高中英語句子成分和簡單句的五種基本句型.ppt

1、高中英語句子成分和簡單句的五種基本句型課件,句子成分,組成句子的各個部分叫做句子的成分 它包括主，謂，賓，賓補，表（直賓，間賓），定，狀 主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。 表語，賓語和賓補是謂語里的組成部分。 定語和狀語是句子的次要部分。,句子成分的構成,句子的主干成分：,主語、謂語、賓語、表語,句子的次要成分：,定語、狀語、補語、插入語、同位語,主語,1. 主語是謂語講述的對象。 2. 表示所說的“是什麼”，“是誰”， 3. 一般由名詞，代詞或相當于名詞的詞或短語充當。 4. 它在句首。 We study in No. 7 Middle School. The classroom is very

2、 clean. To teach them English is my job. Surfing, diving and swimming are all water sports.,謂語,1. 說明主語“做什麼”，“是什麼”，或“怎麼樣”。 2. 必須用動詞。 3. 和主語在人稱，數(shù)兩個方面必須一致（主謂一致）。 4. 在主語后面。 His parents are doctors. She looks well. We study hard. We have finished reading the book. He can speak English.,表語,1. 說明主語“怎麼樣”，或“

3、是什麼” 。 2. 位于在be動詞, 系動詞后面。 You look younger than before. I am a teacher. Everybody is here. My job is to teach them English. They are at home now.,系動詞（必背）,be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound / 看/感覺/嘗/聞/聽起來(上去) 感官動詞 become / turn / get / grow / 變得,賓語

4、,1. 是動作，行為的對象。 2. 由名，代，或相當于名詞的詞，短語來擔任。 3. 它和及物動詞一起說明主語做什麼。 4. 在謂語(及物動詞后，)之后。分為直接賓語和間接賓語。 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. We enjoy living in China.,及物動詞和不及物動詞,及物動詞是后面可以直接跟賓語的動詞: see / hear / drank / eat / I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yeste

5、rday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now.,不及物動詞是后面不可以直接跟賓語的動詞: laugh / smile / look / listen / She smiled happily. They laughed loudly. 如果要加賓語,就要靠一個介詞來幫助: She look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match.,定語,用來修飾名詞

6、或代詞。定語起類似于形容詞的修飾作用， The black bike is mine. What is your name? They made paper flowers. The boys in the room are in Class Three, Grade Two. I have something to do.,狀語,1. 修飾動詞，形容詞或副詞, 狀語類似于副詞 。 2. 一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間，地點，目的，方式，程度等意義。 3. 一般放句末，有的也可放在句首，句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldnt work

7、 it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.,簡單句的五種基本類型,英語的句子結構,簡單句,并列句,復合句,*幾個簡單句用分號或并列連詞連接起來構成并列句; *幾個簡單句可通過各種方式組合成含有主句和從句 的復合句。,簡單句,簡單句的五種句型,1）SV 主語謂語,eg. The telephone rang. His father might have died.,2) SVP 主語謂語表語,eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.,3) SVO

8、主語謂語賓語,eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.,簡單句的五種句型,4）SVOiOd 主語謂語+間接賓語直接賓語,eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. My father bought me a bicycle.,5) SVOC 主語謂語賓語補語,eg. They called him a fool. She found the children fast asleep.,*在閱讀句子的時候，第一個任務就是要找到 謂語! *做謂語的動詞有時態(tài)、語態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；還 有及物動詞與不及物動詞的區(qū)別。,基本句型1 + （

9、主謂） 此句型的句子有一個共同特點，即句子的謂語動詞都能表達完整的意思。 這類動詞叫做不及物動詞，后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。,基本句型2 + + （主系表） 此句型的句子有一個共同的特點：句子謂語動詞都不能表達一個完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構成復合謂語，才能表達完整的意思這類動詞叫做連系動詞。,基本句型3 + + （主謂賓） 此句型句子的共同特點是：謂語動詞都具有實義，都是主語產(chǎn)生的動作，但不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語，即動作的承受者，才能使意思完整。這類動詞叫做及物動詞。,基本句型4 + +IO + （主謂間賓直賓）此句型的句子有一個共同特點：謂語動

