科技英語翻譯11a.ppt

1、科技英語翻譯的基本方法和技巧,數(shù)字和倍數(shù)的翻譯,數(shù)字的表達及翻譯,Ten thousand （一萬） One hundred thousand（十萬） One million（一百萬） Ten million（一千萬） One hundred million（億） One billion（十億） Ten billion（百億） One hundred billion（千億） One trillion（萬億）,數(shù)字修飾語的翻譯,英語中常用 flat, cool, sharp, exactly, whole, just等詞修飾數(shù)字，表示“正好”、“恰好”、“整整”等。 He finished th

2、e experiment in twenty-four hours flat. 他完成這一實驗正好用了24小時的時間。 The physician treated cool 30 patients that day. 這位內(nèi)科醫(yī)生那天正好看了30個病人。 The plane takes off at 7 oclock sharp. 這架飛機7點整起飛。 The machine worked for ten whole days. 這臺機器整整運轉(zhuǎn)了10天時間。 The wire measures exact ten meters. 這條導線剛好10米長。,英語中常用 about, some,

3、around, round, approximately, closely to, nearly, towards等詞修飾數(shù)字，表示“大約”、“上下”、“將近”、“幾乎”等。 The volume of the sun is about / some / around / round 1,300.000 times that of the earth. 太陽的體積約為地球的130萬倍。 It is nearly / towards 4 oclock. 將近4點種。 The price of this new machine is in the neighborhood of / of the

4、order of a thousand dollars. 這臺新機器的價格約為1,000美圓。 Noise figure in the border of 4 to 5 dB at Ghz has been reported. 據(jù)稱，在2,000兆赫時，噪聲系數(shù)約為4-5分貝。 According to the weather man, the temperature will be up 5 or so. 據(jù)天氣預報，氣溫將升高5 左右。,英語中常用 more than, odd, over, above, exceed, upwards of, or more, higher than,

5、in excess of 等詞修飾數(shù)字，表示“超過”、“以上”、“有余”、“高于”、“多于”等。 Pig iron is an alloy of iron and carbon with the carbon content more than two percent. 生鐵是鐵碳合金，其中碳含量超過2%。 Only when a rocket attains a speed of 18,000 odd miles per hour, can it put a manmade satellite in orbit. 只有當火箭速度達到每小時18,000 多英里時，才能把人造衛(wèi)星送入軌道。 Ov

6、er / Above / More than / Not less than 100 chemical elements are known to man; of these about 80 are metals. 人類已知的化學元素有100種以上，其中有80種是金屬。 Upwards of seven thousand medical workers have left for the earthquake district. 有7000多名醫(yī)務人員前往震區(qū)。 The patients are children of three years old and upwards. 這些病人是三歲

7、和三歲以上的兒童。,英語中常用 under, below, less, less than, no more than, short of, off, to, within, as few as 等詞修飾數(shù)字，表示“少于”、“不到”、“以下”等。 The efficiency of the best of these engines is under / below / less than / no more than 40%. 這些發(fā)動機中效率最好的也不到40%。 It took three years less than one month for them to develop the

8、new material. 他們花了三年差一個月研制這種新材料。 Helium in the air is a little under 1%. 空氣中氮的含量略低于1%。,英語中常用 full, solid, at least, all of, no less than, asas 等詞來修飾數(shù)字，表示數(shù)目大、數(shù)量多。 They covered full twenty reference sources on AIDS in a single day. 他們僅僅用了一天時間，就看完了足足20種有關(guān)愛滋病的資料。 The motor ran 450 solid days on end. 馬達連

9、續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)了足有450天。 The experiment will take three days, at least. 實驗至少需要三天時間。 The temperature at the suns center is as high as 10,000,000 . 太陽中心的溫度高達攝氏1000萬度。 There were no less than fifty wounded in the traffic accident. 在這場交通事故中，受傷者多達50人。,英語中常用 only, merely, barely, scarcely, but, at most, no more than,

