計算機專業(yè)英語.ppt

1、叢書主編 凌云 主編 許春勤 副主編 趙林娟 丁育萍,計算機專業(yè)英語 電子教案,高等職業(yè)教育計算機技術(shù)專業(yè)貫通制教材,UNIT 1 The Evolution of Computer,UNIT 2 Computer Application,UNIT 3 CPU,UNIT 4 Computer Memory System,UNIT 5 The Introduction to Motherboard,UNIT 6 Input/Output Devices,UNIT 7 How to select a personal computer,UNIT 8 The Code System,UNIT 9 A

2、SCII Code,UNIT 10 Boolean algebra and Set algebra,UNIT 11 Operating System,UNIT 12 The Introduction to Windows Vista,UNIT 13 Microsoft Office,UNIT 14 C Program Language,UNIT 15 What is object-oriented programming,UNIT 16 Overview of Database,UNIT 17 SQL Server 2000,UNIT 18 Multimedia,UNIT 19 Multime

3、dia Technology,UNIT 20 The Introduction to Computer Network,UNIT 21 LAN,UNIT 22 The Introduction to ISO/OIS,UNIT 23 Internet,UNIT 24 Domain Name,UNIT 25A new kind of malicious network software- Pharming,UNIT 26 Digital Wallets,UNIT 27 Electronic Commerce,UNIT 28 Computer Viruses,UNIT 29 The common m

4、ethods to deal with the viruses,UNIT 1 The Evolution of Computer,Object: 1What is computer? 2How many generations have the computers have? 3. What are the features of each generation?,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,1.1 What is computer?,A computer is a device that accepts information (in the for

5、m of digitalized data) and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. It can accept, store, and process data and produce output results.,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,1.2 The First Computer,The first digital computer ENIAC w

6、as invented in 1946. It contained 18,000 vacuum tubes and had a speed of several hundred multiplications per minute, but originally its program was wired into the processor and had to be manually altered. The invention of ENIAC marked the beginning of the first computer phase.,This is UNIT 1 Return

7、to main page,1.3 Computers Four Generations,computers have had four generations, which are characterized by vacuum tubes, transistors, small and medium scale IC and very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits respectively.,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,First generation computers,In 1950, the fi

8、rst generation computers, which used vacuum tubes came out. They were large, costly to buy, expensive to power and often unreliable. But they still made great contributions to computer science, such as the concepts of stored programs, random access.,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,Second generati

9、on computers,The use of the transistor in computers in the late 1950s marked the advent of smaller, faster, and more versatile logical elements than were possible with vacuum tube machines.,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,Third Generation Computers,Late in the 1960s, the integrated circuit, or IC

10、, was introduced, making it possible for many transistors to be fabricated on one silicon substrate, with interconnecting wires plated in place. The IC resulted in a further reduction in price, size, and failure rate. With IC, the computers work so quickly that they provide the capability to run mor

11、e than one program concurrently.,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,Fourth generation computers,The microprocessor became a reality in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the large scale integrated (LSI) circuit and, later, the very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuit (microchip), with many tho

12、usands of interconnected transistors etched into a single silicon substrate.,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,Key Words,ENIAC世界上第一臺計算機，由美國國防部研究開發(fā) digitalizev. 數(shù)字化 IC集成電路 LSI大規(guī)模集成電路 siliconn. 硅 VLSI超大規(guī)模集成電路,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,Phrases and Expressions,base on根據(jù)，基于 come out分解為 make con

13、tributions to為作貢獻 vacuum tube真空管，電子管,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,Exercises (1),1.Fill in the blanks according to the text A computer is a that accepts and manipulates it for some result based on a or sequence of on how the data is to be . It can 、 、 and data and output results. In fact, compu

14、ters have had generations, which are characterized by , , , and respectively The IC resulted in a further reduction in , , and .,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,Exercises (2),2.Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text: The computer can only accept and

15、 store data. The first digital computer ENIAC was invented in 1946. Computers have had three generations. With IC, the computers work so quickly that they provide the capability to run more than one program concurrently.,This is UNIT 1 Return to main page,UNIT 2 Computer Application,Object 1What can

