蘭州大學(xué)2007年考博英語真題_W

1、蘭州大學(xué) 2007 年考博英語試題 注意：答案請一律寫在答題紙上，寫在試題上無效。 Part One Structure and Vocabulary (40%)Directions： In this part there are two sections In Section One, you are to choose from the four choices under each sentence the one which is similar in meaning to the underlined part of the sentence. And in Section Two,

2、 you are to choose the one that can beat complete the sentence in question.Section I1. An important function of early stone took was to extract highly nutritious food from large animal carcassesA. destroy B. identify C. remove D. compare2 Regional planning deals with proposals concerning outlying co

3、mmunities and highways as well as with urban affairsA. outlandish B. remote C exempted D. exclusive3. Potash and soda are not interchangeable for all purposes, but for glass- or soap- making cither would do.A. advantageous B. convenient C. identifiable D. equivalent4. With the dawn of space explorat

4、ion, the notion that atmospheric conditions on Earth may be unique in the system was strengthenedA. continuation B. beginning C. expansion D. outcome5. When the glaciers thawed after the last ice age% the five Great Lakes of North America were formedA. melted B. advanced C evaporated D. exploded6. N

5、ew York is a shoppers paradise whether one wants to spend large sums of money in elegant department stores or rifle though goods displayed on street barrowsA. a fortune B. a dimeC. much D. quitelot7. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil f

6、rom one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.A. lawfully B. subsequently C. randomly D. mercilessly8. Over six million citizens of the United States collect benefits from private pension plans each year.A. nongovernmentalB. unauthorizedC. confidentialD. nontransferable9. Of the thousands of kn

7、own volcanoes in the world, the overwhelming majority are dormant. A. uncharted B. unpredictable C. minor D. inactive10. The lymphatic system includes a network of tiny capillaries that lie adjacent to the fine blood vessels.A. independent of B. near C. obscured by D. within11. One of Californias mo

8、st acute problems is an inadequate water supply.A. critical B. unusual C. persistent D. unexpected12. It is estimated that at one time there existed from one to two thousand American Indian languages and at least as many cultures, each different in some respect from all the others.A. prospect B. sta

9、ges C. aspect D. activity13. The eardrum, a taut membrane located at the end of the ear canal, separates the outer ear from the inner ear.A lightly tinted B. tightly stretched C. somewhat opaque D. delicately made14. It was commonly felt that the purchase of Alaska by the United State in 1867 was fo

10、olish.A. requiring B. sending C. buying D. applying15. In the Pacific Northwest, as climate and topography vary, so do the species that prevail in the forests.A dominate B. rebuild C. invade D. tend16. In frogs and toads，the tongue is fixed to the front of the mouth in order to facilitate projecting

11、 it at some distance, greatly in aiding in capture of insects.A proscribing B. protruding C. provoking D. protracting17. Stare twinkle as a result of the turbulent stale of the air through which their light passes.A. in addition to B. in spite of C. because of D. with regard to18. Most meat-eating a

12、nimals use their teeth to seize and kill prey.A. attackerB. nourishmentC. enemiesD. victims19. It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter,A. absurdB. nourishment C. tragicD. unpardonable20. How many people are aware that a dancer with New York City Ballet typically wears out

13、 a minimum of two hundred pairs of toe shoes per year?A. onlyB. at least C. exactlyD. fewer than Section II(20%)21. Not until the eighteenth century the complex chemistry of metallurgy.A. when scientists began to appreciateB. did scientists begin to appreciateC. scientists who were beginning to appr

14、eciateD. the appreciation of scientists began22. Pewte, for eating and drinking utensils in colonial America, is about ninety percent tin with copper or bismuth added for hardness.A. widely used itB. was widely usedC. which widely usedD. widely used23. Lyndon B. Johnson was the only United States Pr

15、esident whose oath of office by a woman, Judge Sarah Tilghman Hughes.A. was administeredB. being directedC. was accomplishedD. of administration was24. Protein digestion begins in the stomach A. whenB. whileC. andD. becauseends in the small intestine.25. fee growth of manufacturing and other industr

