The semantic field正式稿

1、蔣維（素材）、羅婉琳（ppt)、劉后俊（演示）,Semantic Field,Definition,語義場理論（semantic field theory) The theory of the semantic field was developed in Europe in the 1930s,especially by Jost Trier.Semantic field theory took the view that the vocabulary of a given language is not simply a listing of independent item,but is

2、 organised into areas,or fields,witin which words interrelate and define each other in various ways. 德國Jost Trier 物理原術(shù)語 20世紀(jì)30年代 語義場又叫詞匯場 集合、聚集、組合 語義的類聚 共同語義特征,for example,animals elephant;horse;crocodile; girffe;lion;tiger,panda; swan;shark.,botanic chrysanthemum(菊花）; paddy（稻子）;wheat;rose; cosmos（波

3、斯菊）; palm trees(棕櫚樹） .,動物,植物,impossible,Classification,詞義的聚合關(guān)系： 同義關(guān)系的語義場(synonymy) beautiful-pretty die-pass away small-tiny big-huge 反義關(guān)系的語義場(antonymy) 可分級語反義詞（gradable antonyms） wide-narrow soft-hard big-small b. 互補(bǔ)反義詞（complementarity）：語義相互排斥，非此即彼 married-single present-absent die-live,Classificat

4、ion,c. 關(guān)系反義詞（關(guān)系反義詞） buy-sell , husband -wife , lend : borrow , rent : let 上下義關(guān)系(hyponymy) 上義詞(superordinate )：詞義被別的意思包含 下義詞(subordinate)：包含別的詞 organism animal fungi botanic fish,bird,insect,mammal mushroom grass,tree,flower,Classification,整體與部分關(guān)系(meronomy) Week Sunday, Monday. 二、詞義的組合關(guān)系 語流中各個語義成分通過前

5、后連接而形成的關(guān)系 “搭配”“You shall know a word by the company it keeps.” bite teeth blond hair Problemsolve bark dog scissors cut,Features, 聯(lián)系性(Relativty) apple;banana;peach(fruits) I like orange red;black;green(colors) Because each field is examined separately, polysemy is not an issue (as it is in semantic

6、feature analysis). Bachelor 1 : an unmarried man Bachelor 2:a graduate with a B.A. degree Bachelor 3 :a person who serves a knight Bachelor 4 :a sea animal Bachelor would be considered four different words and each defined within its own domain.,Features,母場,子場, 層次性(Hierarchy) 動物 鳥類、魚類、昆蟲類、兩棲類、哺乳類 豬、牛、馬.,week Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday.,Features, 民族性(nationalit