英語語法高考英語復習課件

1、英語語法,Unit 1一般現(xiàn)在時,一、一般現(xiàn)在時的用法 1.表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，存在的狀態(tài)或日常習慣。常與every day ,often,always. Sometimes 等連用。 I go to Britian every year. I am a teacher. 2. 表示主語的性格，能力特征,The students of the universities like English very much. My daughter sings very well. My brother works very hard 3. 表示客觀事時或普遍真理 The sun rises in th

2、e east Two and two is four,第三人稱單數(shù)的構成,1.一般在詞尾加s. Work-works live-lives play-plays 2. 以 sh.ch.s. o.結尾加-es Wash-washes teach-teaches dress-dresses 3.以輻音自母加y結尾,變y為i加-es. Study-studies fly-flies try-tries,一般現(xiàn)在時否定式,1.在be動詞后加not Are not=arent is not=isnt 2.主語+dont+動詞原形。 主語+doesnt+動詞原形 Bill likes parties. B

3、ill doesnt like parties We study English hard We dont study English hard.,一般現(xiàn)在時疑問式,1. 將be動詞提到句首。 He is a teacher They are students Is he teacher? Are they students? 2.在句首加Does 或 Do They study English.-Do they study English? He lives in Australia. Does he live in Australia? 。,Unit2 特殊疑問句,以what. who .

4、whom. whose .which .when where. why .how引導。除 who 外， 一般加一般疑問句式. When does he go to bed? Where does she come from? Why do you study English? How many people are there in you family,名詞性物主代詞,第一人稱：mine ours 第二人稱：yours 第三人稱：his , hers, its , theirs. P15exercises 2. This is pen. That is ,too.3. 3.This scar

5、f. That is too. 4.This is newspaper.That is ,too.,5.These are children. Those are ,too. 6.These are students. Those are .,感嘆句,.How+ 形容詞主謂結構（ 可 省）。 How beautiful the flowers are. .What+ 名詞單數(shù)。 What a wonderful day it is. What+ 名詞復數(shù) What lovely children. What exciting news.,Unit 3名詞,一.規(guī)則變化 1.在名詞后+s boo

6、k-books student-students 2.以sh,ch,s,x結尾+es class-classes inch-inches brush-brushes 3.輔音字母+y結尾，變y為i+es. factory-factories family-families university-universities,部分以o結尾詞+es.Hero-heroes potatopotatoestomato-tomatoes radioradios photophotos pianopianos 4.部分以f 結尾，變f為v+es lifelives knifeknives leaf-leave

7、s *roofroofs handkerchief-handkerchiefs,二。不規(guī)則變化 manmen womanwomen,mousemice footfeet toothteeth childchildren deerdeer sheepsheep,Unit 4 不定代詞,1.some:用在肯定句中，修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞。 There is some coffee. 2.any:用于疑問句和否定句。 Is there any milk in the bottle? I havent got any brothers. 3.no:作定語，修飾可數(shù)不可數(shù)。 There is no s

8、ugar in the box.,Some 也用在下面疑問句中,1.Would you like some coffee? 2.Will you lend me some books? 二、 可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。 1.個體名詞：man, teacher, student 2. 集體名詞：class, team, army. *以上兩種名詞屬于可數(shù)名詞。 3.物質名詞：milk cotton air 4. 抽象名詞：love happiness life,Unit 5 現(xiàn)在進行時,1.用法： 表示此時此刻正在進行的動作。 They are watching TV in the living r

9、oom. He is listening to the radio. I am reading English.,2.構成,主語+be+現(xiàn)在分詞 現(xiàn)在分詞的構成： 1）、在動詞原形后+ing. watch-watching talk-talking Go-going tell-telling 2).重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這一字母+ing,Win-winning sit-sitting swim-swimming begin-beginning 3)以不發(fā)音e結尾， 去e+ing. give=-giving move-moving Have-having take-taking,

10、現(xiàn)在進行時與一般現(xiàn)在時的區(qū)別,一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作，而現(xiàn)在進行時表示在此時此刻或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。 They always go out on Sundays, but this Sunday they are staying at home. 有些動詞是不能用于現(xiàn)在進行時的：see hear, like, love . Prefer, hate want need mean forget know seem believe,to be going to +動詞原形 表示主觀打算、看法或即將要發(fā)生的動作。 I am going to make dinner. The footbal

