Lecture-2-The-Renaissance-Period英美文學(xué)課件.ppt

1、The Renaissance Period,Historical Background Renaissance in Europe: 14th - mid-17th Slow in reaching England, Why? separation from the continent domestic unrest: 1st, Wars of the Roses: 1455-1485 (aristocrats) 2nd, Hundred Years War: 14th-15th (Bri-Fran),The old aristocracy was wiped out.,King Henry

2、 VIII of the Tudor House (1509-1547),Roman Catholic Church Church of England Religious Reformation,Queen Elizabeth (Tudor) (1558- 1603) “Balance” the rising middle class - feudal lords Protestants - Catholics 1588 English navy Spanish navy,The word “Renaissance” means revival or rebirth, and in this

3、 particular context, it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after long years of neglect in the medieval time. “Renaissance, therefore, in essence, is a historical period. Roman Catholic Church.” Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance.,Humanism: Humanism is both the

4、keynote of the Renaissance and the intellectual liberation movement. The humanists took interest in human life and human activities and gave expression to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty, human achievement.,Chief Achievements 1.Poetry: prosperous “a nest of singing birds” sonnet 2. Dr

5、ama: Marlowe, Ben Jonson, Shakespeare blank verse London- centre of drama performance,Englands Golden Age in Literature,Edmund Spenser (1552- 1599),The Faerie Queene incomplete English epic poem,This masterpiece is dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. Spenser plans 12 books, each one with a hero standing f

6、or a different moral virtue. Largely symbolic, the poem follows several knights in their adventures to test their virtues: Holiness, Friendship, Justice, Courtesy, etc. The two main characters that serves as the unity of the book are Arthur Ever since the first day weve met, I fell for you at first

7、sight; Seeing you, thinking about you, missing you, Eternity is my promise for you; Two roads diverged in our journey, And sorry I could not be there for thee; If its our fate to be student and teacher, You will find me by your side forever; Its hard, its deep, its dark, But you have wonders to emba

8、rk; Holding your hand, touching your heart, As long as we can breathe we will never be apart.,Romeo and Juliet,Romeo and Juliets Plot: There are two families in Italy who share mutual hostility to each other. One is Montague; the other is Capulet. One day Romeo Montague participated in a fancy dress

9、 party held by Capulet home, where he met Juliet Capulet and they fell in love with each other at first sight.,Romeo and Juliet secretly got married with the help of the priest, who hopes to eliminate the long-standing hatred between the two families. Later, Romeo killed Juliets cousin and was punis

10、hed by expulsion.,After hearing the bad news, Juliet comes to the Father for help, who helps her drink a poison to pretend committing suicide but can wake up 42 hours later. Romeo arrives at the church in a hurry. Believing Juliet has already died he drinks a toxic drug and kills himself. When Julie

11、t wakes up, she also chooses to take her own life. In the end, the younger generations love tragedy leads to the reconciliation between two families.,ROMEO But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, Who is al

12、ready sick and pale with grief, That thou her maid art far more fair than she: Be not her maid, since she is envious; Her vestal livery is but sick and green And none but fools do wear it; cast it off. It is my lady, O, it is my love! O, that she knew she were!,She speaks yet she says nothing: what

13、of that? Her eye discourses; I will answer it. I am too bold, tis not to me she speaks: Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven, Having some business, do entreat her eyes To twinkle in their spheres till they return. What if her eyes were there, they in her head? The brightness of her cheek would

14、 shame those stars, As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heaven Would through the airy region stream so bright That birds would sing and think it were not night. See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand! O, that I were a glove upon that hand, That I might touch that cheek!,JULIET Ay me! ROMEO She

15、speaks: O, speak again, bright angel! for thou art As glorious to this night, being oer my head As is a winged messenger of heaven Unto the white-upturned wondering eyes Of mortals that fall back to gaze on him When he bestrides the lazy-pacing clouds And sails upon the bosom of the air.,JULIET O Ro

16、meo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy name; Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, And Ill no longer be a Capulet. ROMEO Aside Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this?,JULIET Tis but thy name that is my enemy; Thou art thyself, though not a Montague. Whats Mon

17、tague? it is nor hand, nor foot, Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part Belonging to a man. O, be some other name! Whats in a name? that which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet; So Romeo would, were he not Romeo calld, Retain that dear perfection which he owes Without that title.

