語(yǔ)法學(xué)案：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(Modal Verbs)課件

1、語(yǔ)法學(xué)案5：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（Modal Verbs）*概 說(shuō)助動(dòng)詞(auxiliary)主要有兩類(lèi)：基本助動(dòng)詞(primary auxiliary)和情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞(modal auxiliary)?；局鷦?dòng)詞有三個(gè)：do, have和be；情態(tài)助動(dòng)詞有十三個(gè)：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述兩類(lèi)助動(dòng)詞的共同特征是，在協(xié)助主動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成限定動(dòng)詞詞組時(shí)，具有作用詞的功能：1）構(gòu)成否定式：He didnt go and neither did she. The m

2、eeting might not start until 5 oclock.2）構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式或附加疑問(wèn)式：Must you leave right now? You have been learning French for 5 years, havent you?3）構(gòu)成修辭倒裝：Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister. Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.4）代替限定動(dòng)詞詞組：A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle? B

3、: Tom can.A: Shall I write to him? B: Yes, do.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的概念：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞具有詞匯意義，但意義不夠完整，一般不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的語(yǔ)氣和態(tài)度。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征：1. 后面一般+動(dòng)詞原形2. 一般沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化即第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)不加-s3. 一般只有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式，但可以表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間，過(guò)去時(shí)間和將來(lái)時(shí)間。4. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有非謂語(yǔ)形式，即沒(méi)有to do, doing, done等形式現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法還將be able to(能夠), had better(最好), would rather(寧愿),used to(過(guò)去常常)等列為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。

4、I. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞基本用法：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法否定式疑問(wèn)式與簡(jiǎn)答can能力（體力，智力，技能）允許或許可（口語(yǔ)中常用）可能性（表猜測(cè)，用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中）can not / cannot /cant doCan/Coulddo?Yes,can.No,cant.couldcouldnt domay可以（問(wèn)句中表示請(qǐng)求）可能，或許（表推測(cè)）祝愿（用于倒裝句中）may not do Maydo? Yes,may.No,mustnt/cant.mightmight not doMightdo? Yes,mightNo,might not.must必須，應(yīng)該（表主觀(guān)要求）一定，想必（肯定句中表推測(cè)）偏偏、硬要(

5、指做令人不快的事)must not/mustnt doMustdo? Yes,must.No,neednt/dont have to.have to只好，不得不（客觀(guān)的必須，有時(shí)態(tài)人稱(chēng)變化）dont have to doDohave to do?Yes,do. No,dont.ought to應(yīng)當(dāng)（表示義務(wù)責(zé)任，口語(yǔ)中多用should）ought not to/oughtnt to doOughtto do?Yes,ought. No,oughtnt.shall將要，會(huì),必將用于一三人稱(chēng)征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)用于二三人稱(chēng)表示規(guī)定、許諾、命令、警告、威脅等shall not/shant doShalldo

6、?Yes,shall. No,shant.should應(yīng)當(dāng)，應(yīng)該（表義務(wù)責(zé)任）可能，應(yīng)該（表示推測(cè)）竟然（表示驚訝和難以置信,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的感情：驚奇、憤怒、失望等)本該（含有責(zé)備意味）should not/shouldnt doShoulddo?will意愿，決心請(qǐng)求，建議，用在問(wèn)句中would比較委婉will表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣 would表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣will not/wont doWilldo?Yes,will. No,wont.wouldwould not/wouldnt dodare敢（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）dare not/darent doDaredo?Yes,dare. No,da

7、rent.need需要必須（常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中）need not/neednt doNeeddo?Yes,must. No,neednt.used to過(guò)去常常（現(xiàn)在已不再）used not to dousednt/ usent to dodidnt use to doUsedto do?Yes,used. No,use(d)nt.Diduse to do?Yes,did. No,didnt.II. 表示推測(cè)常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, can, could, may, might（推測(cè)語(yǔ)氣遞減）不同的“肯定”程度可按下列層次排列： He is at home. (事實(shí)) He must be

8、 at home.（非?？隙ǖ耐茢啵?He could be at home.（很可能） He may be at home.（僅僅可能而已） He might be at home.（或許, 非常不確定） He might not be at home.（也許不在家） He may not be at home. （比might可能） He couldnt be at home.（很可能不在家） He cant be at home.（一定不在家）He isnt at home.（事實(shí)） 1. must“肯定，一定”語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，只用于肯定句中。must + do(be)是推測(cè)現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)

