學(xué)科英語1、2、3、6、10單元答案

1、Unit 1 預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)參考答案Passage 11. 科學(xué)知識2. 實(shí)踐知識3. 應(yīng)用科學(xué)4. 科學(xué)原理5. 操作條件6. 預(yù)期功能7. 機(jī)械原理8. 民用建筑9. 技術(shù)學(xué)科10. 分支學(xué)科11. 基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施12. 制造工程1. scientific knowledge2. practical knowledge3. applied science4. scientific principle5. operating condition6. intended function7. mechanical principle8. civilian structure9. technical disc

2、ipline10. sub-discipline11. infrastructure12. manufacturing engineeringTask 11. Tissue engineering has been a newly developed _ which represents the new direction of biological medicine engineering.disciplinea branch of knowledge組織工程學(xué)是一門新興的學(xué)科，它代表了生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程領(lǐng)域發(fā)展的新方向。2. What sort of preferential policies

3、can foreign investors in software and integrated _ industry enjoy?circuitan electrical device that provides a path for electrical current to flow外商投資軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)和集成電路產(chǎn)業(yè)能享受何種優(yōu)惠政策？3. NC machine tools are difficult to _ and often result in heavy economic losses when they go wrong due to the high prices.maintai

4、nkeep in a certain state數(shù)控機(jī)床由于價(jià)格昂貴，一旦出現(xiàn)故障，維修困難，常帶來較大的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。4. The mechanical energy can be changed back into electrical energy by means of a _.generatorengine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy by electromagnetic induction利用發(fā)電機(jī)可以把機(jī)械能轉(zhuǎn)變成電能。5. Research has thrown doubt on the view t

5、hat _ intelligence can ever be measured.innatenot established by conditioning or learning科學(xué)研究對內(nèi)在智力可以衡量這一觀點(diǎn)表示懷疑。6. How much _ exists between the content of this magazine and its associated website？overlapa representation of common ground between theories or phenomena該雜志和它的相關(guān)網(wǎng)頁存在多少重疊的部分？7. The Earth c

6、rust is made up of a dozen or so hard plates that drift on _ hot, soft rock like floating islands on a sea.extremelyto a high degree or extent地殼由大約12個(gè)板塊構(gòu)成。就像在海上漂流的島嶼一樣，這些板塊在極端高溫的巖漿上漂移。8. The speed limiter is an indispensable auxiliary _ in the internal combustion engine used in forklift (叉車).apparat

7、usequipment designed to serve a specific function限速器是叉車用內(nèi)燃式發(fā)動機(jī)中不可或缺的輔助裝置。9. It is proved through the experiment that this method can effectively prevent this kind of _ reaction from occurring.permutationan event in which one thing is substituted for another通過實(shí)驗(yàn)證明，本方法能有效地防止這種置換反應(yīng)的發(fā)生。10. _ is traditio

8、nally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.Etymologya history of a word詞源學(xué)研究詞的形式和意義的起源及其歷史變化。Task 21. be consistent with他說，未來的改革必須符合自由貿(mào)易和開放投資的原則。2. specialize in啟動成本較低，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)企業(yè)都可以只專門從事一個(gè)很窄的領(lǐng)域。3. derive from以上這些能力都源自一種叫機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的東西，它在許多現(xiàn)代人工智能應(yīng)用中都處于核心地位。4. A range of

9、創(chuàng)業(yè)公司和成熟品牌推出的一系列穿戴式產(chǎn)品讓人們歡欣鼓舞,躍躍欲試。5. date back to置身硅谷的我們時(shí)常淹沒在各種“新新”方式之中，我們常常忘記了，我們只是在重新發(fā)現(xiàn)一些可追溯至涉及商業(yè)根本的樸素教訓(xùn)。Task 3TFFTFTask 51. 工程師對于自己的職業(yè)行為最常見的觀點(diǎn)是：他們是通過應(yīng)用科學(xué)結(jié)論來計(jì)劃、開發(fā)、設(shè)計(jì)和推出技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的。2. 技術(shù)是應(yīng)用科學(xué)，即它是定律中因果關(guān)系向終端意圖關(guān)系的轉(zhuǎn)化。3. 拋開向顧客提供渴求產(chǎn)品的這些善舉不說，工程師的其他所有行為不管是從道德上來看還是從價(jià)值上判斷都是處于中立的，因?yàn)檎业竭m當(dāng)?shù)姆绞街皇菓?yīng)用科學(xué)結(jié)論的一個(gè)任務(wù)而已。4. 這些結(jié)論可以有對

10、錯(cuò)之分，但談不上好壞之別。應(yīng)用科學(xué)被認(rèn)為是一種自動或決定的過程，其只受自然法則的約束，比如物理定律而不是道德條例。5. 工程師的觀點(diǎn) 就工程師是做什么的這一問題在這部分中進(jìn)行了簡要的描述 是純粹出于技術(shù)角度而言，同時(shí)也有些理想主義。Unit 2 預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)參考答案Passage 11. 拐點(diǎn)2. 范式轉(zhuǎn)變3. 提高生產(chǎn)率4. 自動化生產(chǎn)線5. 提高效率6. 降低成本7. 大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)8. 工廠車間9. 制造功能10. 電子產(chǎn)品11. 智能產(chǎn)品12. 模塊化系統(tǒng)13. 嵌入式裝置14. 控制系統(tǒng)15. 機(jī)器對機(jī)器通信16. 虛擬圖像/表達(dá)17. 制造過程18. 戰(zhàn)略建議19. 官方高科技戰(zhàn)略20.