16、 we do with the computer? 2What are the applications of the computer?,This is UNIT 2 Return to main page,Computer Application Our Good Friend,In the modern work, study and life, We always need our common good friend computer. We can use computer to draw up documents, manage data, design blueprints,

17、type papers and so on. Furthermore, the computer is the most obedient and diligent “house-keeper” or “servant” of us .,This is UNIT 2 Return to main page,Computer Application -Office Automation（AI）,The major functions of the OA system include text processing, electronic mail, information storage and

18、 retrieval, task management and etc. Today, there have been many OA systems: for example, desktop publishing, video conference and so on. So, many office workers can easily find the information they want through a personal computer sitting on his/her desk.,This is Unit 2 Return to main page,Computer

19、 Application -Artificial Intelligence,For many years, researchers have been exploring the way people think in hopes of creating a computer that thinks like a person. This is called Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI aims at producing a computer system that will be able to communicate with us by speech

20、 and hearing, and be capable of solving intelligent problems.,This is UNIT 2 Return to main page,Computer Application -Computer Aided Instruction,Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) is an educational concept that places the student in a conversation mode with a computer that has a preprogrammed study p

21、lan. CAI lessons are designed to meet instructional objectives, to adapt to the needs of individual learners, to be easily implemented in a specified educational environment, and to please learners and teachers.,This is Unit 2 Return to main page,Computer Application-Expert System,An expert system i

22、s a software system having some domain knowledge, which can solve some problems for people. Its performance depends on the facts and the rules that are fed into the computer. With expert system we can solve special problems of special domain, for example, in medicine, industry and so on. We can use

23、such a system instead of going to the real expert, so we can save money and time.,This is Unit 2 Return to main page,Computer Application -Entertainment,Entertainment consists of games, movies, songs and so on. You can play games at home through your personal computer, and search for or download you

24、r favorite movies or songs.,This is Unit 2 Return to main page,Key Words,AIArtificial Intelligence的縮寫，意為：人工智能 CAIComputer Aided Instruction的縮寫，意為：計算機輔助教學(xué) OAOffice Automation的縮寫，意為：辦公自動化,This is Unit 2 Return to main page,Exercises(1),1.Fill in the blanks according to the text The major functions of

25、the OA system include , electronic mail, information and retrieval, task and etc. For many years, have been exploring the way people think in hopes of creating a that thinks like a person. This is so called . Its performance depends on the and the that are fed into the computer. You can play games a

26、t home through your , and or download your favorite movies or songs.,This is Unit 2 Return to main page,Exercise(2),2.Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text: The computer is our good friend. An expert system is a software using in certain domain. AI me

27、ans that we using the computer like a person.,This is Unit 2 Return to main page,Unit 3 CPU,Objects: 1What is CPU? 2The component of CPU and the introduction of each component 3. The content of CPU,This is Unit 3 Return to main page,1. What is CPU?,Central Processing Unit (CPU): the brains of the PC

28、, where the data was processed. It is determinants about one computers performance and price. CPU internal structure can be divided into calculator, controller, memory and clock such major parts. But we usually say that CPU is composed of calculator and controller.,This is Unit 3 Return to main page

29、,2. The introduction of each component(1),(1) Calculator Calculator is the center of a computers data processing, mainly composed of ALU (arithmetic logic unit), General Register Group and Special Register.,This is Unit 3 Return to main page,2. The introduction of each component(2),(2) Controller Co

30、ntroller is not only necessary to ensure the correct implementation procedures, but should be able to handle unusual event. Controller generally includes Instruction Controller, Sequencer Controller, Bus Controller and Interrupt Controller.,This is Unit 3 Return to main page,3. The content of CPU,Fe

31、tch instruction: fetch an instruction from memory under a need for the implementation; Decode instruction: Decoding the instructions to determine the need to implement the operation; Fetch data: fetch data from memory or I / O port according to the instruction; Process data: do either arithmetic or

