高中英語單項填空解題指導.ppt

1、如何在語境下做好單選題,單項選擇題解題指導,考查在特定語境下語言知識的運用能力, 即知識 能力。,語法和語言知識點 在語境中對語言意義的領(lǐng)悟、判斷與運用能力,高考英語單項選擇題命題趨勢:,對考生要求:,語境應是事情發(fā)生的環(huán)境，背景，來龍去脈以及前后關(guān)系, 應是語義、語法及語言運用的特定環(huán)境的結(jié)合。,何為“語境 (context)”？,If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.,dissent,如何在語境下做好單選題,一. 認真分析語境, 把握上下文所體現(xiàn)出的交際因素, 在特定的語境下得體的運用英語口語, 做好情景對話題.,No,

2、 Im afraid he isnt in. This is his secretary speaking. Can I help you? (2004 廣東) -_. A. Oh, you will. B. Oh, thats a pity. C. I should think so. D. Well, I look forward to hearing from you.,解析 第二人應針對第一個人最后說的是Can I help you? 做出反應. 所以回答應是I should think so. Should在此表示一種委婉的語氣. 注意不能誤選B。,C. I should think

3、 so.,2. Hello, may I have an appointment with the doctor? -_. A. Sorry, he is busy at the moment. B. Why didnt you call earlier? C. Certainly. May I know your name? D. Sorry, he isnt in.,解析本題應注意抓住語境中的關(guān)鍵信息, 即 have an appointment with the doctor, 而并不是想見醫(yī)生, 所以不能誤選 A或D。,C. Certainly. May I know your nam

4、e?,3. -Do you mind if I open the window? -_. I feel a bit cold.(2004廣東) A. Of course not. B. Id rather you didnt. C. Go ahead D. Why not.,解析本題要注意Do you mind if的回答方式. A、C 、D都是表示同意對方提議， 而I feel a bit cold暗示答話人不同意開窗。,B. Id rather you didnt.,4. Im thinking of the test tomorrow. Im afraid I cant pass thi

5、s time. - _! Im sure youll make it. (2006 天津) A. Go aheadB. Good luck C. No problemD. Cheer up,解析 注意應針對第一人所說的Im afraid I cant pass this time而作出反應, 所以應用Cheer up (高興一點). 而AB均答非所問, no problem: “沒問題”,有些接近中文式的表達。,D. Cheer up,Key: 英漢兩種語言在表達上存在很大的差異，平時應注意對二者進行分析、比較，而不是用漢語的習慣思維方式去認識和解決英語中的一些問題。要求我們不僅要具備牢固的基

6、礎知識，更要有應變能力,在做題時要認真分析語境,充分理解試題題干內(nèi)涵，避免答非所問，切記要撇棄中文思維模式，注重文化差異。,二. 仔細推敲揣摩上下文語境中所隱含的時間因素, 做好時態(tài)、非謂語動詞及情態(tài)動詞的相關(guān)單選題。,1. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet.(2004 北京) A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider,解析根據(jù)句中出現(xiàn)的she

7、 hasnt decided yet可知說話者在說現(xiàn)在的情況, 且根據(jù)還沒決定這種情況推出現(xiàn)仍在考慮, 強調(diào)動作還未完成, 所以用現(xiàn)在完成進行時.,B. has been considering,2. - Sorry to interrupt you. Please go on. - Where was I? - You _ you didnt like your fathers job. (2004北京) A. had said B. said C. were sayingD. had been saying,解析根據(jù)語境, 可知第二個人告知:當我打斷你講話的時候，你正在講“不喜歡你爸爸的工

8、作” ,表示過去某一時刻正發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，用過去進行式。,C. were saying,3. John, a friend of mine got married and spent $3,000 more than he _ for the wedding.(2006全國II) A. will planB. has planned C. would planD. had planned,解析句中的married和spent用的是過去時態(tài), 原計劃應是過去的過去, 所以用過去完成時。,D. had planned,4. Robert is said_ abroad, but I don

9、t know what country he studied in. (1999 全國卷) A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,解析根據(jù)what country he studied in的語境信息，可知“Robert出國學習發(fā)生在過去”，唯A 項動詞不定式的完成式正確。,A. to have studied,解析 根據(jù)語境可知經(jīng)理表明不同意應在left之前, A 用非限制定語從句雖合適, 但其完成時態(tài)和其后的left時態(tài)搭配不當, D 的making 應表示與left動作同時發(fā)生,

10、 所以選用分詞的完成形式。,5. The manager, _ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us, left the meeting room. (2005 江西) A. who has madeB. having made C. madeD. making,B. having made,6. Is Bob still performing? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage as he has become an official. (2005 江蘇) A. to have leftB. to

11、leave C. to have been leftD. to be left,解析根據(jù)前面語境中提到的“他現(xiàn)在不再表演了”和后面的“他已成為一個公務員”, 可知他已經(jīng)離開了舞臺, 所以用不定式的完成時。,A. to have left,7. Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you. -Thanks. You _it. I could manage it myself. (2005福建) A. neednt doB. neednt have done C. mustnt doD. shouldnt have done,解析根據(jù)語境可知, Cathe

