冶金工程專業(yè)英語翻譯

1、例： British and American metallurgists arrived on the patent office doorstep at about the same time in 1948 with their processes for manufacturing a new form of cast iron called ductile iron, a marvelous product that could be made using most of the available equipment and technology of the gray iron

2、foundry and had some special physical and economic advantages setting it apart from gray and malleable irons and forged or cast steels.,冶金學(xué)家,球墨鑄鐵,可鍛鑄鐵,例：,例： A、根據(jù)詞類，辨明詞義 1、Aluminium is a light metal. 2、The foundry produces light castings. 3、Light cannot pass through opaque object. 4、The beacon lighte

3、d the plane to a safe landing. B、區(qū)分場合，確定詞義 1、The fourth power of three is eighty one. 2、Energy is the power to do work. 3、With the development of electrical engineering, power can be transmitted over long distances. 4、The surface morphology of spheroidal graphite in ductile iron can be observed unde

4、r a 1000 power SEM.,形貌,球狀的,C、按照習(xí)慣，搭配詞義 1、High silicon cast iron possesses high resistance to oxidation at high temperature. 2、A large pressure and a large current are needed to get a large amount of water power. D、聯(lián)系上下文，活用詞義 1、The strength decreases as the temperature increases. 2、Small as atoms are

5、, electrons are still smaller.,The extent of decarburization in a white heart iron depends on Mg-S ratio as well as on section thickness. When high pouring temperatures are used to ensure satisfactory running of thin sections of castings the primary austenite tends to form long coarse dendrites.,白心可

6、鍛鑄鐵,填充,脫碳,Wrought alloys possess good forgeability, and it gives way to pressure. Electric resistance furnaces have their electric energy transformed into heat. This machine is simple in design, yet it is efficient in operation.,在壓力下會變形,將，使得,結(jié)構(gòu),Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixtures and

7、compounds. This new annealing furnace is a fuel-efficient model.,中間結(jié)構(gòu),詞語的增譯,1 英語復(fù)數(shù)名詞的增譯 After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained. The first steel castings produced by full mold process (實(shí)型鑄造工藝) went into use in 1978.,一些重要現(xiàn)象,第一批,2 表示動作意義名詞的增譯 Oxidation will make iron an

8、d steel rusty. Corrections and changes are made in accordance with the observed performance.,氧化作用,做出修正及改變,3 增譯概括性詞語 Both steel iron and cast iron have the structures of eutectoid, hypoeutectoid and hypereutectoid. Ductile irons are manufactured by melting, inoculation (孕育處理), spheroidization (球化處理)

9、and pouring.,4 增譯解說性詞語 Metallic matrix composites became useful only in the late eighties. . 成為. 東西 This question is really a technique design rather than an operation problem. .工藝方面.操作方面,5 增譯語氣連貫詞 The more complex the casting, the more difficult the alloy and more difficult the applicable specifica

10、tions, the greater the financial benefit. . 那么. 就 Many persons learned to program with little understanding of computers and their applications. . 雖然. 但,詞語的減譯,1 冠詞的減譯 The direct arc furnace is particularly suitable for the production of high alloy irons. A liquid metal becomes a gas at or above boil

11、ing point. The smaller carbides will easily decompose and go into solution in the austenite and produce a more homogeneous austenite structure.,2 介詞的減譯 The temperature of metal moulds should always be in excess of 200. The content of metal titanium in this alloy is 12.3%-18.6% by weight. In 1990 alu

12、minium alloy castings transfers amounted to perhaps 30 million in the market.,3 連詞的減譯 Manganese goes into solid solution and then it forms a separate constituent. Mn溶入固溶體，然后形成游離態(tài)組元。 These metals usually require a certain amount of preheating before welding and then allowed to cool slowly after the w

13、eld is completed.,4.1 人稱代詞的減譯 Most of these alloys are covered by proprietary names and they are normally produced under licence from companies which have developed them.,Before you begin to work the instrument, first read the instruction carefully. Given the weight and the specific gravity of a bod

14、y, we can calculate its volume.,4.2 物主代詞的減譯 The process of separating a metal from its ore is called smelting. It is possible to vary the fluidity and chemical reactivity of slags by adjusting their composition.,4.3 反身代詞的減譯 Like zinc, iron also converts itself into a vapor at high temperature. 4.4 不

