委婉表達(dá)在商務(wù)英語中的運(yùn)用

1、委婉表達(dá)在商務(wù)英語中的運(yùn)用摘要 商務(wù)英語的委婉表達(dá)形式多樣，手法巧妙。本文結(jié)合國際商務(wù)溝通實(shí)例，初步探討委婉語在商務(wù)英語中的運(yùn)用手段及作用。關(guān)鍵詞 商務(wù)英語溝通 委婉表達(dá)一、引言語言是表達(dá)思想的工具，修辭則是表達(dá)語言的藝術(shù)。商務(wù)英語作為國際商務(wù)活動(dòng)中重要工具，除本身具有的縝密嚴(yán)禁、凝練規(guī)范的專業(yè)性、規(guī)范性、實(shí)用性特點(diǎn)外，同樣需要提高語言表達(dá)效果的修辭藝術(shù)手段。正所謂“話有三說，巧說為妙?！薄扒烧f”就是“適合語境的修辭選擇”（胡曙中 2004：8）?！吧虅?wù)英語交流交往可能更加需要修辭藝術(shù)，來加強(qiáng)商貿(mào)關(guān)系，擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)范圍，增加商貿(mào)機(jī)會(huì)，拓寬業(yè)務(wù)渠道，來最大限度地提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益?！保ɡ钐?2006：3

2、）國際經(jīng)貿(mào)合作的日益頻繁，促使我們?cè)谏虅?wù)活動(dòng)中更要注重使用得體的語言進(jìn)行交際與談判，以便創(chuàng)造良好的商務(wù)環(huán)境，達(dá)到預(yù)期目的。copyright dedecms二、委婉語在商務(wù)英語中的運(yùn)用英語修辭學(xué)中，委婉語一詞來自希臘語euphemism 。eu=good, well; pheme=saying, speech。意思是“the substitution of agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant.”即“以令人愉快和無刺激的詞語來替代惱人的或引起不快聯(lián)想

3、的詞語”。在商務(wù)活動(dòng)中，委婉含蓄的表達(dá)可避免直接表達(dá)帶來的尷尬或矛盾，避免沖突。在實(shí)際商務(wù)交流中，委婉語的運(yùn)用靈活多樣，可粗略歸納為以下幾點(diǎn)：1.溫和言辭代替激烈言辭在商務(wù)溝通中，如果言辭咄咄逼人，會(huì)給對(duì)方帶來過于自信不留余地的印象，引起對(duì)方的反感。善用委婉、含蓄的詞語弱化激烈的言辭，可使緊張關(guān)系得到緩和。常用的表達(dá)方式有: “I am afraid that”（恐怕） “We would think” (我們考慮到) “It seems (would seem) to me that”（在我看來） “we regret our inability to”（很遺憾我們不能） “We would

4、 suggest that/May we suggest”(我們建議/我們是否可建議)。比較： copyright dedecms(1)You have evidently sent us the wrong goods. Such trouble should be not repeated in future delivery.( 很明顯你發(fā)錯(cuò)了貨。不要再出現(xiàn)類似情況。)We would say that you have sent us the wrong goods. We wish such trouble will not be repeated in future deliver

5、y.( 我們考慮到貴方發(fā)錯(cuò)了貨，希望類似問題再今后的送貨中能夠避免。）(2)The quality of your Art Paper is not in conformity with the technical analysis and the samples. We must refuse your offer.( 畫紙質(zhì)量的技術(shù)分析結(jié)果與樣品不符，我們必須退貨。)We regret the the quality of your Art Paper is not in conformity with the technical analysis and the samples. Im

6、afraid we unable to accept your offer.( 很遺憾畫紙質(zhì)量與技術(shù)分析結(jié)果與樣品不符，我們不能接受您的供貨。)(3)You are taking advantage of our leniency in this matter.（ 貴方在趁機(jī)利用我公司的寬容態(tài)度。）As you seem to take advantage of our leniency in this matter. 貴方似乎在趁機(jī)利用我公司的寬容態(tài)度。） 內(nèi)容來自dedecms2.善用被動(dòng)語態(tài)英語中主動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，而被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是動(dòng)作的承受者。商務(wù)溝通中若發(fā)生命令或請(qǐng)求，提