9、行；must + be doing 推測(cè)可能正在進(jìn)行的事情；must +have done是推測(cè)可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情。He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.2. can和could“可能”，could表示可疑的可能性，不及cant語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)，用于肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)句中。The weather in that city could be cold now.We could have walked there; it was so

10、near.（推測(cè)某事本來(lái)可能發(fā)生，但實(shí)際上沒(méi)有發(fā)生）Can he be in the office now? No, he cant be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)，常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中)3. may和might“也許”，后者語(yǔ)氣弱，更沒(méi)有把握?？捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň?。1） 表示可能性（possibility）,用于對(duì)現(xiàn)在，過(guò)去或?qū)?lái)的推測(cè)，暗示不確定。might 不是may的過(guò)去式，它所表示的可能性比may 小，含較多的懷疑。He may be very busy now. (可能性較大) He might be v

11、ery busy now. (可能性較小)2） 表示許可（permission），表示允許別人做某事， 也可征求對(duì)方的許可。He may go now. We may keep the book for two weeks.3） 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed! May you have a nice trip!III. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞注意點(diǎn)：I. can (could)表示體力或腦力方面的能力，或根據(jù)客觀(guān)規(guī)律能做某事的能力，意思是“能夠”。can表“能夠”時(shí)，既可指將來(lái)，也可指現(xiàn)在。be able to在表示能力時(shí)與can同義，be able to可以表達(dá)“某事終于成功”，而

12、can無(wú)法表達(dá)此意。be able to可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)通過(guò)努力克服困難成功地做成某事，相當(dāng)于managed to do 或 succeeded in doing。My grandma is over eighty, but she can/ is able to read without glasses.We can/ will be able to talk about the matter later.can (could)表示許可、允許，在疑問(wèn)句中表示“請(qǐng)求，許可”，否定句中表示“不許”，此時(shí)可與may通用，有時(shí)cannot可以表示“禁止”，相當(dāng)于“mustnt”。can (cou

13、ld)表示推測(cè)，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀(guān)可能性“可能、會(huì)”，can多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，表示猜測(cè)時(shí)，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后可用進(jìn)行式或完成式。could表示“能力”“可能性”“許可”，為can的過(guò)去式。一般用于委婉、客氣地提出問(wèn)題或陳述看法，此時(shí)can，could并沒(méi)有時(shí)間上的差別，只是could的語(yǔ)氣更委婉些?；卮饡r(shí)用can回答。Liz, can you do me a favor?Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the station?I wonder if you could help me. (request請(qǐng)求) - Could I use your phone?

14、 -Yes, of course. You can. Do you think I could borrow your bike. (permission許可)*需要注意的幾點(diǎn):表示猜測(cè)，can一般不用于肯定句中，除非是“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談” 。這時(shí)can可以表示客觀(guān)的可能性,并不牽涉具體的事情是否會(huì)發(fā)生;要表示某事發(fā)生的可能性別時(shí)需要用could，may， might。Children can often get ill suddenly（小孩常?？赡芡蝗簧。〤ertain things in the home can be dangerous，especially if you have youn

15、g children（家里的某些東西可能有危險(xiǎn)，尤其是有小孩的時(shí)候。）上面兩句可以看作醫(yī)務(wù)工作者或撫養(yǎng)過(guò)孩子的人說(shuō)的話(huà)，屬“經(jīng)驗(yàn)之談”。Accidents can happen on such rainy days. II. may (might)表示許可，有“可以”的意思，詢(xún)問(wèn)一件事可不可以做，有時(shí)可以與can互換。其否定式may not表示“不可以、禁止、阻止”等，常用must not=mustnt代替，may用于疑問(wèn)句中，回答這種問(wèn)題時(shí)，多避免用may，而用其他形式，以免顯得口氣太嚴(yán)峻或不客氣。表推測(cè)、或許、可能的意思，表示一件事或許會(huì)發(fā)生，只用在陳述句中。表祝愿: May you su

