現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過去完成時(shí).ppt

1、Present Perfect Tense,辨別下面句子的時(shí)態(tài),1. 去年我去了蘇州。 2. 我每天早上7：00起床。 3. 下個(gè)星期我要去看望我的老師。 4. 看！那邊有個(gè)女孩在哭。 5. 湯姆去過北京2次了。 6. 他住在那兒已經(jīng)有十年了。,一般過去時(shí),一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),一般將來時(shí),現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),Unit 1,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) the present perfect tense 一. 發(fā)生在過去，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在！ He has lived in Xuzhou for six years. I havent talked to my cousin since last Friday

2、. 二。發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)！ I have seen the film. He has already posted the letter.,Present perfect tense 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),構(gòu)成: 用法一：,表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)這一時(shí)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)是過去動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系,也就是強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果.,have/has + 過去分詞,1.都表示過去發(fā)生的事 2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去和現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，不能和具體的時(shí)間狀語連用； 3.一般過去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事或狀態(tài)與表示過去的具體時(shí)間連用（last, ago, yesterday, etc. ）,presen

3、t,past,I have lived here for two years,I lived there 2 years ago,eg.1. He had his breakfast at 6:00 He has had his breakfast. 2. When did you come here? I watched the football match on TV at 9:00.,Adverbs of time,before, by now (so far), once, twice, just, recently yet(否/疑), already(肯), ever, never,

4、 all ones life , in /during the past /last 5 years,Exercises,1. I _(have) lunch already. 2. Has the train_ (arrive), yet? 3.Tome _ never_ (be to ) China. 4. The twin _just _(see) my father. 5. The twins _(see) my father just now. 6. Many tall buildings _(build) in the past 5 years.,have had,arrived,

5、has,been to,has,seen,saw,have been built,用法二： for+段時(shí)間 since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間 since+句子（過去時(shí)） E.g. Kate has lived here for 3 years. Kate has lived here since 3 years ago. Kate has lived here since she came to China.,表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能還將持續(xù)下去。動(dòng)詞使用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間連用,常見非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)變,arrive/come/go t

6、o die become a borrow Leave/ move buy open join start/begin finish/ end catch a cold get up get to know get out close wake up go to sleep become interested in,be in,be dead,have,keep,be away / be out,be a,be in/a member of,be open,be on,be over,have a cold,be up,know,be out,be closed,be awake,be asl

7、eep/ sleep,be interested in,Exercises,His father has died. (for 2 years) The football match has begun.(since9:00a.m) The twins have joined the army. (since they are 18years old) My teacher has just left Nanjing. (for 3 days),His father has been dead for 2 years.,The football match has been on since

8、9:00 a.m.,The twins have been soldiers/ been in the army since they are 18years old.,My teacher has been away from Nanjing for 3 days.,重點(diǎn)句型:It is/ has been+段時(shí)間+since從句 段時(shí)間+has passed+ since從句,eg. 他死了兩年了： He died two years ago. He has been dead for two years /since two years ago It is/ has been two y

9、ears since he died. Two years has passed since he died.,1. 這本書我借了一個(gè)月了。,I borrowed this book a month ago.,It is/ has been a month since I borrowed the book.,I have kept the book for a month. /since a month ago.,A month has passed since I borrowed the book.,Have/has gone tohave/has been to have/has be

10、en in,have/has gone to:已經(jīng)去了或在途中，還沒有返回； have/has been to:曾今去過某地，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來了,后面可接表示“次數(shù)”的狀語; have/has been in:表示某人“已在某地停留一段時(shí)間，現(xiàn)仍在那里”，其后常帶表示一段時(shí)間的狀語。,Exercises,Tom 在哪兒？ 他去書店買書了。 我在北京待了5年了。 Jack 去過上海兩次了,-Where is Tom? -He has gone to the bookshop to buy some books.,I have been in Beijing for 5 years.,Jack has

11、 been to Shanghai twice.,Correcting,1. I have borrowed the book for 3 months. 2. My bother has joined the army since he was 18. 3. Jack and Tom have lived here since 5years. 4. The film has been on since I have come to the cinema. 5. When has Mr. Li caught a bad cold?,have kept,has been in/ been a m

