河北省中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)第二篇語(yǔ)法突破篇語(yǔ)法專題10非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞課件.pptx

1、語(yǔ)法專題（十）非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,PART TWO,第二篇 語(yǔ)法突破篇,【中考考點(diǎn)】 （1）動(dòng)詞不定式的用法。（2）動(dòng)名詞的用法。 （3）分詞的用法。,考點(diǎn)一動(dòng)詞不定式,構(gòu)成:to+動(dòng)詞原形（有時(shí)可省略to,to為不定式符號(hào)）;其否定形式為:not+to+動(dòng)詞原形。 1.作主語(yǔ) 常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而將真正的主語(yǔ)（動(dòng)詞不定式）置于句末。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu)為“Its+adj./n.（+for/of sb.）+to do sth.”。 To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary to ask the teacher for help. 向

2、老師尋求幫助是必要的。,2.作賓語(yǔ) （1）后接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: would like/want to do想要做 used to do過(guò)去常常做 agree to do同意做 hope/wish to do希望做 decide to do決定做 try to do盡力做 begin/start to do開(kāi)始做 expect to do期望做 refuse to do拒絕做 afford to do有能力做 learn to do學(xué)習(xí)做 plan to do計(jì)劃做 prefer to do更喜歡做 continue to do繼續(xù)做 promise to do承諾做 happen

3、to do碰巧做 manage to do設(shè)法做 prepare to do準(zhǔn)備做 I hope there before dark. 我希望天黑之前到那兒。,to get/arrive/reach,（2）在think, find, make等動(dòng)詞后通常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),而將不定式移至賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之后,構(gòu)成“主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+it（形式賓語(yǔ)）+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（形容詞/名詞）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。 I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難。,3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) （1）后接帶to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞: tell sb. to do 告訴某人做

4、ask sb. to do要求某人做 wish sb. to do希望某人做 invite sb. to do邀請(qǐng)某人做 want sb. to do想要某人做 teach sb. to do教某人做 allow sb. to do允許某人做 force sb. to do強(qiáng)迫某人做 expect sb. to do期望某人做 help sb. to do幫助某人做 advise sb. to do 建議某人做 persuade sb. to do 勸告某人做 lead sb. to do 帶領(lǐng)某人做 prefer sb. to do 寧愿某人做 encourage sb. to do 鼓勵(lì)某

5、人做 The teacher told us Exercise 1. 老師告訴我們做練習(xí)一。,to do,（2）一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞也用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。這時(shí)不定式要省略to。這些動(dòng)詞有:一感（feel）、二聽(tīng)（hear, listen to）、三讓（let, make, have）、四看（find, see, watch, notice）。但這些動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)的不定式必須加上to。,4.作狀語(yǔ) 常見(jiàn)的狀語(yǔ)有目的狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)等。 Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生將去杭州參觀西湖。（作目的狀語(yǔ)

6、） 5.作定語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),放在被修飾的名詞的后面。 I dont have a partner to practice English with. 我沒(méi)有一個(gè)一起練習(xí)英語(yǔ)的同伴。,6.作表語(yǔ) Their duty is the animals. 他們的職責(zé)是照看動(dòng)物。 7.“疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu) 動(dòng)詞不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑問(wèn)詞連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ),在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。 He doesnt know . 他不知道要穿什么。（作賓語(yǔ)）,to look after/take care of,what to wear,考

7、點(diǎn)二動(dòng)名詞,動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形+-ing”構(gòu)成,其與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動(dòng)名詞既有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì),也有名詞的性質(zhì)。 1.作主語(yǔ) Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.過(guò)度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻Α?注意 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ),在很多情況下可以通用。 2.作賓語(yǔ) 常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)有enjoy, finish, consider（考慮）, miss, keep, mind, practice, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help, avoid, be use

8、d to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stopfrom, look forward to, put off, have fun, have difficulty/trouble/problems （in）等。 Have you finished the book? 你讀完這本書了嗎?,reading,3.作表語(yǔ) The nurses job is the patients. 護(hù)士的工作是照顧病人。 4.作定語(yǔ) I often go to the . 我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。,lookin

9、g after/taking care of,reading room,考點(diǎn)三分詞,分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞兩種?，F(xiàn)在分詞（v.-ing）有主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行之意;過(guò)去分詞（v.-ed）有被動(dòng)、完成之意。 1.作定語(yǔ) China is a country. America is a country. 中國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家,美國(guó)是一個(gè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家。 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)叫李明的男孩。 2.作表語(yǔ) The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 這本書很有趣,我對(duì)它感興趣。,developing,develope

10、d,3.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) I saw her going upstairs. 我看見(jiàn)她正在上樓。 I want to have several photos taken. 我想拍幾張照片。 4.作狀語(yǔ) Talking and laughing, they went into the room. 他們有說(shuō)有笑地走進(jìn)了房間。,5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別 （1）在語(yǔ)態(tài)上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng),過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。 the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級(jí) the ruled class 被統(tǒng)治階級(jí) （2）在時(shí)間上,現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,過(guò)去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。 the rising sun 正在

11、升起的太陽(yáng) the risen sun 升高的太陽(yáng),.單項(xiàng)選擇 1.2015河北 Its important for us to know all the subjects. Yeah, group work is my favorite. A.how to study B.when to study C.which to studyD.what to study 2.2014河北 Dont forget thanks when other people help you. A.accept B.to accept C.say D.to say,1.A根據(jù)“group work”可知用how

12、to study,故選A。,A,D,3.2013河北 The children decide their schoolyard this Friday afternoon. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 4.2018內(nèi)江 Mr. Black, you are becoming healthier and healthier. Please keep on . A.ran B.to run C.runs D.running,4.Dkeep on doing sth.為固定用法,意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。,B,D,5.2018海南改編 The polic

13、eman warned the man after drinking. A.not to drive B.to drive C.driving D.not driving,5.A考查固定搭配。warn sb. (not) to do sth.意為“警告某人(不要)做某事”。根據(jù)常識(shí)酒后不能駕駛,所以此處應(yīng)該是warn sb. not to do sth.結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。,A,.英譯漢 1.In order not to be late for the competition, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning. 2.Its

14、 very dangerous for us to answer the mobile phone while crossing the street. 3.Everyone can do something good to protect the environment. 4.I dont know which dress to choose for my mother.,為了比賽不遲到,我的姐姐強(qiáng)迫她自己今天早上很早就起床了。,對(duì)于我們來(lái)說(shuō),在過(guò)馬路時(shí)接打手機(jī)非常危險(xiǎn)。,每個(gè)人都可以做點(diǎn)對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境有益的事情。,我不知道給母親選擇哪條長(zhǎng)裙。,5.Everyone is supposed to do what they can to deal with the