7、出建議或批評(píng)時(shí)，弱化執(zhí)行者，強(qiáng)調(diào)按合同、協(xié)議、所承諾或規(guī)定的義務(wù)和職責(zé)，更符合國際商業(yè)慣例。如：(1)For the past three years, you did not place any order from us.（三年來你方未向我方訂貨。）For the past three years, no order has been placed from us.（三年來，我方?jīng)]有收到訂貨單。）(2)According to the contract, you should ship the total quantity of the goods before the end of th

8、is month .（根據(jù)合同你方應(yīng)于本月底之前完成全部貨物裝運(yùn)。）According to the contract, the total quantity goods should be shipped before the end of this month .（根據(jù)合同全部貨物應(yīng)于本月底之前裝運(yùn)。）(3)You made no allowance for inflation in this estimate. (Kitty O. Locker 2000:36) copyright dedecms(你在預(yù)算中沒有考慮到通貨膨脹。)No allowance for inflation ha

9、s been made in this estimate.( 通貨膨脹沒被考慮在預(yù)算中。)3.運(yùn)用感情移入法感情移入法即使用隱型對(duì)方態(tài)度 (invisible your attitude) 在表達(dá)具有消極含義，傳達(dá)令人不愉快的信息或內(nèi)容時(shí)，將自己置身于對(duì)方立場(chǎng)，考慮其要求、利益、切實(shí)體諒尊重對(duì)方，顧及對(duì)方的處境可更讓人理解和符合實(shí)際，使其心服口服。積極或中性表達(dá)避免不必要的矛盾。所以，多加同情達(dá)理，少加指責(zé)質(zhì)問無疑能夠更加奠定良好的合作基礎(chǔ)。比較：(1)Apparently you miss understood our order. Anyway you shipped the wrong

10、thing. （很明顯你方錯(cuò)誤的理解了我方的定單。你方裝錯(cuò)了船）Apparently our instructions are not clear, with the result that the wrong articlewas shipped.（很明顯由于我們沒能提供清楚的指示，導(dǎo)致貨物被錯(cuò)裝。） 本文來自織夢(mèng)(2)We thank you for your participation , but we are sorry to say we couldnt use your services. （感謝您的參與但很遺憾我們不能接受您的服務(wù)）We thank you for your pa

11、rticipation and hope we will be able to use your services at some time in the future.( 感謝您的參與希望今后我們能夠享受您的服務(wù)。)(3)Is there anything you dont understand?（ 你還有什么不明白的嗎？）Is there anything I have not made clear?（ 我還有什么沒講清楚的嗎？）4.保留對(duì)方的“面子”Brown 和Levinson 曾在“面子論”提出“威脅面子的行為” (face threatening acts, FTAs)。 即不同程

12、度的使對(duì)方或自己的面子受損的因素。從言語修辭角度講，商務(wù)溝通中交流應(yīng)避免涉及到FTAs，給對(duì)方留有“臺(tái)階”。在和平友好多氣氛中達(dá)到雙贏的目的。如：(1)It was a very difficult choice of candidates as there were many qualified applicants. Unfortunately, we can hire only one, and we chose someone more familiar with our line of products. 本文來自織夢(mèng)就事論事，不涉及具體人，只用 “someone more fami

13、liar with” 作出暗示。(2)We know where you are about your after-sale service. （關(guān)于貴方的售后服務(wù)我們心里有數(shù)） 暗指服務(wù)不怎么樣，但是沒有直接指出。而是用了 “where you are”做暗示。(3)Im not sure we can ever conclude a transaction if we still bargain like this. “l(fā)ike this”暗指對(duì)如此談判條件我們是不能接受的。三、結(jié)語靈活多變的委婉表達(dá)在吸引客戶，捕捉商機(jī)，加強(qiáng)國際合作，拓展市場(chǎng)中起著不可忽視的語用功能。但是委婉語的使用也要有“度”