11、l match is going to start at eight. It is going to rain.,2.現(xiàn)在進行時表將來， 常用動詞有：go leave come start do visit He is not coming. When are you going back to you factory Mary is leaving for Paris. We are inviting Tom to a party.,4.一般現(xiàn)在時表將來：表示已經(jīng)安、排計劃、或規(guī)定好的動作。 The train leaves at five o,clock. The boys start s

12、chool on Monday. When does the delegation come here/ Our flight leaves at eleven thirty.,以上三種表示將來的用法比較 I am going to leave next week. （帶有主觀意向） I am leaving next week. （已決定這樣做并已安排。） I leave next week. （根據(jù)日程表的安排）,Unit 6一般將來時,.用法：表示純屬客觀將來 2.構成：will(shall)+動詞原形 You will be forty years old next year. Tom

13、orrow will be Sunday. 注意；shall I Will you 表示征求對方意見 Shall we have a drink? Will you pass me the cup?,Unit 7 一般過去時,一、用法：表示過去某一時刻發(fā)生的動作 二、構成：主語+動詞過去式 三、過去式的構成 （一）規(guī)則動詞 1. 在動詞后+ed work-worked helphelped stay-stayed call-called,2.輔音字母+ y 結尾,變y為i+ed study-studied try-tried 3.重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫這一輔音字母+ed plan

14、-planned admit-admitted 4.以不發(fā)音e結尾，+d arrive-arrived live-lived,倒裝句,So+be/do/will/did+主語 She is French, and so am I. They were late, and so were we. He went to India last year, and so did she. We will have a two-week holiday, so will,Unit 8.形容詞比較級,一、用法：兩者之間進行比較 二、構成：規(guī)則變化 （一） 單音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞 1，+er tall-tal

15、ler great-greater long-longer 2. 以e結尾只 +r Fine-finer late-later brave-braver,.重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫這個輔音字母，再+er. big-bigger hot-hotter thin-thinner 4.輔音字母+y結尾，變y為 i+er Happy-happier busy-busier lucky-luckier,（二）、多音節(jié)和多數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞，在詞前+more. famous-more famous Interesting-more interesting difficult-more difficul

16、t expensive-more expensive,三、不規(guī)則變化 goodbetter badworse littleless manymore oldolder farfarther -elder -further 注意:older的意思是較老的,說明人的年紀或事物年代的久遠.,elder的意思是較年長的. That is my elder brother. He is two years older than I. Farther:較遠的 Further:進一步的 Tom jumps farther than I . Have you any further news from the

17、 meeting?,比較級的一些其他用法,1,The+比較級. the+比較級 表示越來越. The more ,the better. The faster we go, the sooner we arrive 2.比較級+and +比較級 表示越來越 The bus ran faster and faster. The boy is growing taller and taller.,比較級的修飾語:much a lot far a little a bit. She is a bit taller than I. Tom did the job far better than Mar

18、y. The crops are growing far better than last year.,Unit 9 形容詞最高級的構成,與比較級是相似的 tall-tallest brave-bravest big-biggest clever-cleverest happy-happiest famous-most famous interesting-most interesting,最高級的不規(guī)則變化 good-best bad-worst Little-lest many much-most Late-latest,最高級的其它用法,1.作表語時可以不加the Cotton shir

19、ts are generally cheapest. The light by the window is best. 2.a most 表示非常常. Its a most difficult question. We spent as most happy evening.,unit 10現(xiàn)在完成時的構成。,主語+have(has)+ 過去分詞 過去分詞的構成： 1.規(guī)則動詞 （1）。在動詞后+ ed workworked looklooked (2).以e 結尾直接+ d arrivearrived livelived 輻音字母+y結尾，變y為 i+ed,現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時區(qū)別,一般過

20、去時強調動作本身，包括時間地點。 I saw Mary an hour ago. She lost her handbag yesterday 現(xiàn)在完成時強調動作的結果或對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn) 生的影響。I have been to the Great wall. I have seen the film. He has lost her hey. He has gone out.,Unit 11被動語態(tài),一、定義：主語是謂語動詞的承受者 The gate is locked at 6:00 every night. The English test is marked by Mr.West. 二、構成：b

21、e+過去分詞 1，一般現(xiàn)在時：am,is are +過去分詞 2，一般過去時:was,were+過去分詞 3，現(xiàn)在進行時: am,is are +being+過去分詞,4, 現(xiàn)在完成時：have,has+ been+過去分詞 5，過去完成時: had+been+過去分詞 6.一般將來時：will,shall+be+過去分詞 7，情態(tài)動詞:情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞,三、用法 1.當不知道或不必提動作的執(zhí)行者時。 The cars are made in Japan. 2.Football is played all over the world. Printing was introduced