16、cceed! = I hope you may succeed. May you be happy, healthy and wealthy!might是may的過(guò)去式，表示可以做的事或可能發(fā)生的事；主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)用 might不用may。might一般用于比may的口氣委婉，或表示現(xiàn)實(shí)的可能性更小一些的語(yǔ)境中。III. must, have to表示必須要做的事，意為“必須“，否定式 mustnt表示“不應(yīng)該，不許可，禁止”等。因此，在回答帶有must的問(wèn)句時(shí)，不用mustnt，而用 neednt或dont have to.must在表示“必須”時(shí)與have to相近，have t

17、o比較強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀(guān)的需要，must著重主觀(guān)看法。另外must不像have to那樣能有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。表推測(cè)，暗含很大的可能性，意為“一定”，只用于“肯定句”中。偏偏、硬要、干嘛(指做令人不快的事)。如： Heyboys！ Must you shout so loudly?must與have to都可以表示“必須”的意思，但要注意以下兩點(diǎn)區(qū)別。1) must只有現(xiàn)在時(shí)，而have to有現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過(guò)去時(shí)和將來(lái)時(shí)。如：We must work hard, or well fail in the examinationYears ago, the poor girl had to leave school

18、for lack of money2) must表示主觀(guān)看法，have to則側(cè)重于客觀(guān)需要。如：We must be strict with ourselves in everythingIn cities with many cars, some people have to wear masksIV. shall Shall she go to the concert with us this evening (征求意見(jiàn))You shall go to the front at once(命令)Dont worryYou shall get the answer this very af

19、ternoon（允諾）He shall be sorry one dayI tell you(警告)Nothing shall stop us from fighting against pollution(決心)用于二、三人稱(chēng)陳述句中。表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方的命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅、決心等。在疑問(wèn)句中，表示征詢(xún)聽(tīng)話(huà)人是否愿意。You shall fail if you dont work harder. （警告）He shall have the book when I finish reading it.(允諾)He shall be punished.(威脅)用于一、三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中，表

20、示說(shuō)話(huà)人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。Shall we put off the sports meeting until next month?Shall Tom go there with me tomorrow? should表示勸告、建議常作“應(yīng)當(dāng)”講，與ought to有時(shí)可互換，ought to更注重一些責(zé)任義務(wù)。should表示預(yù)測(cè)可能性，并譯作“可能，(按道理)應(yīng)該”；而ought協(xié)則表示非?？赡?。should用于委婉、謙遜地提出意見(jiàn)或建議，ought to可表示因責(zé)任、義務(wù)等該做的事。a. should 表示勸告、建議、命令。You should go to class righ

21、t away.b. should 表示期待，用于表達(dá)合理推斷（prediction，意為“應(yīng)該” ），或明顯的結(jié)果（意為“可能”）且所期待的事幾乎是事實(shí)。It is three oclock, the football game should begin now. Mary took dancing lessons for years, she should be an excellent dancer.V. will, would 表示意愿、意志和決心，適用于各種人稱(chēng)，可以用來(lái)表示各種傾向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。有時(shí)還用來(lái)表示“難免”。其過(guò)去式是would，也可以是單獨(dú)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞.在表示委婉提出請(qǐng)求、建

22、議或看法時(shí)，語(yǔ)氣比will委婉，常用于第二人稱(chēng)，肯定的回答時(shí)用will. used to表示過(guò)去常常做現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再有的習(xí)慣 would只表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣或喜好，不涉及現(xiàn)在。1）表示意愿，表示愿意做或主動(dòng)提出做，如意志，愿望或決心等，例如：That bag looks heavy, Ill help you with it.( offering to do sth)- You know that book I lent you. Can I have it back if youve finished with it?- Of course. Ill give it to you this aft

23、ernoon.(agreement)Thanks for lending me the money, Ill pay you back on Friday. (promise)2） 表示習(xí)慣(habit, custom)This old man is strange. He will sit for hours without saying anything.We would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories.3）表示請(qǐng)求（request）， 用于第二人稱(chēng)， would 比will 更委婉。 例如：Will yo

24、u come this way, please?Would you open the window?*在表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，從句不能用will（這時(shí)的will不是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，而是助動(dòng)詞，幫助構(gòu)成將來(lái)時(shí)）。如：If it will rain tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village(誤)If it rains tomorrow, we shall not go to the mountain village(正)當(dāng)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will表示意愿或決心時(shí)，是可以用于條件狀語(yǔ)從句的。如：If you will listen to me,