15、定代詞的減譯 One cannot see the metallographic structure of alloy with ones naked eyes.,4.5 關(guān)系代詞的減譯 Industrial experience has shown that ductile irons treated with pure magnesium tend to have less problems with dross defects.,5 動詞的減譯 This process offers a very good control on the gas content and the amoun

16、t of insoluble oxide films in the liquid metal. Making use of free-silicon nodularizer results in a requirement for improved spheroidizing treatment technology.,6 引導(dǎo)詞的減譯 If more thought were given to consequences of injuries there would be less tendency to ignore safety precautions and thus, fewer a

17、ccidents. It is important to reduce the carbon level in stainless steels as low as possible.,7 根據(jù)修辭進(jìn)行減譯 The force of gravity acts vertically downwards and gives an object “weight or heaviness”. Each nucleation site gives rise to a crystal or grain which, when solidification is complete, meets neighb

18、oring grains at a grain boundary.,成分的轉(zhuǎn)換,1 動詞賓語 主語 This device exhibits a high efficient. The runner gate should have a flat bottom. 2 介詞賓語 主語 Cast iron differ in their graphite morphologies .,3 表語 主語 This equipment is a well-designed structure. 4 主語 賓語 Carbon is found in almost all ferrous metals. A

19、n austenite shell is formed over the entire surface of the graphite nodules.,5 定語 謂語 Lower temperatures are associated with faster crystal growth rates. 6 狀語 補(bǔ)語 The triple-diffused structure has its advantage of having a uniformly doped collector region.,詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換,1 名詞 其它詞 The experiment proved to be a

20、failure. The defects of castings show considerable variety. 2 動詞 名詞 The instrument is characterized by its compactness and portability.,3 形容詞 其它詞 This metal matrix composite is fairly recent development. These components may serve as an illustrative application of the surface alloying process.,4 副詞

21、其它詞 The device is shown schematically in Fig.3. The extrusion die must be dimensionally correct. 5 介詞 動詞 The letter A is commonly used for austenite, F for ferrite, G for graphite.,詞序的變動,The pouring temperature must be below 1340 to minimize liquid shrinkage. The dross problem is caused by the forma

22、tion of magnesium oxides and sulfides resulting from the Mg treatment.,Slip and twinning are the most important modes of deformation and account largely for the plastic strain that is generated before fracture. Presented in the paper are new data on this subject.,被動句型,Tensile strength is measured in

23、 MPa. Metal aluminum itself had been known to man. 1420 is showed on the pyrometer. No steel can be melted without electric furnace.,否定句型,全部否定：用具有否定意義的詞構(gòu)成 1 None of these castings have shrinkage defects. 2 Neither of the compounds are intermetallic compound.,復(fù)數(shù)形式數(shù)的翻譯 tens 數(shù)十個 dozens 幾十 hundreds 幾百個

24、thousands 幾千個 millions 千千萬萬,5、含有數(shù)詞的習(xí)慣短語 a hundred and one 無數(shù)的，許多的 by halves 不完全，不徹底 fifty-fifty 平均 first of all 首先 second to none 首屈一指,直譯與意譯 Silicon carbide crucibles also consist of silicon carbide and special graphites but with the addition of a small quantity of silicon. 碳化硅坩堝也是由碳化硅和特種石墨組成，但還添加了少

25、量的硅。 It may seem strange that in this modern electronic time, the physicists are still a very long way from understanding the ultimate structure of matter or existence. 看起來也許有些奇怪，在當(dāng)今電子時代，物理學(xué)家距離理解物質(zhì)或存在的最終結(jié)構(gòu)還有很長一段路程。,在當(dāng)今電子時代，物理學(xué)家們還遠(yuǎn)沒有弄清物質(zhì)即存在的最終結(jié)構(gòu)，這似乎有些奇怪。,死譯與亂譯 Problems encountered in the test indicat

26、e the need for following additional design refinements. 試驗(yàn)中碰到的問題指明了下述另外的設(shè)計(jì)改進(jìn)的必要。 Founding of metals has always been regarded as a mixture of art and science with some foundryman maintaining it is more an art than a science. 金屬鑄造通常被認(rèn)為是藝術(shù)和科學(xué)的混合體，而一些鑄造師認(rèn)為它比科學(xué)更藝術(shù)。,試驗(yàn)中出現(xiàn)的問題表明，還需要對原設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行下述改進(jìn)。,通常認(rèn)為金屬鑄造是藝術(shù)與科