18、Romeo, doff thy name, And for that name which is no part of thee Take all myself.,Act II Scene II But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks? 小聲些！窗口那透出的是什么光亮？ It is the east, and Juliet is the sun. 那是東方，朱麗葉就是太陽。 Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon, 升起來吧，美麗的太陽，殺掉那嫉妒的月亮， Who is already

19、sick and pale with grief, That thou her maid art far more fair than she: 她因為她的女侍比她美麗得多，便難過得面色慘白： Be not her maid, since she is envious; 她如此善妒，不要做她的信徒；,Her vestal livery is but sick and green 她所能給的貞潔的道袍是慘綠的顏色 And none but fools do wear it; cast it off. 只有愚人才肯穿；把它脫掉吧。 It is my lady, O, it is my love!

20、是我的小姐，??！是我的愛人 O, that she knew she were! 啊！我但愿她知道她是我的愛人。 She speaks yet she says nothing: what of that? 她說話了，又好像是沒說什么：那又有什么關(guān)系？ Her eye discourses; I will answer it. 她的眼睛在說話；我要回答她。,I am too bold, tis not to me she speaks: 我太魯莽了，她不是在對我說話： Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven, Having some busines

21、s, do entreat her eyes To twinkle in their spheres till they return. 天上兩顆最燦爛的星，因公外出，在歸位之前央求她的眼睛代替他們在星座中閃爍。 What if her eyes were there, they in her head? 如果她的眼睛放在星座里，星嵌在她的頭上，那又有何不可呢？ The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars, 她的臉上的光輝可以使群星慚愧，,As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heaven Woul

22、d through the airy region stream so bright 恰似白晝可以使燈光失色一般； 她的眼睛會在天空閃出一片亮光 That birds would sing and think it were not night. 鳥兒會以為夜色已闌而開始歌唱。 See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand! 看！她手托著香腮的樣兒有多俏： O, that I were a glove upon that hand, ??！我愿化身為她手上的一只手套， That I might touch that cheek! 那樣便可撫摸她的香腮了。,

23、JULIET Ay me! 哎呀！ ROMEO She speaks: 她說話了： O, speak again, bright angel! for thou art As glorious to this night, being oer my head As is a winged messenger of heaven Unto the white-upturned wondering eyes Of mortals that fall back to gaze on him When he bestrides the lazy-pacing clouds And sails upon

24、 the bosom of the air. ?。≡僬f下去，光明的天使；因為在這夜間，你高高在我頭上，恰似生翅膀的天使一般明亮，使塵世的眾生翻著白眼，驚得倒退，看你踏著懶洋洋的白云在天空駛過。,JULIET O Romeo, Romeo! wherefore art thou Romeo? 啊羅密歐，羅密歐！你為什么是羅密歐？ Deny thy father and refuse thy name; 否認你的父親，放棄你的姓氏； Or, if thou wilt not, be but sworn my love, 如果你不肯，那么只消發(fā)誓做我的愛人， And Ill no longer be

25、 a Capulet. 我便不再是一個卡帕萊特家的人。 ROMEO Aside Shall I hear more, or shall I speak at this? 旁白我聽下去呢？還是就此開始說話？,JULIET Tis but thy name that is my enemy; 只是你的姓氏成為我的仇敵； Thou art thyself, though not a Montague. 你就是不姓蒙特鳩，你還是你自己。 Whats Montague? It is nor hand, nor foot, 蒙特鳩是什么？不是手，不是腳， Nor arm, nor face, nor an

26、y other part Belonging to a man. O, be some other name! 不是臂，不是臉，也不是人身上任何其他一部分。??！換另外一個姓吧!,Whats in a name? that which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet; 姓算得什么？我們所謂的玫瑰，換個名字， 還是一樣的香； So Romeo would, were he not Romeo calld, Retain that dear perfection which he owes Without that titl

27、e. Romeo, doff thy name, And for that name which is no part of thee Take all myself. 所以羅密歐，如果不叫羅密歐，名字雖然換掉，依舊可以保持他的那份優(yōu)秀。羅密歐，放棄你那個名姓，那名姓不是你的一部分，為彌補這名姓的損失請把我整個自己拿了去吧。,Shakespeare in Love The best movie of 71st Oscar,Shakespeares Achievements 1. Shakespeare represented the trend of history in giving voi