16、ies, the economy of the state of Texas has remained heavily dependent on oil and gas.A. AsB. DespiteC. ThoughD. In case26. Probably at about the same time speech, laughter originated too.A. increasedB. brought about C. evolved D. resulted27. The United States Capitol building in Washington D.C, is i

17、n a small park surrounded by a number of impressive government buildings.A. locatedB- secludedC formed D.spotted28. In earlier times there were more sheep in the South of New Zealand than in the North; now, to cross-bred flocks, the reverse is the case.A. in increase attentionB. with increasing atte

18、ntionC. with attention increasingD. in attention29. Researchers that when people are mentally engaged biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively.A. have brought aboutB. had set upC have established D. had put up30. Statuses are marvelous human inventions that enable

19、s us to get along with one another and where we in society. A. to determineB. determineC. to the determinationD. by determining31. If pollution continues to increase the present rate, formation of aerosols in the atmosphere will cause the onset of an ice age in about fifty years time.A. withB. inC.

20、byD. at32. A few years ago a brand of bread was offered to dieters with that there were fewer calories in every slice.A. messageB. the message C. messages D. information33. Americans view business based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society.A. being as more firmlyB. as more

21、firmlyC. as being more firmlyD. as is more firmly34. By 1872 the United States had 70 engineering colleges, astonishing expansion credited largely to the Morrill Act of 1862.A wasB. becauseC. to whichD. an35. When used as food additives, antioxidants prevent fats and oils rancid when exposed to air,

22、 and thus extend their shelf life.A. from becoming B. becomingC. to becomeD. to becoming36. Parents should realize that example is better than ”A. statementB. lesson C. proverbD. precept37. Arabian camels are usually about 7 feet high and generally sandy-colored, sometimes they are white, various sh

23、ades of brown or black.A but thatB. thoughC. howeverD. therefore38. they sometimes swim alone, dolphins usually congregate in large groups, often numbering in the hundreds.A. EvenB. WhyC. AlthoughD. Nevertheless39. in the desert is mainly due to the limited supply of desert water. A Plants are widel

24、y spacedB. The wide spacing of plantsC. The spacing of plants is wideD. Plants to be spaced widely40. Faults in the Earths crust are most evident in sedimentary formations, interrupt previously continuous layers.A. by whichB. which itC. where they D. thus it Part Two TranslationSection I (From Engli

25、sh into Chinese)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlinedsentences into Chinese. (20%)(1) Drr. Claude Shannon of Bell Telephone Laboratories, and his colleague, E. F. Moore, once built a machine to play the game known as Hex, using an analog computer working

26、on electrical voltages. It beat them about 70 per cent of the time. “It frequently surprised its designers by selecting odd-looking moves which, on analysis, proved sound, Shannon comments.(2) Each of these mechanical game-players is said to “l(fā)earn” because it is so programmed that it follows the Bo

27、olean algebra pattern, discovering by sad experience that one thing or another doesnt work and profiting by mistake. One of Shannons more fantastic triumphs is the magnetized mouse” which, when placed in a complicated maze consisting of partitions, is supposed to find the one and the only path to th

28、e “cheese.” On the first try the mouse will stumble aimlessly around running into one wall after another. Eventually，by repeated try and error, it will locate the cheese. If the mouse is given a second try, it will go straight to the cheese without hitting a single blind alley. It will, do it from a

29、ny part of the maze. (3) Moreover, if its trainer changes the maze on it by relocating the partitions, the mouse blunders only where the terrain has become unfamiliar. It can recognize at once positions that have not been changed. Eventually the mouse learns enough to forget all former arrangements

30、and remember only the latest, successful ones.(4) The mouse itself does not think, but it is difficult to argue against the thinking done by the electromagnet and computer that drive the mouse. The device does havethe ability to distinguish between right and wrong, and to revise its standards on the

31、 basis of its own experience.Probably the clearest difference between man and machine is a quantitative one. The brain has roughly a million times as many parts as the best computer. On the other hand, the difference may lie in a spiritual factor, embraced by religion. (5) At any rate, machine cannot exercise free will or originate anything not yet Whether it ever will is still an open argumentSectionII (From Chinese into English)Directions