高一英語重點(diǎn)語法課件2.ppt

1、高中英語 被動(dòng)語態(tài)的復(fù)習(xí),語態(tài)(voice)是個(gè)語法范疇，它是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示動(dòng)詞的主語與該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果主語是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語態(tài)（Passive Voice）。,We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。 The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。,一、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定義：,動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，原來的賓語變成了主語，原

2、來的主語變成了介詞by 的賓語。主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。,二、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般結(jié)構(gòu)：,即：be+ done (+ by),(五),在被動(dòng)句中有時(shí)用by- 詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重要或難以說出時(shí)，通常不用by。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要?jiǎng)t必須使用 by 詞組。例如：,Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特是莎士比亞寫的。 The task has been finished. 任務(wù)已經(jīng)完成了。,結(jié)構(gòu)： be+ done (+ by),被 動(dòng) 語 態(tài) 的

3、使 用 1.當(dāng)不知道或沒有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，這時(shí)往往不用by 短語。 “Mr. White, the cup was broken after class. ” 2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，如果需要說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用by 短語。 These records were made by John Denver. The cup was broken by Paul. 3.當(dāng)漢語句子的主語既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in + 名詞作狀語，而代替 by 短語。 These cars were made in China. 15, 000 cars will

4、be produced each year in the new factory.,被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)的變化 主要體現(xiàn)在be的變化上，其形式與系動(dòng)詞be的變化形式完全一樣。以 do 為例，列表如下： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： 一般過去時(shí)： 一般將來時(shí)： 一般過去將來時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： 過去完成時(shí)： 將來完成時(shí)： 過去將來完成時(shí)：,am / is / are + done was / were + done shall / will + be done should / would + be done am / is / are + being + done was / w

5、ere + being + done have / has + been + done had + been + done shall / will + have been + done should / would + have been + done,(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesnt allow us to enter the chemistry

6、lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher.,(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 2. 一般過去時(shí)： (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didnt forget his lessons easily. His lessons

7、were not easily forgotten.,(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 3. 一般將來時(shí)： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers.,(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 4. 過去將來時(shí)： (1)The manager said they would complete the proj

8、ect by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.,(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 5. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： (1)The radio is broadcasting Engli

9、sh lessons. English lessons are being broadcasted on the radio. (2) We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted.,(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 6. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)： (1)The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended. (2)This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here th

10、is time last year.,(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 7. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： (1)Someone has told me the sports meeting might be put off. I have been told the sports meeting might be put off. (2)He has brought his book here. His book has been brought here.,(三)常見的八種時(shí)態(tài)中的被動(dòng)語態(tài) 8. 過去完成時(shí)： (1)When I got to the theatre, I found they had a

11、lready sold out the tickets. (2) The whole country was very sad at the news of his death; People had considered him to be a great leader.,When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out.,He had been considered to be a great leader.,(四） 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)： 含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+ 及物

12、動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 (1)You must hand in your compositions after class. (2)He can write a great many letters with the computer.,Your compositions must be handed in after class.,A great many letters can be written with the computer by him.,People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人講英語。,English is

13、 spoken almost all over the world.,1含有單賓語的句子轉(zhuǎn)換：,四、 主動(dòng)變被動(dòng)中的幾個(gè)問題：,People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家認(rèn)為他是個(gè)誠實(shí)的孩子。,It is believed that he is an honest boy.,The boy is believed to be an honest one.,方法1) 把賓語從句里的主語變成被動(dòng)句的主語，同時(shí)把賓語從句中的謂語變成不定式短語。,方法2) 用先行的it作形式主語，把賓語從句變成后置的主語從句；,另：當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的賓語是that引導(dǎo)的賓語從 句，

14、可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動(dòng)句。,練習(xí)： We all think that we could win the game.,we are thought to win the game.,It is thought that we could win the game.,類似結(jié)構(gòu) 據(jù)說It is said that 據(jù)報(bào)導(dǎo)It is reported that 據(jù)推測(cè)It is supposed that 希望It is hoped that 眾所周知It is well known that 普遍認(rèn)為It is generally considered that 有人建議It is suggest

15、ed that ,2.含有雙賓語的主動(dòng)句的轉(zhuǎn)換,I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我給了史密斯先生一本書。,The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).,Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).,注意：1.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 (1) The

16、 book was showed to the class. (2) My bike was lent to her. 2.一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 for, 如： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 (1) A new skirt was made for me. (2) The meat was cooked for us. (3) Some country music was played for us.,3. 含有動(dòng)詞

17、短語的句子轉(zhuǎn)換。,They have never listened to him.,人家從不聽他的話。,He has never been listened to.,練習(xí)： They take good care of the baby.,The baby is taken good care of by them.,注意：含動(dòng)詞詞組的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，須將其看作一 個(gè)整體，不可把它們分隔開來。,He made me do the work.,I was made to do the work by him.,4. 主動(dòng)句中動(dòng)詞不帶to, 但在被動(dòng)句中帶to的幾種情況：,練習(xí)：, we heard h

18、im say good-bye to his friends.,He was heard to say good-bye to his friends.,注意： see, watch, observe, notice, look at, listen to , hear , make, feel等詞 在主動(dòng)句中動(dòng)詞不帶to, 但在被動(dòng)句中要帶to,5. 當(dāng)主動(dòng)句的主語是nobody, no one等含有否定意義的不定代詞時(shí)，被動(dòng)句中將其變?yōu)閍nybody, 作by的賓語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如： Nobody can answer this question. 誤：The ques