25、Ill give you some advice on how to learn English如果你愿意聽(tīng)我的話(huà)，我將給你提點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的建議。If you will come this way，the manager will meet you請(qǐng)您往這邊走，經(jīng)理現(xiàn)在要見(jiàn)你。VI. may well和may/ might as well后都接動(dòng)詞原形，是一種常用結(jié)構(gòu)。may well+動(dòng)詞原形相當(dāng)于 to be likely to，意為“(完全)能，很可能”。may/ might as well+動(dòng)詞原形相當(dāng)于had better或幻have no strong reason not to，意

26、為“最好，不妨”。cannottoo/enough表示“無(wú)論怎么也不過(guò)分”，“越越好”；cannot but do sth表示“不得不，只好”的含義。. need和dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的區(qū)別：兩者作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。其形式為：neednt/darent do；Need/daredo?做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，就有人稱(chēng)，時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，dare常出現(xiàn)過(guò)去時(shí)dared。其形式為：need(needs/needed)/dare(dares/dared) to do, dont(doesnt/didnt) need/dare to do（其中dare后面的to ?？梢允÷裕┠橙诵枰瞿呈?s

27、b.) need (to) do某事需要被做(sth.) need to be done=(sth.) need doing 需要need，want, require等詞后面接doing主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義dare做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞How dare you say such a thing?= How do you dare (to) say ? dare做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞dare做情態(tài)動(dòng)詞He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? =He didnt dare (to) speak English before such a crowd, di

28、d he? dare做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞.常用的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have done表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的推測(cè)或虛擬must have done sth.一定做某事can/could have done sth.本來(lái)能夠做某事，而實(shí)際上未做cant/couldnt have done sth.不可能做過(guò)某事ought to/should have done sth.過(guò)去本應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際上并沒(méi)有做neednt have done 過(guò)去本不必做的事情實(shí)際上卻做了1. must +have done 表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情作出的肯定推測(cè)。They are playing basketball, they must have

29、 finished their homework.他們?cè)谕婊@球，他們一定已經(jīng)完成了作業(yè)。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.路是濕的， 昨天晚上一定下雨了。2. can/could have done “本可以, 本可能已經(jīng)”用于肯定句中, 表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情做出的推測(cè)或虛擬。 You could have had a better mark.你本來(lái)可以考的更好。He cant have slept through all that noise.You could at least have sent five cards.你本來(lái)可

30、以至少寄去5張明信片的。（說(shuō)明沒(méi)有寄那么多）3. might/may have done, 表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行可能性推測(cè)或虛擬。He may have gone to the clinic.他可能去醫(yī)務(wù)室了。He might have read about the news in the newspaper.他可能已經(jīng)從報(bào)紙上知道這個(gè)消息了。4. should/ought to have done 過(guò)去本該做而沒(méi)有做的事情, 表虛擬，常含責(zé)備，悔恨。 You should have written with a pen, not a pencil. Yes, I know I ought

31、 to have, but I had no pen to write with. I was really anxious about you. You shouldnt have left home without a word. Im not feeling well in the stomach, I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 5. neednt have done 過(guò)去本不必做的事情實(shí)際上卻做了。You neednt have told him that. *.must表猜測(cè)語(yǔ)氣的反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成（可以不必

32、掌握）must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，其后的反意問(wèn)句有兩種情況：對(duì)現(xiàn)存狀態(tài)（現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)）進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句中動(dòng)詞用其一般現(xiàn)在形式。對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情進(jìn)行推測(cè)時(shí)，若有表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，反意問(wèn)句用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。He must be reading, isnt he? You must do it yourself, dont you?He must have gone over the article, hasnt he? It must have rained last night, didnt it?Practice:1. -Must I start at once?-No, you_.A. needn

33、tB. mustnt C. cantD. wont2. -Need I hand in my exercise book at once?-Yes, you_.A. must B. need C. can D. will3. “The interest _be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.A. may B. should C. must D. shall4. The room is so dirty. _ we clean it? Of course. A. Will B. Sha