10、詞必須跟有兩個賓語才能表達完整的意思。這兩個賓語一個是動作的直接承受者，另一個是動作的間接承受者。 She lent me a book. -She lent a book to me. He bought me a new bike. -He bought a new bike for me.,基本句型5 + + + （主謂賓賓補） 此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語，才能使意思完整。,主謂間賓直賓 interest B. interesting; be interested C. interested; be

11、interesting D. interesting; interest,實際應用I,8. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing,實際應用I,9. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the

12、visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smell D. to be smelt,實際應用I,10. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? -Yes, _ more words and expressions and youll find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known,實際應用I,11. Reading is an experience quite d

13、ifferent from watching TV; there are pictures _ in your mind instead of before your eyes. A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed,實際應用II,II. Correct the mistakes in the sentences. (Each sentence has only one mistake.),My parents love me dearly of course and will do all they can make sure that

14、 I get a good education.,to,2. He said he was busy. That is, a game of tennis making him very busy.,made,實際應用II,3. Remembering not to shout at them.,Remember,4. It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the mountain.,when,5. I was so tired that I felt asleep at the moment my head touched the pillo

15、w.,實際應用II,6. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese.,7. One day I wrote a little story and showed to my teacher.,it,8. Clever as she is, but she works very hard.,實際應用II,9. I dream of standing on the platform in the classroom and give lessons to lovely boys and girls.,and girls.,giv

16、ing lessons to lovely boys,11. I know there is not easy to be a teacher.,it,10. At weekends, we would play basket ball, swimming in the pool or go for a picnic.,swim,一. 利用考生思維定勢，通過從句對句子進行分隔。 1. Mr. Li made up his mind to devote all he could _ his oral English before going abroad. A. improve B. to im

17、prove C. improving D. to improving 2. The letter I was looking forward to _ at last. A. arrived B. arrive C. arriving D. have arrived,D,A,二. 將句子變?yōu)橐蓡柧浠蚋袊@句，造成句子中動賓關系的分隔。 3. Whom do you want to have _ the parts of the car together? A. fix B. to fix C. fixing D. fixed 4. What have I said _ you angry? A.

18、 made B. make C. to make D. making 5. You can never imagine what great difficulty I have _ your house. A. found B. finding C. to find D. for finding,A,C,B,三. 相似結構混在一起，形成對句子的分隔。 6. It was in the house _ he used to live that the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. which D. there,四. 在主謂之間加入介詞短語。 7

19、. I think Tom, together with you, _. A. be blamed B. is to blame C. are to be blamed D. are to blame,A,B,五. 固定搭配被其它詞隔開。 8. We waited _ line for the bus. A. for B. in C. on D. with,B,六. 添上插入語。 9. He has written another scientific report, _ of great importance to science. A. which I think it is B. whi

20、ch I think is C. I think it is D. I think which is 10. We havent heard from Jane for a long time. What do you suppose _ to her? A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. having happened,B,C,七.同位語從句的中心名詞與從句被其它成分分隔。 11. The secret spread out very quickly in the town _ he will be headmaster of o

21、ur school. A. where B. in that C. that D. which,八. 用倒裝句引起分隔現(xiàn)象。 12. He found on the table next to the armchair _ two pipes, some tobacco and a box of matches. A. was B. is C. are D. were,C,D,九. 復合謂語被分隔。復合謂語被分隔指謂語部分的助動詞、系動詞或情態(tài)動詞與主要動詞被分隔的現(xiàn)象。例如: 13. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day. A.

22、does B. did C. has to D. had to,B,鞏固練習： 1. Bruce spent as much time as he _ over his lessons. A. could go B. could going C. could to go D. went 2. A book, as well as a pen and a magazine, _ been left in the reading room. A. have B. are C. has D. is,B,C,3. Who did the manager _ the work? -Maybe _ of

23、the two men. A. have do; the taller B. have done; the older C. have to do; the younger D. let do; taller 4. Mrs. Brown was much disappointed to see washing machine she had had _ went wrong again. A. it B. it repaired C. repaired D. to be repaired,A,C,5. Thank you for the great trouble youve had _ me with my computer work. -Thats nothing. A. with helping B. helping C. to help D. to have