22、into Europe,2.當強調動作的承受者時 Thousands of rivers are polluted in the country. Bill Clinton was elected President of the United States of America in1993.,四、帶有行為主體的被動結構（by+行為主體） The village was destroyed by a bomb. The printing is very valuable. It was painted by Van Gogh.,Exercise :Change the following s

23、entences into the passive. 1.The students have invited us to a dance. We have been invited to a dance. 2.A fire might kill the animals. The animals might be killed by a fire.,3.The hotel is rebuilding the restaurant. The restaurant is being rebuilt. 4.The police brought the child home. The child was

24、 brought home. 5.His wife calls him darling. He is called darling.,五、被動語態(tài)的補充用法。 It+被動語態(tài)+that.常用于該結構的動詞有： Say think believe agree feel know report prove suggest. It is said that he can speak their language. It is reported that he is still alive. It is thought that about a million dogs are born each y

25、ear.,Unit12 將來進行時,1、用法： 表示將來某時正在進行的動作。 2、構成：will shall +be+V-ing When you arrive at the airport, a guide will be waiting for you.He will be wearing a dark green shirt.,將來完成時,1，用法：表示在將來某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。常與by+時間名詞連用. 2.構成：will shall +have+過去分詞 I will have retired by the year 2019. We shall have finished t

26、he work before next Friday. You will have changed you mind by tomorrow.,Unit 13 過去進行時,一、構成：was were+過去分詞 1.He wasnt thinking about what was happening. 2.While we were having breakfast, John was talking on the phone. 二、用法： 1.表示過去某一時間進行的動作。 What were you doing yesterday at 7p.m?,It was raining all the

27、 afternoon. 2. 表示一個動作發(fā)生時另一個動作正在進行。 When I came in ,he was watching TV.,Unit14:過去將來時,1.Was were going to+動詞原形 It looked like that the was going to stay. They were going to leave for Britain. 2.was were about to +動詞原形 I was about to leave for a visit to Japan. He was about to quit his job.,3.was were

28、due to +動詞原形 The BA561 was due to arrive. 4. 過去進行時表將來 I was meeting my sister at the station. 5.was were to +動詞原形 He was to write his best works there.,Unit15 如何將直接引語變成 間接引語,直接引語：直接引用別人所說的話。 He said:”I like English very much” 間接引語：間接轉述別人所說的話。 He said he liked English very much. 如何將直接引語變成間接引語？ 1.時態(tài)的變

29、化,現(xiàn)在變成過去 一般現(xiàn)在變成一般過去. He said:”I am tired” He said he was tired. 現(xiàn)在進行變成過去進行. She told me ,We are meeting him at the pub.” She told me they were meeting him at the pub.,現(xiàn)在完成變成過去完成 She said;”I have waited for ages.” She said she had waited for ages. 過去 時變成過去完成或不變。 She said:”I took it home with me. She

30、said she had taken it home with him,The teacher said ;”Columbus discovered America in 1492. The teacher said Columbus discovered America in 1492. 將來時邊成過去將來時 He said “I will be in Paris on Monday.” He said he would be in Paris on Monday,2.指示代詞、時間狀語、地點狀語的變化P62 3. 直接引語為祁使句， 變?yōu)殚g接引語時常用： asked sb. to do s

31、th. told sb. to do sth. ordered sb. to do sth. Remember to turn the lights., she said. She told me to turn off the lights.,4.直接引語為一般疑問句式+if /whether.將一般疑問句式變?yōu)檎Z序。 Is it raining?” He asked if it was raining. 5.直接引語為特殊疑問句式，將特殊疑問句式變?yōu)檎Z序。 Why do you come so late? He asked me why I came so late.,Exercise

32、:Change the following into indirect speech. 1.What time does the match start? 2.Where are you going to spend your holiday? 3.Who is going to buy your bike? 4.Are you thirty? 5.Will you be coming to the party,6.Remember to switch off all the lights. 7.I will do it tomorrow. 8.I have got many friends.