10、scant 等詞修飾數(shù)字，表示數(shù)目小，數(shù)量少。 That solar-energy car weighs only / merely / barely / scarcely / but 500kg. 那輛太陽能汽車重量僅為500公斤。 Inspection time for the installation was no more than 2 hours. 檢驗安裝工作僅用了兩個小時。 There is only at most room for one person. 至多只有可容納一個人的空間。,英語中常用 fromtoo, betweenand / to 來修飾數(shù)字，表示范圍，可譯為“

11、從到”，“在之間”等。 The energy of the fuel wasted by the reciprocating steam engine is between 80 and / to 85 percent. 往復式蒸汽機浪費的燃料能量為80%至85%。 The ladle refining time takes on average between 3 and 4 hours depending on the treatment required. 桶內(nèi)精練時間平均為3至4小時，這要視所需要的處理而定。,數(shù)量增加的翻譯,Be n times as + 形容詞 / 副詞 + as

12、Be n times + 比較級 + than Be + 比較級 + than + 名詞 + by n times Be + 比較級 + by a factor of n “是的n 倍”、“n 倍于”、“比大（ n -1）倍”,The substance reacts three times as fast as the other. 該物質(zhì)的反應速度是那種物質(zhì)反應速度的3倍。（或：該物質(zhì)的反應速度比那種物質(zhì)的反應速度快2倍。） This line is by two times longer than that one. 這條線的長度是那條線長度的2倍。（或：這條線比那條線長1倍。） Mer

13、cury weighs more than water by about 14 times. 水銀的重量約為水的14倍。（或：水銀比水重13倍。） The error probability of binary AM is greater than for binary FM by a factor of at least 6. 二進制調(diào)幅的誤差概率比二進制調(diào)頻至少大5倍。（或：二進制調(diào)幅的誤差概率至少是二進制調(diào)頻的6倍。）,as + 形容詞 / 副詞 + again as again as + 形容詞 / 副詞 + as “比多一倍”，“是的兩倍” This wire is as long

14、again as that one. 這根金屬線的長度是那根的2倍。（或：這根金屬線比那根金屬線長1倍。） This wire is again as long as that one. 這根金屬線的長度是那根的2倍。（或：這根金屬線比那根金屬線長1倍。） This wire is half again as long as that one. 這根金屬線的長度是那根金屬線的1倍半。（或：這根金屬線比那根金屬線長半倍。）,帶有“增大”意思的動詞（increase, rise, grow, go up） V + n times V + by + n times V + to + n times

15、V + n-fold V + by a factor of + n “增加到 n 倍”，“增加了（n - 1）倍”,The sales of industrial electronic products have multiplied six times. 工業(yè)電子產(chǎn)品銷售額增加了5倍。 The strength of the attraction increases by four times if the distance between the original charges is behalved. 如果原電荷的距離縮短一半，則引力就增大到原來的4倍。（或：如果原電荷的距離縮短一半，

16、則引力比原來大3倍。） This year, the production of this kind of machine in our plant is estimated to increase to 3 times compared with 1980. 今年我廠這種機器的產(chǎn)量預計是1980年的3倍。（或：今年我廠這種機器的產(chǎn)量預計比1980年增長了2倍。） By 1999 the production of primary copper has increased five-fold. 到1999年，原銅產(chǎn)量增長了4倍。 The drain voltage has been incre

17、ased by a factor of 4. 漏電壓增加了3倍。,帶有“增大”意思的動詞（increase, rise, grow, go up）連接“（by）n + 單位（或 n %）”，表示凈增量，數(shù)詞 n 可照譯。 The output went up 45,000 tons. 產(chǎn)量增加了45000噸。 The production has increased by 45%. 生產(chǎn)已增加了45%。 Automation will help us to raise the output of production by thirty percent. 自動化能幫助我們提高產(chǎn)量30%。 In

