M7U1Grammar.ppt

1、高 二 英 語,Module 7 Unit 1 Grammar Prepositions,Usage of prepositions: 1 Used before a noun or a noun phrase to express time, place, movement etc. 2 Used before a verb in the ing form.,Prepositions:,介詞是一種虛詞，又稱前置詞。 介詞一般不單獨(dú)使用，后面常跟名詞或名詞短語，動名詞。,介詞:,e.g. In the case of learning English, we must speak as muc

2、h as possible. 就英語學(xué)習(xí)來說，我們應(yīng)該多說英語。 e.g. Youd better take an umbrella in case of rain. 你最好帶傘以防萬一下雨。,1 Prepositions of time:,Prepositions like at, in, on, for, by and since can be used to express time. Others of time include during, after, before, between, from, until, etc.,e.g. At that time, the record

3、 player had to be wound up by hand. By 1967,most TV broadcasts were in colour.,at 12:00 at noon at night /at midnight at dawn at daybreak at Christmas/ New Year/ the Spring Festival,Tips: （1）指時(shí)間的時(shí)刻，或指某個(gè)節(jié)日用_,at,on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day,（2）指具體的某一天 或某一天的早上，下午或晚上，用_,on the eve of

4、victory on the morning of Jan.3rd, on the afternoon of his arrival,on,（3） by,He must have arrived there by now. Well have finished the work by 10:00. By 1967, most TV broadcasts were in color. Finish it by Friday. I will be here by 5 oclock. Can you finish the work by tomorrow? He worked by night an

5、d slept by day.,=not later than,(4). 以下短語 前通常不用任何介詞,e.g. this week next month last year,At, in and on can be used as prepositions of place. Other prepositions of place include above, against, behind, between, by, near, opposite, under, etc.,2 Prepositions of place:,e.g. Cable TV began in 1948 in the

6、 USA, but it took 50 years before 66 per cent of USA families had it in their homes. This new type of TV can be hung on the wall.,Tips: 小地方一般用_ Ill meet you at the department store. My grandfather lived at 105 Beijing Road.,at,3 Prepositions of movement:,The prepositions to is often used to show mov

7、ement, meaning in the direction of. Other prepositions of movement include across, along, down, into, off, over, out of, past, around, through, under, up, after, before, between, from, until, etc.,in,on,above,over,beneath,under,0,below,beside,圖解方位/運(yùn)動介詞,across,across,around,around,through,圖解方位/運(yùn)動介詞,i

8、n,out of,from,towards,to,down,up,into,圖解方位/運(yùn)動介詞,past,over,across,through,Eg. 1.The invention of the transistor led _ the development of cassette recorders.,to,2. When autumn comes, many leaves fall _ the tree.,off,短語辨析： to the +方位詞+ of +不接壤的地區(qū)。 Japan is to the east of China. East of China lies Japan

9、. on the +方位詞+ of +接壤的地區(qū)。 The Pacific is on the east of China. in the +方位詞+ of +身居其中的大地區(qū)。 Shanghai is in the east of China.,高 二 英 語,Answers(P8): (1) for (2) at (3) until (4) by (5) during (6) to,Prepositional Phrases：,Words used with prepositions: run into by hand concerned about hear from in return

10、 different from stand for in fact cautious about,Prepositions can be combined with verbs, nouns and adjectives to form prepositional phrases,With Verbs：,Many prepositions are combined with verbs to form prepositional verbs, e. g: agree with, look for, look into, head for and stand for, etc. 1) The s

11、hip set sail and headed for Shanghai. 2) MD stands for MiniDisc.,With Nouns：,Prepositions can also be combined with nouns, e. g: in time for, by means of, by accident/mistake, for/on sale, on the market, in that case and up to date, etc. 1) When will the new model be on sale? 2) This technology is q

12、uite up to date.,With Adjectives：,Some prepositions are also combined with adjectives, e.g.: good at, capable of, fond of, satisfied/happy with, etc. 1) The program is capable of calculating our budget for the year. 2) I am fond of watching black-and- white films.,高 二 英 語,Answers(P9): (1) on sale up