32、logic operation to the data according to the instruction; Store data: store the results and save them back to memory or I / O devices.,This is Unit 3 Return to main page,Key words,ALU (arithmetic logic unit) 算術(shù)邏輯部件 calculator n. 計算器，計算者 decode vt. 譯解（密碼） interrupt vt. vi. 阻斷，中斷 priority n. 先，優(yōu)先權(quán),Thi

33、s is Unit 3 Return to main page,Exercises(1),1.Fill in the blanks according to the text CPU is an acronym for . It is usually consists of and . ALU mainly is used to complete the , and various with the information. The content of CPU includes , , , and .,This is Unit 3 Return to main page,Exercises(

34、2),2.Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text: Whether a computer is powerful depends on its CPUs clock speed. Calculator is just to do the data processing, but how to do it is depends on the controller.,This is Unit 3 Return to main page,UNIT 4 Computer

35、 Memory System,Object 1What is computer memory system? 2Whatre internal memory and external memory, and the difference between them?,This is Unit 4 Return to main page,Various Computer Memory System,main memory in the internal CPU registers, and for the CU（Control Unit）control memory; Internal memor

36、y - can be directly accessed by the processor, sometimes referred to the primary memory. External memory data can be handled by the processor through I/O （Input/Output）System, also known as auxiliary memory, sometimes referred to secondary memory.,This is Unit 4 Return to main page,Primary Memory (1

37、),This is Unit 4 Return to main page,Primary Memory (2),（1）RAM (random access memory) RAM can also be written in or read out, but it can only be used for temporary data. It can be divided into two types: DRAM and SRAM. (2) ROM( Read only memory) the information has been solidified in the memory by m

38、anufacturers using mask technology, and it can only be read out, could not be rewritten.,This is Unit 4 Return to main page,Primary Memory (3),（3）PROM(programmable ROM) Programmable ROM, the user can write information in it by using some special electronic equipment, but just one time. （4）EPROM(eras

39、able PROM) PROM can be erased, the contents of which can be read out, can also be written in. However, in a write operation must be used before UV irradiation 15 -20 minutes to remove all the information, then some special electronic equipment to write in, It could be written many times. （5）EEPROM(e

40、lectrically EPROM) Can be erased PROM, EPROM similar, can read can also write. But the time required for read operations is less than the time required for write operation. （6）FM(flash memory) Flash memory is replacing traditional EPROM and EEPROM non-volatile memory.,This is Unit 4 Return to main p

41、age,Secondary Memory,Secondary memory used mainly for storage of the current use does not need the information immediately. Its biggest characteristics are the large capacity, high reliability and low price. There are mainly two kinds of it: magnetic and optical memory.,This is Unit 4 Return to main

42、 page,KEY WORDS,auxiliary adj. 輔助的 n. 輔助者，助手 beam n. 光線，無線電光速 vt. 發(fā)光，放光 buffer n.緩沖器，緩沖者 laser n. 激光 magnetic adj. 磁的，有磁性的， median adj. 中央的，中部的 ，（數(shù)）中位數(shù)，中線 memory n. 內(nèi)存，存儲器 optical adj. 光的，光學(xué)的 random n. 目標(biāo) adj. 任意的 register n. 記錄，寄存器 vi. vt. 記錄，登記,This is Unit 4 Return to main page,Exercises (1),1.Fi

43、ll in the blanks according to the text A small section of the main memory, which is used for holding permanently stored data and only allows read access by the CPU is called . ROM and RAM are the acronyms for and respectively. Main memory on the computer is used to store information (temporarily, pe

44、rmanently).,This is Unit 4 Return to main page,Exercises (2),2.Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text: RAM doesnt lose its contents when you turn off the computer. Compared with the main memory, the secondary memory has the following advantages: accura

45、te, inexpensive, high-capacity and non-volatile.,This is Unit 4 Return to main page,UNIT 5 The Introduction to motherboard,Object 1What is motherboard? 2The classification of motherboard 3Hardware that connected to the motherboard,This is Unit 5 Return to main page,Introduction,Main Board, also know