19、tion can be answered by nobody. 正：The question can not be answered by anybody.,6. 當(dāng)否定句中的賓語是anything, anybody, anyone等不定代詞時(shí)，在被動(dòng)句中應(yīng)將其分別變?yōu)閚othing, nobody, no one作主語，并將謂語動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榭隙ǖ谋粍?dòng)語態(tài)。如： They havent done anything to make the river clean. 誤：Anything hasnt been done to make the river clean. 正：Nothing has be

20、en done to make the river clean.,7. 以who為主語開頭的疑問句，變被動(dòng)時(shí)，用by whom放在句首： Who wrote the story? 誤：Who was the story written? 正：By whom was the story written?,Get + pp get hurt get lost get paid get changed get dressed get married get burnt get started,五、主動(dòng)形式也可以表示被動(dòng)意義的幾種情況：,1、主語是物，謂語是表示主語特征或?qū)傩缘膭?dòng)詞。常見的這類動(dòng)詞有w

21、rite, read, wear, wash, clean, sell, run等。這些動(dòng)詞常與副詞連用。例如：,The machine runs well. This pen writes quite smoothly. This kind of book sells well.,一些與cant(不能)或wont(不會(huì))連用的動(dòng)詞。常用的有: lock(鎖住), shut(關(guān)上) , open(打開), act(上演), write(寫)，cut(砍，切)，wear(穿，戴)等,用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。 例如: The door wont open.這門打不開。 It cant mo

22、ve.它不能動(dòng)。,2、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動(dòng)詞：look, feel, smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。例如：,Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt,C,Your idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct.,3. be worth 后接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)式表示被動(dòng)意義。,His suggestion is not worth considering

23、.,4. 在need, require, want(需要)等動(dòng)詞后，表示某物(人)要進(jìn)行處理時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞一般式的主動(dòng)形式作賓語表示被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動(dòng)式。例如：,Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improved,C,五、動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,1. 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定

24、式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)。例如：,The next train to arrive was from New York. Yang is the first Chinese to travel in space .,2. 作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且句子中有動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。,Please give me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today.,(間接賓語me是to eat的邏輯主語),(主語I是to do的邏輯主語),注意：“- Do you have anything to be typed ?” Ask

25、ed the secretary .,3. 用在作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后面的不定式，如果與句子的主語或賓語有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，一般用主動(dòng)形式。 主語 is adj to do .,His speech in English was difficult to follow. Do you think him easy to get along with?,Who is to blame for starting the fire? 這場(chǎng)火災(zāi)應(yīng)由誰負(fù)責(zé)? The house is to let.此房出租,不定式特殊搭配,第一，感官系動(dòng)詞和聯(lián)系動(dòng)詞一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，如：feel， look,

26、 seem, appear , taste, sound, remain, stay , keep , become, grow, get , turn , go ,prove , turn out 等。 Do you like the material? Yes, it feels very soft. 誤：It is felt very soft. 誤：The food is tasted delicious. 誤：The pop music is sounded beautiful.,下列情況不能被動(dòng),第二，謂語是某些及物動(dòng)詞leave離開, enter, reach, suit, ha

27、ve, benefit, lack, belong to ，consist of, add up to, lose heart 等。如： 誤：The room was entered and his book was got. She had her hand burned. 誤：Her hand was had burned.,第三 不及物動(dòng)詞和短語不用被動(dòng)。 發(fā)生： happen , occur , take place , come about , break out . appear / disappear rise / go up fall / go down exist lie r

28、un out / give out,第四，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，同源賓語，不定式，v-ing形式及抽象名詞等，不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句子的主語，如： I taught myself English. 誤：Myself was taught English. We love each other. 誤：Each other is loved.,同源賓語 ： 少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞后面能跟一個(gè)特定的名詞作賓語，這個(gè)名詞和前面的動(dòng)詞在詞根上是相同的或者在意義上是相近的，這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。如： I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一個(gè)惡夢(mèng)。 二、用法：

29、1.常見的能帶同源賓語的動(dòng)詞有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。斗爭，打了一個(gè)漂亮仗。,a. I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一個(gè)惡夢(mèng)。 b. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 去年八月份，我們的戰(zhàn)士與洪水作,高考直擊：,1.An exhibition of paintings _ at the museum next w

30、eek Aare to be held B. is to be held C. are holding Dwill hold 2. Every possible means _, but none _ successful A. has tried; has proved Btried; proves C. has been tried; proves D. is being tried; is proved 3.The question he asked is hard _ A. for answer B. to answer C. to be answered D. answering,B

31、,C,B,4By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been complete D. had been completed 5More than a dozen students in that school abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C. had sent D. had been sent,D,B,6.Why did yo

32、u leave that position? I a better position at IBM. A. offer B. offered C. am offered D. was offered 7. More patients in hospital this year than last year. A. treated B. have treated C. had been treated D. have been treated 8. Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you wouldnt have time to before the party. A. g

33、et changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to change,D,D,A,9. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the future. A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut 10. After a fire broke out in the lab, a lot of equipment. A. is damaged B. had been dam

34、aged C. damaged D. was damaged,C,D,11.The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics by 2006. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed 12. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. A. is to blame B. is doing

35、 to blame C. is to be blame D. should blame 13.Great changes _in the city ,and a lot of factories_. A. have been taken placehave been set up B. have taken placehave been set up C. have taken placehave set up D. were taken placewere set up,C,A,B,14.Do you like the material? Yes, it_ very soft. A. is

36、feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt 15. The Olympic Games, _in 776 BC ,did not include women players until 1912 A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing,C,C,16.There are many good films played by Chen Long that are worth _. A. to be seen B. being seen C. seeing D. to see 17.The food _ easily and sells_. A. cooks ; well B. is cooking; good C. is cooked; well D. cooked; good 18. The windows of the building cant _., A. be closed B. clos