12、ember of the army,since 5 years ago/ for 5 years,came,did,catch,6. Ten years have passed since they got married. 7. Jim has gone to Beijing for 2 years. 8.What time have the factory opened? 9.I have gone to Chunhua Middle School twice.,has,has been in,did,open,been to,一、過去完成時(shí),1.意義：表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作在過去某一個(gè)動(dòng)作或過去某

13、一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成。 2.形式：1）肯定式： 2）否定式： 3）疑問式：,had+ Ved,had not +Ved,Had +主語+Ved,1） 概念：表示過去的過去-|-|-|-其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。那時(shí)以前 那時(shí)現(xiàn)在 2） 用法a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 狀語從句 在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時(shí)；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時(shí)。 When the police arrived, the thieves

14、 had run away.c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示原本，未能 We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.,過去完成時(shí),過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。Eg. 1. He said that he had learned some English before.2. By the time he was twelve, Edison ha

15、d began to make a living by himself.3. Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.,選詞填空,1.Have you done your homework_? (for , just , yet) 2.I have_been to Chengdu. (ever , never , yet) 3.He has_washed the dishes. (already , ever , for) 4.He has worked there_h

16、e left school. (already , just , since) 5.Have you cleaned your room_? (for , just , yet),yet,never,already,since,yet,6.She has known Sam_ nine years. (for , never , since) 7.They have_arrived. (ever , just , yet) 8.Have you_ ridden a horse? (ever , for , yet) 9.She has known Fred_ they were at prim

17、ary school. (already , just , since) 10.We have not completed the project_. (already , for , yet),for,just,ever,since,yet,二、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的比 較,過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間出發(fā)點(diǎn)不同。過去完成時(shí)以過去某個(gè)時(shí)間為基點(diǎn)，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)以現(xiàn)在作為時(shí)間的基點(diǎn)。因此，過去完成時(shí)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的過去時(shí)。,Tom is not hungry. He has just had breakfast. Tom was not hungry, He had just had break

18、fast.,例句比較：,(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)),(過去完成時(shí)),三、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的比較,一般過去時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)；而過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間之前完成的動(dòng)作。,1.We got to the station at 8:00, but the train had left. 我們八點(diǎn)到達(dá)車站，但火車已開走了。 2. We got to the station at 8:00, but the train left at 7:30. 我們八點(diǎn)到達(dá)車站，但火車七點(diǎn)半就開走了。,3. When I arrived home, My parents had had dinn

19、er. 我到家時(shí)，我父母已吃過飯了。 4. When I arrived home, we had dinner together. 我一到家，我們就一起吃飯。,2. 過去完成時(shí)詞可以表示過去某一時(shí)刻之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或呈現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)，這一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù) 或?qū)⒗^續(xù)下去。,By six oclock they _ (work)for eight hours.,When I came to GZ , he _(be) there for a long time.,用法：,1. 到了六點(diǎn)鐘為止，他們已經(jīng)工作了八小時(shí)了。,2. 我到廣州時(shí)，他在那里很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了。,had worked,had been,3.到上個(gè)

20、月中旬我們?cè)诒本┳×擞形迥陼r(shí)間了。,By the middle of last month we _(live) in Beijing for five years.,had lived,1. 到昨晚上，他已寫完那封信。,By yesterday evening he _ (write) that letter.,2. 他說他以前見過你。,He said that he _(see) you before.,3. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)來時(shí)，他已做完了作業(yè)。,When I came in he _(finish) his homework.,過去完成時(shí)與 by then(截止到那時(shí)); by 9 oclock

21、(直到九點(diǎn)鐘) by the end of (在結(jié)束/末之前); by the time(在時(shí)之前); up till then (直到那時(shí)); up until last night(直到昨晚）等連用，表示過去的過去。,had written,had seen,had finished,3. 過去完成時(shí)和 already, just, ever, yet 等連用表示過去的過去。,用法：,例如：1. 他告訴我說他們隊(duì)已經(jīng)贏了。,He told me that his team _ already _ (win).,had,won,2. 她說她仍沒去過長(zhǎng)城。,She said that she _(not go to) the Great Wall yet.,hadnt been to,用法：,