46、n as the motherboard, Plate System (System Board). It is installed in the chassis. It is also one of the most important components of a computer. Main Board is generally rectangular circuit board. If the CPU works as the brain of a computer, then the Main Board is the body of a computer.,This is Uni

47、t 5 Return to main page,The classification of motherboard(1),1.According to the CPU: 386 motherboard, 486 motherboard, Pentium(586)motherboard, High-energy Pentium (Pentium Pro, or 686) motherboard. Based on the CPU-board integration is the better choice.,This is Unit 5 Return to main page,The class

48、ification of motherboard(2),2. According to I / O Bus type: ISA: Industry Standard Architecture EISA: Extension Industry Standard Architecture MCA: Micro Channel Furthermore, in order to solve the bottleneck problem between the high-speed CPU and slow-speed peripherals, there were two local buses. T

49、hey are: VESA (Video Electronic Standards Association) and PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect).,This is Unit 5 Return to main page,The classification of motherboard(3),3. According to the structure AT : The IBM PC / A machine named first use, and some 486, 586 Main Board also adopted AT layout.

50、Baby AT: Baby AT was named because size of the main board is smaller than AT. Many of the original brand machine integration first used this structure. ATX: ATX improved AT motherboard,This is Unit 5 Return to main page,The classification of motherboard(4),4. The other classification PCB by the clas

51、sification process can be divided into a two-tier board structure, the four-storey structure plate, and a six-storey structure plate. Currently we use the four-storey structure plate.,This is Unit 5 Return to main page,Hardware that connected to the motherboard,Main Board is usually composed of a CP

52、U slot, an AGP slot, one CNR slot, five PCI slot, three DIMM slots, 2 IDE interface, a floppy drive interface, two serial port, one parallel port, a PS / 2 keyboard interface, PS 1 / 2 mouse interface, two USB interface, erasable BIOS control chip sets and other components.,This is Unit 5 Return to

53、main page,Key Words,architecture n. 建筑學(xué)，建筑風(fēng)格 bottleneck n. 瓶頸，障礙 chassis n. 機箱 integration n. 結(jié)合 ；（心）綜合，整合；（數(shù)）積分 layout n. 設(shè)計，布置 ，版面安排 peripheral adj. 外圍的，邊緣的，膚淺的；（計）外圍設(shè)備的 slot n. 槽溝，狹縫，位置 vt. 安置，放入狹縫 socket n. 承物的凹出，插座，孔 consist of 同be composed of ，表示由 組成,This is Unit 5 Return to main page,Exercise

54、s (1),1.Fill in the blanks according to the text Motherboard consists of many components, such as , , , , and so on. is responsible for the Main Board of external link any external interface cards, such as graphics, sound card and so on. BIOS is an acronym for .,This is Unit 5 Return to main page,Ex

55、ercises (2),2.Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text: You can attach a floppy disk cable directly to a IDE interface. Motherboard is the main circuit board containing the primary components of a computer system.,This is Unit 5 Return to main page,UNIT

56、6 Input/Output Devices,Object 1Input devices 2Output devices 3Some common terms about I/O devices,This is Unit 6 Return to main page,Input devices,Input device is a device which lets people or some external equipment interacting with a computer. Now the computer can receive a wide range of data, can

57、 be numerical data, can also be a variety of non - numerical data, such as graphics, images and so on.,This is Unit 6 Return to main page,The Categories of Input device,Characters imported equipment: keyboard; Optical reading device: optical mark reader, optical character reader; Graphics input devi

58、ce: mouse, joystick, light pen; Images imported equipment: camera, scanner, facsimile machine;,This is Unit 6 Return to main page,Output devices,Output device is a device for outputting data. It can output various data or information such as the number of characters, images, sound and other forms vo

59、iced. Common are monitors, printers, plotters, video output systems, voice output systems and so on. Monitor is an essential output device for each computer. It can be cathode ray tube (CRT) monitor, LCD or plasma monitor. We will introduce them in the reading material.,This is Unit 6 Return to main page,Some common terms about I/O devices(1