some key notes in tests.ppt

1、Some Key Concepts,Measurement 測(cè)量 quantify characteristics of a person (both physical and mental), like height, motivation, attitude involve both tests and non-tests,Some Key Concepts,Test 測(cè)試 a procedure designed to obtain a specific sample of an individuals behavior a measurement instrument,Some Key

2、 Concepts,Evaluation 評(píng)估 systematic gathering of information for decision making quantitative: like scores qualitative: recommendation letter,Approaches to/Historical Development of language testing,I. the essay-translation approach (pre-scientific/traditional stage) also called grammar-translation a

3、pproach No special skill or expertise in testing is required, based on teachers experience and intuition.,Approaches to/Historical Development of language testing,Subjective test method Test format: essay writing, translation, grammatical analysis,Approaches to/Historical Development of language tes

4、ting,II. the structuralist-psychometric approach (modern stage) Early 1950s to late 1960s,Approaches to/Historical Development of language testing,Statistical considerations: reliability, objectivity Test formats: MCQ: assess one point at a time Each MCQ is independent of each other.,Approaches to/H

5、istorical Development of language testing,Problems -The assumption that knowledge of the elements of a language is equal to knowledge of that language -Test reliability is pursued at the cost of other desirable test qualities like validity.,Approaches to/Historical Development of language testing,II

6、I. the integrative approach 1970s early 1980s Test of language in context Test format: dictation, cloze, Translation, Oral interviews, Composition writing (p. 16-18),Approaches to/Historical Development of language testing,IV.the communicative approach 1980s now Test format: real life tasks, aims to

7、 incorporate tasks which approximate as closely as possible to those facing students in real life.,Approaches to/Historical Development of language testing,Key features p. 19-21,Types of Language Tests,I. Based on the purpose of the test 1. Achievement test 學(xué)業(yè)/成就測(cè)試 Achievement: the mastery of what h

8、as been learnt, what has been taught or what is in the syllabus, textbook, materials, etc.,Types of Language Tests,An achievement test is an instrument designed to ensure what a person has learnt within or up to a given time. It is based on a clear and public indication of the instruction that has b

9、een given.,Types of Language Tests,The content of achievement tests is a sample of what has been in the syllabus. e.g. end-of-year tests, school-leaving exams, public tests,Types of Language Tests,2. placement test 分級(jí)測(cè)試 sort new students into teaching groups so that they are approx. the same level a

10、s others when they start Place students into different classes,Types of Language Tests,Content: course objective-related,Types of Language Tests,3. Proficiency test 水平測(cè)試 a test which measures how much of a language someone has learnt. general measure of “l(fā)anguage ability”,Types of Language tests,Unl

11、ike an achievement test, a proficiency test is not based on a particular course of instruction. For selection purpose, aims to establish a test takers readiness for a particular communicative role,Types of Language Tests,rarely take into account the syllabus that students have followed,Types of Lang

12、uage Tests,4. Diagnostic test 診斷測(cè)試 concerns the past to check students progress, identify weakness provide feedback to teachers: is there a need to start remedial program?,Types of Language Tests,5. (scholastic) aptitude test 學(xué)能測(cè)試 measure students probable performance e.g. SAT (Scholastic Aptitude T

13、est) aims to measure intellectual ability. mathematics and English,Types of Language Tests,2. Integrative test 綜合性測(cè)試 A test in which learners are required to combine various skills in answering test items as opposed to a discrete-point test.,Types of Language Tests,Writing, dictation (spelling, voca

14、bulary, grammar, listening skill), cloze,Types of Language Tests,Direct tests are most likely integrative tests.,Types of Language Tests,V. Based on the scoring method 1. objective test 客觀測(cè)試 a test where correct responses are clearly specified, and whose scoring requires no human judgment E.g?,Types

15、 of Language Tests,Adv. : allow for machine reading,Types of Language Tests,2. subjective test 主觀測(cè)試 a test with reference answers A lot of human interpretation of the reference answer is needed in scoring,Types of Language Tests,It is a matter of degree/a continuum. A writing test is highly subjecti

16、ve. Dictation, however, is more objective than writing but less objective than sentence combination, which is less objective than MCQ.,Types of Language Tests,VI. Based on the time allowed 1. speeded test 速度測(cè)試 the time limit is set so that almost no one can finish all the items or tasks making up the test E.g?,Types of Language Tests,2. power test 難度測(cè)試 a test in which items are usually arranged in order of incre