27、學(xué)的結(jié)合，一些鑄造師則認(rèn)為：與其說它是一門科學(xué)，毋寧說它是一種藝術(shù)。,詞典的作用猶如鐘表。最壞的鐘表聊勝于無，而最好的鐘表也難保無誤。,Dictionaries are like watches ,the worst is better than none and the best can not be expected to be quite true.,一、順序法。當(dāng)英語長句的內(nèi)容的敘述層次與漢語基本一致時, 可以按照英語原文的順序翻譯成漢語。例如:,例1. Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electri

28、city is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.,即使在我們關(guān)掉了床頭燈深深地進(jìn)入夢鄉(xiāng)時, 電仍在 為我們工作: 幫我們開動電冰箱, 把水加熱, 或使室 內(nèi)空調(diào)機(jī)繼續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。,例2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of the

29、ir “expectation of life”, the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials.,可是現(xiàn)在人們意識到, 其中有些礦物質(zhì)的蘊(yùn)藏量是有限的, 人們甚至還可以比較合理的估計(jì)出這些礦物質(zhì)“可望存在多少年”, 也就是說, 經(jīng)過若干年后, 這些礦物的全部已知礦源和儲量將消耗殆盡。,二、逆序法。英語有些長句的表達(dá)次序與漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣不同, 甚至完全相反, 這時必須從原文后面開始翻譯。,例1. Aluminum remained unknown until the ninet

30、eenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.,由于鋁總是跟其他元素結(jié)合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧結(jié)合（因?yàn)殇X跟氧有很強(qiáng)的親和力）, 所以 在自然界中找不到游離狀態(tài)的鋁，因而 直到19世紀(jì)鋁才被人發(fā)現(xiàn)。,例2. Such is a human nature in the West that a

31、 great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.,許多人寧愿犧牲比較高的工資以換取成為白領(lǐng)工人的社會地位, 這在西方倒是人之常情。,例3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generatio

32、ns used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.,對于以往幾代人來說, 舊式的體力勞動是一種用以擺脫貧困的手段, 而技術(shù)的進(jìn)步則摧毀了窮人賴以為生的體力勞動, 因此首先體驗(yàn)到技術(shù)進(jìn)步之害的是窮人。,三、分句法。有時英語長句中主語或主句與修飾詞的關(guān)系并不十分密切, 翻譯時可以按照漢語多用短句的習(xí)慣,把長句的從句或短語化成句子, 分開來敘述,為了使語意連貫, 有時需要適當(dāng)增加詞語。,例1.Forging processes may be classified as unit production with small quantities

33、being made and mass production with large number of identical castings being produced.,鍛造方法可分為單件生產(chǎn)和大批生產(chǎn)兩類：單件生產(chǎn)是生產(chǎn)少量的鍛件，大批生產(chǎn)則是生產(chǎn)大量相同的鍛件。,例2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endles

34、s series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining.,人們常說, 通過電視可以了解時事, 掌握科學(xué)和政治的最新動態(tài)。從電視里還可以看到層出不窮、既有教育意義又有娛樂性的新節(jié)目。,例3. The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four.,大約有1/4的美國青年人沒有閱讀能力, 這簡直令人難以置信。,例4. Although perhaps only 1 percent of

35、 the life that has started somewhere will develop into highly complex and intelligent patterns, so vast is the number of planets that intelligent life is bound to be a natural part of the universe.,雖然在某處已經(jīng)開始的生命中可能僅有百分之一會發(fā)展成高度復(fù)雜、有智慧的型式, 但是行星的數(shù)目如此之多,以致有智慧的生命一定是宇宙的一個天然組成部分。,例1. Modern scientific and te

36、chnical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries.,對于現(xiàn)代書籍, 特別是教科書來說, 要是作者希望自己書中的內(nèi)容能與新概念、新觀察到的事實(shí)和新發(fā)現(xiàn)同步發(fā)展的話, 那么就應(yīng)該每隔較短的時間, 將書中的內(nèi)容重新修改。,四、綜合法。 一些英語長句單純采用上述任何一種方法都不方便, 這就需要我們的仔細(xì)分析, 或按照時間的先后,或按照邏輯順序, 順逆結(jié)合, 主次分明地對全句進(jìn)行綜合處理,以便把英語原文翻譯成通順忠實(shí)的漢語句子。,例2.0ne of the ways of further strengthening a solid solution matrix is to obtain a fine distribution of a hard intermetallic compound throughout the structure in order to further restr