12、rine 為對方打掃了房間而表示感謝并提出對方本不必為其打掃. 很顯然打掃房間是過去所為, 表達“過去不必做某事”, 用B。,B. neednt have done,Key: 搜索句中相關(guān)的時間信息, 確定上下文說的是什么時候的事情或情況。 確定動詞處于什么狀態(tài), 是完成了, 還是未完成。 確定動詞與主語的關(guān)系, 是主動還是被動。,三. 抓住語境中的有效信息，通過對比、比較、推理、判斷等方法，以及對事物、行為發(fā)展進程合乎邏輯的想象, 準確做好短語、詞類等的語義辯析題。,解析 容易抓住空格前面的got而選擇C：get lost (迷路), 實際上get done此處可換成be done。根據(jù)語境

13、：當我們加入人群時，我和我的朋友分開了, 而不是迷路, 所以只能選A。,1. As we joined the big crowd, I got _ from my friends. (NMET2001) A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed,A. separated,2. The environmentalists said wild goats _ on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment. (2004上海) A. escapeB. absence

14、 C. attendanceD. appearance,解析 答案B在沒有抓住所有信息時, 很容易錯選。但是根據(jù)后面的a good indication of the better environment 信息，從其邏輯關(guān)系入手進行判斷，D是唯一正確的答案。,D. appearance,3. My sister was against my suggestion while my brother was _ it. A. in favor ofB. in memory of C. in honor ofD. in search of,解析根據(jù)while所表示的對比關(guān)系, 可知我妹妹反對我的計劃

15、, 而我的各個必定是贊成. in favor of 贊成; in memory of紀念; in honor of為向表示敬意; in search of 尋找。,A. in favor of,4. It is said that dogs will keep you _ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. A. safety B. companyC. houseD. friend,解析注意不能錯選成A或C. 根據(jù)后面的時間狀語when you are feeling lonely可判斷出you需要陪伴. Keep sb.

16、company和人做伴。,B. company,5. Progress so far has been very good. _, we are sure that the project will be completed on time. (2006 浙江) A. HoweverB. Otherwise C. ThereforeD. Besides,解析從前面的語境“目前為止, 一切進展正常”, 到后面的“我確信工程會按時完成”, 應是一種因果關(guān)系, 所以選擇therefore。,C. Therefore,6. All the people _ at the party were his

17、supporters. A. presentB. thankful C. interestedD. important,解析 present此處作形容詞, 意思是“在場的”, 常作后置定語. 根據(jù)上下文語境, 本句意思為“參加聚會的人都是他的支持者”。,A. present,Key: 在做詞義辨析的題目中, 考生不僅要加強對詞義和用法的記憶, 而且要結(jié)合語境, 在運用中領(lǐng)悟詞義;既要記漢語釋義, 又要了解英語釋義.需要把握語言的特定環(huán)境對題干準確理解，使詞匯和短語的辯析突出語言的交際性原則。,語境設題常設有一些干擾項,設計巧妙而且迷惑性強, 在做語境單選題時, 要注意以下幾個方面的干擾。 一.

18、 固定結(jié)構(gòu)的干擾 二. 意義理解及中文表達的干擾 三. 省略的干擾,1. I will spend a whole evening _ in your room waiting for the thief to arrive. A. lockingB. in locking C. being lockedD. locked,解析容易誤認為是考查spend some time (in) doing sth結(jié)構(gòu)而選A，忽視了waiting for這一部分。結(jié)合上下文, 應選D。 locked in your room在句子里作方式狀語，“（我）被鎖在你的房間里等侯”。,D. locked,2. J

19、enny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, _ this was a memory she especially treasured. (06廣東卷) A. as B. ifC. whenD. where,解析 易將其看成是非限定性定語從句而錯選D, 但認真分析語境, 可知答案為A, 意思為“因為”。句意為:Jenny對她在加拿大照的照片的丟失很傷心, 因為那段經(jīng)歷是她特別珍惜的。,A. as,3. The country life he was used to _ greatly since 19

20、92. (2005山東卷) A.change B.has changed C.changingD.have changed,解析易受he was used to的影響而誤選C。分析語境和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知, he was used to為定語從句，修飾先行詞the country life。此空格應填謂語動詞。,B.has changed,Key: 這些試題設計的“陷阱”比較隱蔽，初步閱讀時,似曾相識的題干易使考生受思維定勢影響而迅速做出錯誤判斷。 需要我們語境, 層層推斷; 要做到句意通順、符合情理，切勿只因某些局部固定搭配而上當誤選。,1. Happy birthday, Alice! So y

21、ou have _ twenty-one already ! (2004天津卷) A. become B. turned C. grown D. passed,解析 turn此處表示已達到年齡或時間. 學生很容易根據(jù)中文的表達將grow理解為“長到”或pass理解為“超過”而錯選。,B. turned,2. - Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now. - OK. _. (NMET 2004 I) A. Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you,解析客人要走，主人表示同意。地道的表達應當是“See you”。Go slowly（慢走）和Stay longer（再呆會兒）為中文口語中的習慣用語，故應排除。,D. See you,3. Mr. Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up. A. seriouslyB. heavily C. badlyD. hardly,解析正確的答案是 smoke heavily表示 抽煙很兇, a heavy smoker 煙鬼. 有的考生易根據(jù)中文表達選擇 seriously 或 badly。,B. heavily,Key: 英漢在表達習慣、思維方式等方面具有很多不同，命題者常利用漢