28、ce to the desires and aspirations of the people. In the first two periods, Shakespeare wrote a number of plays with the history of England as their background. So his plays include the whole transitional period of England from medieval time to modern time.,2. Shakespeares humanism: In his early stag

29、e, his plays were overflowed with optimistic spirit, no matter whether in comedies or tragedies. He had firm belief in the nobility of human nature and in the power of love. But as the years went on Shakespeare became more mature and his knowledge of human nature grew in depth. The more he knew abou

30、t human nature, the more he was depressed at the ugliness of human nature. This pessimistic outlook appears in his tragedies. However, the human dramatist at last overcame spiritual crisis and recovered his faith in human nature and wrote the beautiful romances which ended his career.,3. Shakespeare

31、s characterization: In his plays he described a great number of characters, ranging from kings to clowns, and grave-diggers; from lunatics to ghosts; from lovers to man-haters. Shakespeares characters are “round”, in the sense that they have many aspects or dimensions. In his characters, vice and vi

32、rtue commingle and that is true of the common sense of humanity.,4. Shakespeares originality: Shakespeare drew most of his materials from sources that were known to his audience; some from Roman dramas, some from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, and some from other writers plays. But his plays are origina

33、l because he instilled into the old materials a new spirit that gives new life to his plays. The best example is Hamlet, which bears many resemblance to Thomas Kyds The Spanish Tragedy.,5. Shakespeare as a great poet: Shakespeare was not only a great dramatist, but also a great poet. Apart from his

34、sonnets and long poems, his dramas are poetry. They are rich in images, metaphors and symbols.,6. Shakespeare as master of the English language: It is estimated that he had a command of about 15,000 words. Many of his quotations and phrases have been absorbed into the English language.,TEM 8 Exercis

35、e “Whats in a name? that which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet;” this is a perfect example of _ as one design features of languages. A. duality B. creativity C. arbitrariness D. displacement C,_ is defined as an expression of human emotion which is condensed into fourteen lines

36、. A. Free verse B. Sonnet C. Ode D. Epigram B,The real mainstream of the English Renaissance is _. the Elizabethan drama the Elizabethan prose ancient poem romantic novel A,Which of the following is not Marlowes Plays? Tamburlaine the Great The Jew of Malta The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus Cymbel

37、ine D,Here are two lines from a long poem:Upon a great adventure he was bond,/ That greatest Gloriana to him gave.The poem must be _. Beowulf Shakespeares The Rape of Lucrece Marlowes The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene D,Shakespeare has established his giant positi

38、on in world literature with his _ plays. 47 27 52 37 D,The following are the main qualities of Spensers poetry except _. perfect melody rare sense of beauty dedicated idealism bitter irony D,Which of the following historical events does not directly help to stimulate the rising of the Renaissance Mo

39、vement? The rediscovery of ancient Greek and Roman culture The new discoveries in geography and astrology The Glorious Revolution The religious reformation and the economic expansion C,Francis Bacon,He was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer and author. “had a fortunate heritage and

40、 background” death He died of the cold he caught during an experiment.,Essayist Bacons 58 essays were published in 1625. They are the authors reflections and comments, mostly on rather abstract subjects, such as “Of Truth”, “Of Friendship”, and “Of Riches”. They are known for their brevity, compactn

41、ess and powerfulness.,Of Studies from Essays 讀書足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以長才。 其怡情也，最見于獨處幽居之時；其傅彩也，最見于高談闊論之中；其長才也，最見于處世判事之際。,書有可淺嘗者，有可吞食者，少數(shù)則須咀嚼消化。換言之，有只須讀其部分者，有只須大體涉獵者，少數(shù)則須全讀，讀時須全神貫注，孜孜不倦。書亦可請人代讀，取其所作摘要，但只限題材較次或價值不高者，否則書經(jīng)提煉猶如水經(jīng)蒸餾，淡而無味矣。,讀書使人充實，討論使人機智，筆記使人準確。 因此不常做筆記者須記憶特強，不常討論者須天生聰穎，不常讀書者須欺世有術(shù)，始能無知而顯有知。 讀史使人明智，讀詩使