18、dustrial output rose by 0.9 percent in June. 6月份產(chǎn)量增長了0.9%。,用表示倍數(shù)的動詞表示量的增加：double, treble, quadruple, quintuple, sextuple, septuple, octuple The new airport will double the capacity of the existing one. 新機場是現(xiàn)有機場容量的2倍。 The population has nearly trebled in forty years. 人口在40年中增加了近2倍。 The company quadru

19、pled output to around 20 million tons. 該公司把產(chǎn)量增至2000萬噸左右，是原來的4倍。 The output has been quintupled since 1998. 1998年以來，產(chǎn)量已增長了4倍。,用“an increase of n ”或 “a n increase”表示凈增的數(shù)量， n 可照譯。 There is an increase of 4.5 million tons of steel as compared with last year. 鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了450萬噸。 There is a 25% increase of st

20、eel as compared with last year. 鋼產(chǎn)量比去年增加了25%。,數(shù)量減少的翻譯,用表示“減少”的動詞（decrease, reduce, fall, lower）連接“by n（或 n %）”以及用連系動詞連接“ n less（than）”，表示凈減量，所減數(shù)字可照譯。 100 decreased by 90 is 10. 100減去90等于10。 The output decreased by 40%. 產(chǎn)量下降了40%。 This process used 35% less fuel. 這種工藝少用了35%的燃料。,表示“減少”的動詞（decrease, red

21、uce, fall, lower） V + by n times V + n times V + by a factor of n V + n times as + 形容詞 / 副詞 + as “減少了n 分之（ n - 1）”，“減少到 n 分之1”,The price cost has decreased by the three times as against 1949. 成本價格比1949年降低了2 /3。 The pre-heating time for the new type thermal meter is shortened 5 times. 這種新型熱電式儀表的預熱時間縮

22、短了4/5。 The equipment under development will reduce the error probability by a factor of 7. 正在研制的設(shè)備將使誤差概率減小到1/7。 The error probability of the equipment was reduced by 2.5 times through technical innovation. 通過技術(shù)革新該設(shè)備的誤差概率降低3/5。,表示“減少”的動詞（decrease, reduce, fall, lower）連接“ to + n（或 n %）”表示“減少到 n （或 n %

23、 ）” The output was reduced to 45,000 tons. 產(chǎn)量降到了45000噸。 The pollution was reduced to 25%. 污染減少到了25%。 By the year 2003 the worlds annual oil output is expected to fall to 33%. 到2003年，世界石油年產(chǎn)量預計將下降到33%。,試譯下列各句，注意數(shù)量的增加： The amount of coal that is technically and economically recoverable under present co

24、nditions is five times as large as the reserves of the crude oil. Iron is almost three times heavier than aluminum. The gravity of the earth is about six times as great as that of the moon. The per unit area yield of ginned cotton has increased by 15% over the last year. The March figure for output

25、value registered a 37 per cent increase over February.,Asia is four times larger than Europe. The turnover capacity of the harbor has increased by one-third. The output of computers has increased by 20%. The innovation increases efficiency by 30 per cent. Its total output value increased by 11.5 per cent over the previous year.,Key: 現(xiàn)有技術(shù)和經(jīng)濟條件，可回收利用的煤的總量，是原油蘊藏量的5倍。 鐵的重量幾乎是鋁的3倍。（或：鐵幾乎比鋁重2倍。） 地球的引力大約是月球引力的6倍。 皮棉單位面積產(chǎn)量比去年增加了15%。 三月份產(chǎn)值比二月份增長37%。 亞洲面積比歐洲大3倍。（或：亞洲面積是歐洲的4倍。） 港口吞吐量增加了1/3。 計算機的產(chǎn)量增加了20%。 這項革新使效率提高了30%。 它的總產(chǎn)值比前一年增長11.5%。,試譯下列各句，注意數(shù)量的減少： The bandwidth was reduced by two-thirds. The depth