33、 9.My son can swim very well. 10.I have been waiting for ages.,Unit 16: 動詞不定式,動詞不定式有兩種形式：帶to不定式 不帶to不定式 He decided not to do it. Lets not decide now. 一.動詞不定式時態(tài)與語態(tài),主動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài) 一般式 : to make to be made 進行式 : to be making 完成式: to have made have been made I am sorry to have kept you waiting. No harm seems

34、 to have been made. This is a day never to be forgotten.,不定式的用法,1、不定式作目的狀語 The cats and dogs sleep together to keep warm. He went to France to study French. 2.不定式作結果狀語 He arrived at the cinema only to find that he had seen the film before.,He was too excited to sleep. 3.不定式作賓語 I asked to see the man

35、ager. He wants to be left alone. 4. .不定式作賓語補足語 The doctor advised him to take a good rest. I heard him sing in the next room.,We felt the house shake. I will have you know that I am a qualified engineer. 注意不帶的to不定式 feel sb. do sth see sb. do sth hear sb.do sth make sb.do sth let sb.do sth have sb.do

36、 sth,5. 疑問詞+不定式 When to start hasnt been decided. I dont know what/which/who to choose. I wondered how/when/where to get in touch with him. The difficulty is what to call our dog.,6.不定式作表語 Your mistake was to write the letter. This house is to let. All I did was to press the button,Unit 17.名詞性從句,名詞性

37、從句即指：主語從句，賓語從句表語從句。 名詞性從句引導詞有兩類：從屬連詞that whether if 疑問詞who,whose,what,which,when,where,why, how,It is true that she is an actress.(主語從句) I know that Phillips is a good make.(賓語從句) My idea is that we should stick our plan.(表語從句) What I d really like is a remote control.(主語從句),主語從句,That she has achiev

38、ed such fame surprised her.(主語從句) What he did is not yet known. (主語從句) How she wrote that book is a story in itself. (主語從句) It is said that hes got married. (主語從句,賓語從句,I believe that you can get a good quality stereo(賓語從句) Have you considered whether he has signed the contract. (賓語從句) Do you have an

39、y idea of what you are looking for?. (賓語從句),表語從句,The fact is that we are behind schedule. (表語從句) The question is whether has signed the contract. (表語從句) What worries me most is that my wife is still in hospital. (表語從句),Unit 18 狀語從句,1、方式狀語從句：常由連詞：as if as as though in a way in the way引導。 This fish is

40、nt cooked as I like it. She acts as if /as though she owns the place. Lillian was trembling as if /as though he had seen a ghost.,2.讓步狀語從句:常由連詞：although though even if even though not that引導 Although you feel very ill right now, This is a common disease. Though he has lived for years in London, he w

41、rites in German. Even though the drugs are good,it is difficult to cure it with drugs alone,3.結果狀語從句：常由連詞sothat suchthat引導. Mr.Jones was so frightened about having an operation that she cried. He is such a marvellous joker that you cant help laughing.,4.目的狀語從句：常由連詞 so tha t in order that引導. Ships ca

42、rry lifeboats so that the crew can escape if the ship sinks. We carved their names on the stone so that /in order that future generations might know what they had done.,If I were a bird, I would fly to you . If there were no air, the sky would be black. If I were you,I would plant some trees round t

43、he house. If we didnt go to their party next week,they would be very angry.,Unit 19虛擬語氣,一、虛擬語氣 在英語中，說話人的意圖不同，動詞需用不同的形式；稱之為語氣。 虛擬語氣是這些語氣中一種，用以表示主觀愿望和假想虛擬的情況。 1.帶if 的虛擬條件句 (1).當假設與現(xiàn)在的事實相反時，其結構是： If+過去式 主語+ would+動詞原形,翻譯下列句子,1.如果我英語講的好，我就會去合資企業(yè)工作 If my English were good, I would go and work in an joint

44、 venture. 2。你處在我的地位上，你會怎么辦? What would you do if you were in my place.,3.要是不再下雨，我們就去跳舞了。 If it were not raining,we would go dancing. 4。要不是正忙著打掃屋子，我會去陪你聽音樂的。 If I were not busy cleaning the house, I would go and listen to the music with you.,（2）當假設與過去的事實相反時，其結構是： if +主語+had+過去分詞.,主語+would have +過去分詞.

45、 If I had known that you were ill,I would have gone to see you. If I had gone to the meeting last night, I would have seen her.,（3）非真實條件句主句與從句有時不一致，這叫錯綜條件。 If you had studied hard,you would take it easy now. If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.,Wish常用虛擬語氣

46、,2。省略if 虛擬條件句 (1)在虛擬條件句中，如含有were,had,should,可把這些詞放到主語前面省略if。 Were you not here, none of us would come. Should she come here, we would discus the matter with her. Had we had enough money, we would have bought it.,3.虛擬條件句的其他表示法 1)。不用if Without solar radiation, animals and plants would die. But for you