42、人靈秀，數(shù)學(xué)使人周密，科學(xué)使人深刻，倫理學(xué)使人莊重，邏輯修辭使人善辯。,John Donne,Quotations of John Donne,No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main. . Any mans death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind; and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tol

43、ls for thee.,English poet and clergyman Donne is the leading figure of the 17th-century metaphysical school.,Metaphysical Poets/ School/ Poetry It is a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by bold conceits, complexity of thought, frequent use of paradox and often by deliberate harshness of ex

44、pression. The main themes of the metaphysical poets are love, death, and religion. The chief representative poet is John Donne.,Death Be Not Proud 死亡，不要驕傲，雖然有人說你 強大而又可怖，而你并不真的這樣 因為你只是威嚇害怕你的人們。 可憐的死亡，本身無法死亡，也不能將我殺死。 休憩與睡眠，這就是你的寫照， 無數(shù)的歡樂，也是從你，涌流出來， 我們中的最優(yōu)秀的人隨你去得越早， 越能早日獲得身體的休息，靈魂的解脫。,你是奴隸，服從于命運、機會、君王和

45、亡命之徒， 在毒藥、戰(zhàn)爭與疾病間徘徊 鴉片、迷藥也可以讓我們甜美地睡去 那么你的突然降臨又有什么好呢？你又為什么驕傲？ 一旦短暫的睡眠過去，我們將永遠覺醒 死亡再也不會有，死亡，你自己應(yīng)該死去！,Theme? Death has no right to be proud, since human beings do not die but live eternally after “one short sleep”.,George Herbert English poet and clergyman,Influenced by John Donne, also by the religion

46、of the Church of England, most of his works praised highly of the God and beauty, which can be found in one of his poem Virtue.,美德 甜美的白晝，如此明媚、涼爽、安寧！ 這正是天和地舉行婚禮的時候 今晚的露珠將為你悲泣落淚， 因為夜幕會將你化為烏有。 美麗的玫瑰，光彩鮮艷奪目， 令注視的眼光不敢久留， 因為植根于墳地之中， 你也終將化為烏有。,美好春天充滿美好的時光和玫瑰， 有如匣子被甜蜜芬芳浸透； 你像我心中的音樂總有窮期， 世上萬物終將化為烏有。 唯有高尚的心靈不

47、會消逝， 如風(fēng)干的棟梁絕不彎腰低頭； 縱然整個世界化為灰燼， 它的光彩照亮萬古千秋。,Theme? Everything will meet its end, but virtue can survive forever. 2. Images? day rose spring timber 3. Rhyme Scheme? abab, cbcb, dbdb, efef,Ben Jonson playwright poet,Plays: satire humor characters Poems: short lyric form poet laureate Song- To Celia,致西麗

48、婭 汝以眸子為吾舉杯， 吾以雙眼回饋以報； 或于杯口印一香吻， 吾必不將美酒尋找。 渴求暢飲神酒仙釀， 乃靈魂升華之愿望； 若以汝酒與之交換， 吾寧不飲天釀瓊漿;,吾曾贈汝玫瑰花環(huán)， 并非對汝表示敬仰， 只為花環(huán)留汝身邊， 將永不凋謝常留芳。 而汝卻將花環(huán)返還， 并口呼蘭香噴其上； 吾發(fā)誓花環(huán)生異變， 花氣不再但聞汝香。,Robert Herrick poet a follower of Ben Jonson,To the Virgins, to Make Much of Time,玫瑰堪摘直須摘， 韶光不再來； 好花紅笑今時艷， 明朝化塵埃。 太陽如燈耀中天 極頂必西偏； 愈走命程愈短促，

49、日落瞬刻間。,人生得意綻花蕾， 青春氣血美； 華年易逝朱顏改， 光陰似箭飛。 及時行樂勿害羞， 只要兩情投； 花齡月貌去不回， 誤了好時候！,Theme? carpe diem- seize the day Dead Poets Society,唐 杜秋娘 金縷衣,John Milton 16081674 Poet Man of letters,Three Great Poems: Samson Agonistes,Paradise Lost: the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The story is taken from the Old Testament: Satan and other angels rebel against God, but they are defeated and driven from Heaven into Hell. Even amidst the furnace of Hell, Satan is determined to fight back. He assumes the shape of a snake and comes to the Garden of