34、ll C. Would D. Do5. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _for her.A. had to write it outB. must have written it outC. should have written it out D. ought to write it out1. 析：A。由語(yǔ)境可知該答句表示“不必”，而mustnt表示“不準(zhǔn)、禁止”，不符合語(yǔ)境，顯然應(yīng)使用neednt表示“不必”，但肯定句回答繼續(xù)用must。2. 析：選A。根據(jù)規(guī)定need用于一般疑問(wèn)句作肯定回答應(yīng)換成must,而作否定回答時(shí)，使用

35、need的否定式neednt。3. 析：選D。4. 析：選B。上述兩題均考查 shall的常用含義，當(dāng)shall 用于一、三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中時(shí)，表示征求對(duì)方意見(jiàn)；用于二、三人稱(chēng)陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。 5. 析：選C。分析語(yǔ)境可知，口頭上告知Sally如何去那里是不夠的，所以我本應(yīng)書(shū)面告知，卻有沒(méi)書(shū)面告知之，顯得應(yīng)使用should /ought to have written表示遺憾之情。選擇合適的詞或詞組填空1. I have a headache. I _ take an aspirin.(had better; would better)2. He looks

36、sleepy. He must _ bed very late last night. (go; have gone)3. I want to go to the office, but you _ with me. (need not to go; need not go)4. I ought _ those books to the library last week. (to have taken; to take)5. The mother is telling her son, “You _ eat with your fingers!” (wouldnt; mustnt)6. He

37、 was a good swimmer so he _ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. (was able to; could)7. To travel from England to Scotland you _ a passport.(dont need; neednt)8. He went on foot, but he _ by bus. (ought have gone; should have gone)9. A: Did Ken take the job in the bookstore? B: No, but I think

38、 he _. (must have; should have)10. He _ talk for hours, if you let him. (can; will)11. You _ use this toothbrush, its mine. (may not; shall not)12. No matter what people say, I _ do as I like. (shall; will)13. “Im willing to let you take whatever you like.” Means “you _ take whatever you like.” (sha

39、ll; will)14. A: I havent felt well for a week. B: You _ see a doctor. (had better; should have to)15. A: He is late, _ he have missed the bus? B: Yes, he must have missed the bus. (Can; Must)Keys:1. had better 2. have gone 3. need not go 4. to have taken 5. mustnt 6. was able to 7. dont need 8. shou

40、ld have gone 9. should have 10. will 11. shall not 12. will 13. shall 14. had better 15. Can選擇填空1. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken2. One ought _ for what one hasnt done.

41、A. not to be punished B. to not be punishedC. to not punished D. not be punished3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so much. A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking4. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night.

42、A. mustnt go B. shouldnt go C. couldnt have gone D. shouldnt have gone5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it _ better organized. A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been6. Im surprised that he _ in the exam. A. should fail B. woul

43、d have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed7. The little girl _ there alone. A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _.” A. wont B. neednt C. cant D. dont9. He said he would rather not _ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be

44、 doing10. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need coming D. neednt come11. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must12. I _ play football than baseball. A. woul

45、d rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer13. I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. could D. must14. There was plenty of times. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried15. The plant is d

46、ead. I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given16. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not17. Its still early, you _. A. mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hur

47、ry18. Please open the window, _? A. cant you B. arent you C. do you D. will you19. We _ for her because she never came. A. mustnt have waited B. shouldnt have waited C. mustnt wait D. neednt wait20. May I stop here? No, you _. A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont21. Its a fine day. Lets go fishi

48、ng, _. A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we22. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken23. Please dont make a noise. _. Ill be as quiet as a mouse. A. Yes, I wont B. No,

49、I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will24. The young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert. A. could B. must C. would D. should25. Where is John? He _ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been26. Since the road is wet this morning, _ l

50、ast night. A. it must rain B. it must be raining C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain27. Will your brother stay home tonight? Im not quite sure. He _ to the cinema tonight. A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going28. Shes already two hours late. What _ to her? A. can have happened

51、B. may have happened C. should have happened D. must happen29. You must be a writer, _? A. mustnt you B. are you C. must you D. arent you30. I got up early that morning, but I _ so because I had no work to do. A. mustnt have done B. didnt need to do C. neednt have done D. cant have done31. He _ have come here yesterday, but he didnt. A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the above32. I missed the last bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. have to C. may D. had to33. He ought to win the first prize, _ he? A. oughtnt B. shouldnt C. mustn