47、r help, I would have been drowned. Without your help, I wouldnt have achieved so much.,2) Wish+動詞過去式，表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反 I wish I had a car. I wish I were taller than you. wish+ would do表示與將來事實相反 The weather is awful today, I wish it would be warmer tomorrow. wish had done 表示與過去事實相反 I wish I hadnt spent so mu

48、ch money.,3).在表示建議、命令、有求、愿望等動詞后面的主語從句、賓語從句中謂語一般用should+動詞原形，should可省略。要求這類從句常見的動詞有：demand, desire, insist, order, recommend, require, suggest.,The doctor suggest that he have a rest. It is suggested that trees be planted around the house. It is desired that you finish the test on time. The governmen

49、t demands that the pollution problem in the city be solved within six months.,4)在it is necessary, important, impossible, natural, strange后面的主語從句、賓語從句中，謂語一般用should+動詞原形，should可省略 It is absolutely necessary that one obey the law. It is important that the experiment results be checked. It is natural th

50、at a child love its mother.,在as if, as though 引出的與事實不符的方式壯語從句中，從句中的謂語用過去時表示對現(xiàn)在情況的推測，用過去完成時表示對過去情況的推測。 The foreign experts speaks Chinese as if he were a Chinese. She told the story as if it happened to her.,5)在It is about (high) time+ 從句中表示早該做而未做的事，從句謂語形式用過去式。 It is high time that we began to study.

51、 It is about time I were going .,Unit 20 動名詞,動名詞 動名詞是非謂語動詞的一種。 動名詞可以在句子中作：主語、賓語、表語、定語等。 動名詞可以有時態(tài)：一般式和完成式。 動名詞有語態(tài)： 一般式的被動語態(tài)和完成式的被動態(tài),1.動名詞作主語 Swimming has its law. Learning without practice is no good. 動名作主語時有時使用形式主語it Its no good learning without practice. Its worthwhile discussing the questions,2. 動

52、名詞作表語. Our duty is making instruments. My favourite summer sport is swimming. 3.動名詞作賓語. They began studying computer last week. Have you finished repairing the tape recorder?They got excited on hearing the good news.,有些動詞常要求動名詞來作賓語，這些動詞有：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require,

53、 delay, practice, consider, excuse, escape, miss, fancy, deny, 及短語動詞等。 有些動詞后兩者都可跟，但是意思有差別。這些動詞如下：remember, forget, regret, try, stop, want 等。,remember to do sth:記住去做某事 Please remember to post the letter for me. remember doing sth記得做過某事 I remembered posting the leter.,regret to do sth遺憾地做某事 We regret

54、 to inform you that you wont be able to attend the class. regret doing sth.后悔做某事 I regretted having done such a thing.,stop to do sth 停下來去做某事 Lets stop to chat a while. stop doing sth 停止做某事 Stop smoking, please.,try to do sth 努力去做某事 I will work hard and trr to improve . try doing sth 試著做某事 Lets try

55、doing the work this way.,在英語中有些動詞后要求跟不定式作賓語，這些動詞主要有：want, wish, hope, continue, manage, try, ask, offer, promise, mean, pretend, intend, decide, attempt, learn, desire, agree, choose, determine, expect等。,動名詞作定語 These passage may be used as listening materials. I have a hearing aid. The reading room

56、of the library is a large square hall.,動名詞有語態(tài)： 一般式的被動語態(tài)和完成式的被動態(tài) The matter is far from being solved. Before being used the recorder should be tested. After having been treated the water can be used for raising fish.,動名詞的邏輯主語 Please excuse my interrupting you. We all thought Xiao Wangs giving up his

57、job a great mistake.,用所給動詞正確形式填空 1._(read) Japanese is easier than speaking it. 2.It is no use _(ask) him about it. 3. Its no good _(try) to learn English by _(read)only. 4.It took longer than she expected_(get) a passport.,5.It was difficult for them _(understand)our policy. 6.After we had finished

58、 _(eat), he proposed_(set off). 7.In her leisure hours she enjoyed_(read) novels or _(go) to the park.,8.He never missed _(attend) evening school. 9.She couldnt help _(smile) at the words. 10.Soon afterwards he gave up_(teach)and joined the army. 11.I cant understand his _(leave)so suddenly.,Unit 21 分詞,分詞： 一、 分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞，其區(qū)別是： 1?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行，過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。 boiling water 開著的水 boiled water 開過的水 developing country 發(fā)展中國家 developed country 發(fā)達國家,2，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動。 the exploiting people 剝削人的人 the exploited people 被剝削的人 二、句法作用 1。做表語 They are interested in music. The news is exciting.,