寫作基本語(yǔ)法和詞匯1.ppt

1、寫作基本語(yǔ)法和詞匯1,Content:,Sentence Patterns Gerunds Infinitives Classified Vocabulary Essential Collocation,Sentence Patterns,主語(yǔ)（s）+謂語(yǔ) （p） They are working hard 主語(yǔ)（s）+謂語(yǔ)（p）+賓語(yǔ)（o） Women like beautiful dresses. 主語(yǔ)（s）+謂語(yǔ)（p）+間接賓語(yǔ)（io）+直接賓語(yǔ)（do） Some schools give their studens a long summer vacation. 主語(yǔ)（s）+謂語(yǔ)（p）

2、+賓語(yǔ)（o）+補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（c） Watching fun movies allows me to take a break from my busy routine. 主語(yǔ)（s）+系動(dòng)詞 （lv）+表語(yǔ)（p） He is a university student.,Glossary,S： Subject（主語(yǔ)） V：Verb（動(dòng)詞） O： Object（賓語(yǔ)） P：Predicative（表語(yǔ)） OC： Object Complement（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)） P：Predicate （謂語(yǔ)） DO：Direct Object （直接賓語(yǔ)） IO: Indirect Object （間接賓語(yǔ)）,謂語(yǔ) （Pr

3、edicate）,謂語(yǔ)專一原則,確實(shí)需要多個(gè)謂語(yǔ)時(shí)需用連詞, 或主從句形式加以連接（分號(hào)也可）如: She looked and smiled. He will give you some advice; he may even help you do it.,簡(jiǎn)單句中只允許存在一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，其余動(dòng)詞必須是非謂語(yǔ)形式。英文中切忌：兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)形式的動(dòng)詞直接連接（尤其是be動(dòng)詞不能和實(shí)意動(dòng)詞連用，is do是絕不可能出現(xiàn)的），或以逗號(hào)連接,并列句中的每個(gè)分句及主從句中的每個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句仍需遵循謂語(yǔ)專一原則。牢記這一原則才可準(zhǔn)確地排除干擾選項(xiàng)，找出句中的致命錯(cuò)誤,Exercise,The edible （可

4、食用的）tube mushroom -a cushion （墊子）like, moist（潮濕的） cap that is light brown or darkish（微暗的） red.(A) which has(B) to have(C) having (D) has,答案：D,表語(yǔ)（Predicative）,表語(yǔ)多由形容詞、名詞擔(dān)當(dāng)，也可是介賓短語(yǔ)、不定式、分詞或動(dòng)名詞等 Wherever there is plenty of rain during the growing season, life is - in various forms.(A) abundant(B) the ab

5、undance(C) an abundant(D) it abundant,答案： A,賓語(yǔ)（Object）,若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是及物的，那么及物動(dòng)詞后面一定要接賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)大部分由名詞和代詞的賓格充當(dāng)，也可是動(dòng)名詞、不定式等 如：He found a ladybird in his pencil-box. I dont want to disturb you. The United States Congress made Washington, D.C., - in 1800.(A) after the government center(B) of the government center(C)

6、 the center of government(D) then the center of government,答案：C,狀語(yǔ)（Adverbial）,句子中除了主謂結(jié)構(gòu)外，還可能包含表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等內(nèi)容的狀語(yǔ)，通常由副詞、介賓短語(yǔ)來(lái)承當(dāng)。如：At night, XM go to night club. 此句中at night是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),-a child, sculptor Anne Whitney showed an eager intellect and artistic talent that her parents recognized and encouraged.(A)

7、Has been(B) It was while(C) She was(D) As,答案：D,同位語(yǔ) （Appositive）,填空題中若除去空格部分是完整的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，且空格與句子其他部分之間用兩個(gè)逗號(hào)完全隔開(kāi)或用一個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)一邊，則空格處需要填入同位語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ) (1) From 1946 to 1949, -William Henry Hastie served as governor of the Virgin Islands.(A) the lawyer(B) he was the lawyer(C) the lawyer who(D) was the lawyer,答案：A,Basic

8、Sentence Structure （基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)）,簡(jiǎn)單句：simple sentence,只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子，是英文的基本組成單位,主從復(fù)合句：complex sentence,兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上互相依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，有從句有主句,兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上互不依從的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)成，由并列連詞連接,并列句：compound sentence,simple sentence （簡(jiǎn)單句）,指至少有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（subject）和一個(gè)動(dòng)詞（verb），并能表達(dá)完整意思的詞的集合 eg. Mike(s) wants(v) to major in chemistry in university. *Note:

9、不完整的句子（Fragment）指的是沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)(s.)或動(dòng)詞(v.)，或者不能表達(dá)完整意思的詞的集合 eg. Wants to major in chemistry. (沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)） Mike to major in chemistry. (沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞) Because Mike likes chemistry.(不能表達(dá)完整意思),Exercises:,Traditionally, -in New England on Thanksgiving Day.(A) when served is sweet cider（蘋果酒）(B) when sweet cider is served(C) is

10、served sweet cider(D) sweet cider is served,答案：D,compound sentence （并列句）,有關(guān)并列連詞的知識(shí),關(guān)于平行結(jié)構(gòu),由連詞連接的多套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)并存，彼此之間相互沒(méi)有依存關(guān)系,并列連詞,1. 最典型的并列連詞有：and, but, or, so, yet, for 2. 固定搭配使用的并列連詞：not onlybut (also), not onlybut(as well), bothand, eitheror, neithernor, tooto, such()as the same.as, betweenand，as well a

11、s(注意和副詞as well相區(qū)別),(not) soas，as as, not so much A as B(與其說(shuō)A不如說(shuō)B)so/such a that,Exercise,Lillian D. Wald, public health nurse and -, was born in Cincinnati Ohio, in 1867.(A) reforming society(B) social reformer(C) who reformed society,答案：B,complex sentence （主從復(fù)合句）,主句和從句必須有連接詞銜接。連接詞可以在兩個(gè)句子中間，也可以放置于句首

12、 -主句+連接詞+從句 -連接詞+從句，主句 從句類型：,Gerunds（動(dòng)名詞）,As a Subject -Taking a walk is very good exercise. As a Complement -One of my favorite activities is surfing the Internet. As an Object -I enjoy watching movies in my spare time. *Note：介詞后面的動(dòng)詞必須以動(dòng)名詞形式出現(xiàn)，作介詞的賓語(yǔ),Exercise,改錯(cuò)： Microwave cooking can be accurately

13、 described as the first absolutely new method of prepare food since the discovery of fire. 解析：prepare-preparing; 介詞of后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)名詞形式，即of preparing. Most crickets (蟋蟀) have two pairs of fully developed winds, and mascular(肌肉的) hind legs (后腿) for jump. 解析：jump-jumping; 介詞for后面應(yīng)該接動(dòng)名詞形式.,Infinitives (不定式）,Li

14、ke a Noun The main purpose of traveling is to experience new things. Like an Adjective Peoples behavior has much to do with what clothes they wear. Like an Adverb In order to earn more money in the future, people try to get accepted to good schools.,Exercise:,A fuel is a substance used _light, heat, or energy. A. generating B. generates C. to generate D. it is generating 解析：C. 根據(jù)句意及結(jié)構(gòu)，選擇動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。,Classified Vocabulary,Science&Technology： 太空研究 智能機(jī)器 克隆技術(shù) 互聯(lián)網(wǎng) 電子書(shū)籍取代傳統(tǒng)書(shū)籍 計(jì)算