13、 to date (3) capable of (4) stands for (5) satisfied with (6) on the market (7) In that case (8) In time for (9) up to (10) agree with,1. _ when has the country been open to international trade? 1978, I suppose. (陜西 2007) A. Since B. In C. From D. After 從上下文語境可以看出：when替代的是 數(shù)字1978。句子時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，只 有since

14、 +過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)才能用于現(xiàn)在 完成時(shí)，故A項(xiàng)為正確選項(xiàng)。,A,2. _ the silence of the pauses, we could hear each others breathing and could almost hear our own heartbeats. (湖南 2007) A. In B. For C. Under D. Between in the silence of the pauses在短暫的沉默 中。句意為：我們在短暫的沉默中能聽 到對方的呼吸，甚至能聽到自己的心 跳。,A,3. Experts have been warning _ of the he

15、alth risks caused by passive smoking. (江西2007) A. at a time B. at one time C. for some timeD. for the time at a time一次；at one time曾經(jīng)；for some time一段時(shí)間。由現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行 時(shí)形式have been warning 可知用“for + 時(shí)間段”。,C,4. Some students often listen to music _ classes to refresh themselves(四川 2007) A. betweenB. among C.

16、over D. during between用于兩者之間，也可指多個(gè)事 物中的兩者之間；among用于三者或三 者之上；over經(jīng)過了一段時(shí)間；during 在某段時(shí)間之內(nèi)?！罢n間”是指兩節(jié)課之 間，因此用between。,A,Exercises,Heilongjiang Province is _ north of Liaoning. Harbin, its capital city, lies _ the Songhuajiang River. A. to; on B. in; in C. /; on D. to; in,C,2. To fully understand the write

17、r, we must read not only between the lines, but sometimes _ the lines. A. within B. beyond C. beside D. among,B,3. Although Tom agreed with her on most points, here was one _ which he was unwilling to give in. A. on B. in C. to D. with,C,4. As we all know, several primary schools and factories were

18、named _ the hero. A. from B. at C. after D. to,C,5. _ what the weather is like, the athletic meeting will be held on time. A. In contrast with B. In relation to C. On behalf of D. Regardless of,D,6. Mr. Johnson starts to work very early in the morning and goes on working until late in the afternoon

19、_ a break at midday. A. with B. for C. as D. through,A,7. The two sportsmen congratulated each other _ winning the match by shaking hands.A. with B. on C. in D. to,B,8. -When did you last hear _Jay? -He phoned me this morning, and we agreed_ a time and place meet. of, to B. about, with C. from, with

20、 D. from, on,D,9.Lets learn to use the problem we are facing a stepping-stone to future success. A. to B. for C. as D. by,C,10. A great person is always putting others interests _ his own. A. below B. above C. in D. on,B,11He invited me to a dance after the show_ Christmas Eve. Aat Bon Cin Dby,A,12.

21、 Jenny nearly missed the flight doing too much shopping. as a result of B. on top of C. in front of D. in need of,A,Language Points:,in this/that case 在這種/那種情況下 in the case of 至于；就來說 in case 以便；以免；以防 in case of 如果；萬一；以免；以防,capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的;有技能的 be capable of 有能力的；可以；做得出 e.g. Some airplanes are

22、 capable of going 800 kilometers an hour. e.g. Tom is quite capable of neglecting his duty.,able 和capable 這兩個(gè)詞都是形容詞，都有“能夠”、“能干”之意，但含義和使用場合不同。 1. 作定語表示“能干”時(shí)，able指某人聰明能干，有多才多藝的含義；而capable僅指具有應(yīng)付某一工作要求的能力。如： She is an able teacher. 她是個(gè)能干的教師。 She is a capable teacher. 她是個(gè)能勝任工作的教師。,2. able指“能夠”，是一時(shí)之現(xiàn)象；capable常指“能力”，是經(jīng)常的現(xiàn)象。如： I shall not be able to come to the office tomorrow. 明天我不能到辦公室來(由于某種原因暫時(shí)不能來)。 She is incapable of manual labor. 她不能從事體力勞動(由于某種長期或經(jīng)常的原因，如患病等)。,3. 指某人能做某事時(shí)，able之后接不定式，c