性從句作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Doing experiments is a good way to find out answers to questions.That I shall work with you is a great pleasure.點津坊what

26、引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)，但所指的具體內(nèi)容如果是復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 What we want is more time. What they need in that area are doctors and nurses. What she left him are some old photos.,名詞化的形容詞指的是the + 形容詞結(jié)構(gòu)，如：the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the wounded, the injured, the unemploye

27、d, the dying, the living等。當(dāng)這種結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，表示一類人時，謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但也有少數(shù)的形容詞與定冠詞連用指個別的或表示抽象的概念時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。The young are more active than the old in the work. The beautiful is loved by all.必背下列詞屬于表示抽象的概念，謂語動詞需用單數(shù)。the evil 惡 the ugly 丑 the latest 最新情況 the unknown 未知的事 the rough 難處理的事 the worst 最壞的事 the foreign 外國的事情

28、the unreal 不真實的事 the lovely 漂亮的東西 the mystical 神秘的東西,倒裝句的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)主語而定。 On the wall were several famous paintings.,/,It is said that the great poet and writer have come to 1,_ our school. He will give us a lecture about English learning. He brought some books here this time. Part of the books is w

29、ritten by himself. From his books 2,_ we will know 20% of the workers in his country is 3,_ women and a hammer and a saw is the womens only 4, _ tools. He also brought a red and big apple here, but most of the apple were eaten by a rat last night. He 5,_ is an interesting man. Bread and butter are h

30、is 6,_ favorite food. Whats more, his trousers is new. 7,_ But neither the students nor the teacher know anything 8,_ about it. He will stay in our school for three days. Most of the students think three days are not a long 9,_ time. We hope he will enjoy himself here. You as well as he is welcomed

31、to the lecture. 10,_,has,are,are,are,was,is,are,knows,is,are,1.Every teacher and every student _found a Students Union.A. has B .have C. expects to D. hope to 2.Nobody but them _to know about the matter. A. want B. wants C. have wanted D. were wanted 3.Nothing but trousers _in that small shop.A. was

32、 worthy of 20$ B. were worth 20$C. was cost 20 $ D. was paid 20 $ for 4.The dictionary as well as the books that _pictures in them _to her. A. has; belongs B. have; are belonged C. has; belong D. have; belongs 5.20% of the work of the whole year _finished by their group last month. A. has been B .ha

33、d been C. were D. was,c,B,D,D,D,6.A knife and fork _on the table. A. is B. are C. has been D. have being 7.Neither his parents nor his wife _anything about it. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known 8.Five dollars _too much for a ticket. A. seems B. seem C. seem to be D .are 9.Most of the apples

34、_. A. was rotten B .were rotten C. has rotten D. have rotten 10.About one third of the workers in that factory_young people. A. is B. has been C. are D. have been,A,B,A,B,C,11.Not only the teacher but also the students _the change.A. object to B. objects to C. object D. objects 12.Every means _tried

35、 since then. A. has been B. have been C. are D. is 13. This pair of trousers _my sister. A. is belong to B. are belong C. belong to D. belongs to 114. Our team _defeated by theirs last Sunday.A. was B .had been C. has been D. have been 115. Our team _taking showers when the door was knocked open.A.

36、was B. areC. were D. have been,A,A,D,A,C,1.I , who a teacher must be strict and careful in everything. A.is B.am 2.What the population of Beijing? A.is B.are 3. The Chinese a great people. A.is B.are 4.A woman with a baby coming here. A.is B.are 5.The girl as well as the boys learned to drive a car.

37、 A.has B.have 6.To finish the work hard work. A.needs B.need 7.No teacher and student in the school. A.is B.are 8.Whenever anything ,please stay here quietly. A.happens B.happen. 9. Many a man the story. A.believes B.believe,B,A,B,A,A,A,A,A,A,10.More than five men died in the accident. A.has B.have

38、11. there any police around? A.Is B.Are 12.My trousers dirty. A.is B.are 13.A pair of glasses lying on the chair. A.is B.are 14.A year and a half already passed. A.has B.have 15.The number of the students who part in the entrance examination great. A.takes,is B.takes,are C.take,is D.take,are 16.Twel

39、ve percent of the workers here women. A.is B.are 17.His family not very large. A. is B.are 18.His family watching TV. A.is B are,B,B,B,A,A,C,B,A,B,19.Most of the earth covered with water. A.is B.are 20.Most of the cars made in Shanghai. A. is B.are 21.All not gold that glitters. A. is B.are 22.Many sheep looked after by the old man. A.is B.are 23.Bread and butter their daily food. A.isB.are 24.Now a number of young men very well. A.cooks B.cook 25.Those