寫作基本語法和詞匯1.ppt

1、寫作基本語法和詞匯1,Content:,Sentence Patterns Gerunds Infinitives Classified Vocabulary Essential Collocation,Sentence Patterns,主語（s）+謂語 （p） They are working hard 主語（s）+謂語（p）+賓語（o） Women like beautiful dresses. 主語（s）+謂語（p）+間接賓語（io）+直接賓語（do） Some schools give their studens a long summer vacation. 主語（s）+謂語（p）

2、+賓語（o）+補語（c） Watching fun movies allows me to take a break from my busy routine. 主語（s）+系動詞 （lv）+表語（p） He is a university student.,Glossary,S： Subject（主語） V：Verb（動詞） O： Object（賓語） P：Predicative（表語） OC： Object Complement（賓語補足語） P：Predicate （謂語） DO：Direct Object （直接賓語） IO: Indirect Object （間接賓語）,謂語 （Pr

3、edicate）,謂語專一原則,確實需要多個謂語時需用連詞, 或主從句形式加以連接（分號也可）如: She looked and smiled. He will give you some advice; he may even help you do it.,簡單句中只允許存在一個謂語動詞，其余動詞必須是非謂語形式。英文中切忌：兩個謂語形式的動詞直接連接（尤其是be動詞不能和實意動詞連用，is do是絕不可能出現(xiàn)的），或以逗號連接,并列句中的每個分句及主從句中的每個簡單句仍需遵循謂語專一原則。牢記這一原則才可準確地排除干擾選項，找出句中的致命錯誤,Exercise,The edible （可

4、食用的）tube mushroom -a cushion （墊子）like, moist（潮濕的） cap that is light brown or darkish（微暗的） red.(A) which has(B) to have(C) having (D) has,答案：D,表語（Predicative）,表語多由形容詞、名詞擔當，也可是介賓短語、不定式、分詞或動名詞等 Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is - in various forms.(A) abundant(B) the ab

5、undance(C) an abundant(D) it abundant,答案： A,賓語（Object）,若謂語動詞是及物的，那么及物動詞后面一定要接賓語。賓語大部分由名詞和代詞的賓格充當，也可是動名詞、不定式等 如：He found a ladybird in his pencil-box. I dont want to disturb you. The United States Congress made Washington, D.C., - in 1800.(A) after the government center(B) of the government center(C)

6、 the center of government(D) then the center of government,答案：C,狀語（Adverbial）,句子中除了主謂結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可能包含表示時間、地點、方式等內(nèi)容的狀語，通常由副詞、介賓短語來承當。如：At night, XM go to night club. 此句中at night是時間狀語,-a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.(A)

7、Has been(B) It was while(C) She was(D) As,答案：D,同位語 （Appositive）,填空題中若除去空格部分是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，且空格與句子其他部分之間用兩個逗號完全隔開或用一個逗號隔開一邊，則空格處需要填入同位語或定語 (1) From 1946 to 1949, -William Henry Hastie served as governor of the Virgin Islands.(A) the lawyer(B) he was the lawyer(C) the lawyer who(D) was the lawyer,答案：A,Basic

8、Sentence Structure （基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)）,簡單句：simple sentence,只包含一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，是英文的基本組成單位,主從復合句：complex sentence,兩個或兩個以上互相依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，有從句有主句,兩個或兩個以上互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，由并列連詞連接,并列句：compound sentence,simple sentence （簡單句）,指至少有一個主語（subject）和一個動詞（verb），并能表達完整意思的詞的集合 eg. Mike(s) wants(v) to major in chemistry in university. *Note:

9、不完整的句子（Fragment）指的是沒有主語(s.)或動詞(v.)，或者不能表達完整意思的詞的集合 eg. Wants to major in chemistry. (沒有主語） Mike to major in chemistry. (沒有動詞) Because Mike likes chemistry.(不能表達完整意思),Exercises:,Traditionally, -in New England on Thanksgiving Day.(A) when served is sweet cider（蘋果酒）(B) when sweet cider is served(C) is

10、served sweet cider(D) sweet cider is served,答案：D,compound sentence （并列句）,有關(guān)并列連詞的知識,關(guān)于平行結(jié)構(gòu),由連詞連接的多套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并存，彼此之間相互沒有依存關(guān)系,并列連詞,1. 最典型的并列連詞有：and, but, or, so, yet, for 2. 固定搭配使用的并列連詞：not onlybut (also), not onlybut(as well), bothand, eitheror, neithernor, tooto, such()as the same.as, betweenand，as well a

11、s(注意和副詞as well相區(qū)別),(not) soas，as as, not so much A as B(與其說A不如說B)so/such a that,Exercise,Lillian D. Wald, public health nurse and -, was born in Cincinnati Ohio, in 1867.(A) reforming society(B) social reformer(C) who reformed society,答案：B,complex sentence （主從復合句）,主句和從句必須有連接詞銜接。連接詞可以在兩個句子中間，也可以放置于句首

12、 -主句+連接詞+從句 -連接詞+從句，主句 從句類型：,Gerunds（動名詞）,As a Subject -Taking a walk is very good exercise. As a Complement -One of my favorite activities is surfing the Internet. As an Object -I enjoy watching movies in my spare time. *Note：介詞后面的動詞必須以動名詞形式出現(xiàn)，作介詞的賓語,Exercise,改錯： Microwave cooking can be accurately

13、 described as the first absolutely new method of prepare food since the discovery of fire. 解析：prepare-preparing; 介詞of后面應該接動名詞形式，即of preparing. Most crickets (蟋蟀) have two pairs of fully developed winds, and mascular(肌肉的) hind legs (后腿) for jump. 解析：jump-jumping; 介詞for后面應該接動名詞形式.,Infinitives (不定式）,Li

14、ke a Noun The main purpose of traveling is to experience new things. Like an Adjective Peoples behavior has much to do with what clothes they wear. Like an Adverb In order to earn more money in the future, people try to get accepted to good schools.,Exercise:,A fuel is a substance used _light, heat, or energy. A. generating B. generates C. to generate D. it is generating 解析：C. 根據(jù)句意及結(jié)構(gòu)，選擇動詞不定式作目的狀語。,Classified Vocabulary,Science&Technology： 太空研究 智能機器 克隆技術(shù) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 電子書籍取代傳統(tǒng)書籍 計算