11、行業(yè)伙伴21. 深遠(yuǎn)影響22. 原始數(shù)據(jù)23. 反饋，回饋24. 精細(xì)過程控制25. 資產(chǎn)跟蹤26. 記憶芯片27. 次位供應(yīng)商28. 低成本產(chǎn)品29. 凈效益1. inflection point2. paradigm shift3. increase productivity4. automated assembly line5. increase efficiency6. cut costs7. mass production8. factory floor9. manufacturing function10. electronics products11. smart product

12、s12. modular system13. embedded device14. control system15. machine-to-machine (M2M) communication16. virtual representation17. manufacturing process18. strategic recommendation19. official High-Tech Strategy20. sector partner21. far reaching consequences22. raw data23. feedback24. fine-grained proc

13、ess control25. asset tracking26. memory chips27. second-source supplier28. low cost products29. net benefitTask 11. The wireless application server must be an open, _ architecture, to provide the user with the maximum flexibility and extensibility to ease development and deployment.modulara self-con

14、tained unit or item無線應(yīng)用程序服務(wù)器必須是開放的、模塊化的體系結(jié)構(gòu)，為用戶提供最大的靈活性和可擴(kuò)充性，以方便開發(fā)和部署。2. The 1935 Ford is mechanically much like its _ in the Model 40 series.predecessoran ancestor, forefather1935年型的福特車在機(jī)械方面與它40型系列的前身非常相像。3. Continuous _ and improvement: At the end of an iteration of work, we always look back at ho

15、w we did and figure out what we can do differently next time to improve.feedback反饋，回饋不斷的反饋和改善：在每一次迭代的末尾，我們總是回顧我們以前是怎么做的，并且思考我們下次可以做哪些不同的事來改善流程。4. New boosters can increase the payload by almost one order of _.magnitudegreatness of size or amount新型助推器能使有效負(fù)載幾乎增加一個(gè)數(shù)量級。5. Taking a physical _ means makin

16、g a systematic count of all merchandise on hand. inventory存貨存貨的盤點(diǎn)是指對所有庫存商品進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的盤點(diǎn)。6. This ability to _ solar energy is something that fossil fuel burning cannot match.decentralize分散這個(gè)分散太陽能的能力是傳統(tǒng)的燃料燃燒所比不上的。7. The government plans to _ a competition law.draftto draw the outlines or plan of政府計(jì)劃起草一部競爭法。

17、8. The inside of a smart card usually contains an _ microprocessor.embeddedfixed or incorporated, as into a surrounding mass智能卡的內(nèi)部通常會嵌入一個(gè)微處理器。9. Offices are fitted with alarm devices to _ the manager in an emergency.alertto advise or warn; cause to be on guard辦公室里裝有警報(bào)裝置，遇到緊急情況時(shí)可向經(jīng)理報(bào)警。10. The monumen

18、t consists of two vertical pillars supporting a horizontal _.slaba broad, flat, somewhat thick piece of stone, wood, or other solid material這座紀(jì)念碑由兩根垂直的柱體構(gòu)成，它們共同支撐著一塊平板。Task 21. give rise to經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化、信息技術(shù)和電子商務(wù)的發(fā)展對物流產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響，并產(chǎn)生了新的物流特征。2. kick start當(dāng)這一過程成功時(shí)，初創(chuàng)企業(yè)就將建立起自身的競爭優(yōu)勢。通過進(jìn)一步的學(xué)習(xí)、改進(jìn)、進(jìn)而創(chuàng)新提高行業(yè)競爭力，使其在技術(shù)領(lǐng)域

19、有能力與龍頭企業(yè)抗衡。3. all the rage時(shí)下另一種同樣流行的事物是開放式應(yīng)用程序接口。4. in conjunction with必須將機(jī)械測試結(jié)果與催化劑活性、選擇性和穩(wěn)定性數(shù)據(jù)聯(lián)系起來進(jìn)行綜合評價(jià)。5. give way to如果這類服務(wù)確受歡迎的話，那么利用專用語音導(dǎo)覽裝置的方法有可能被另一種不同的方法所取代。Task 3FFTTTTask 51. 已有很多文章指出，摩爾定律，即集成電路芯片上晶體管密度呈指數(shù)級增長的定律，行將失效。2. 顯然格羅夫是個(gè)令人敬畏的技術(shù)天才，但他在管理方法上更為知名。他在1996年出版的一本名為只有偏執(zhí)狂才能生存的書中描述了他自己的管理方法。3.

20、 1994年引入了一款新型奔騰微處理器，有些用戶注意到它有一個(gè)處理上的缺陷，而格羅夫覺得無足輕重，除了最資深用戶外，低端用戶不受影響，可以不予理睬。4. 不論以何種方式來衡量，這些具有高密集度且功能強(qiáng)大的集成電路都在創(chuàng)造這個(gè)科技時(shí)代中占有主導(dǎo)地位，如今我們往往也認(rèn)為如此。5. 對于他們來說，巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)來自其長期安享現(xiàn)狀。當(dāng)他們從投資數(shù)十億美元的集成電路生產(chǎn)線榨取最后一點(diǎn)利潤的時(shí)候，別人則成功地著手應(yīng)用全新的計(jì)算技術(shù)和業(yè)務(wù)模式，從而淘汰這樣的集成電路生產(chǎn)線，就像當(dāng)初晶體管和集成電路淘汰真空管一樣。Unit 3 預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)參考答案Passage 11. 籠統(tǒng)的術(shù)語2. 輸入數(shù)據(jù)3. 社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)4. 服

21、務(wù)器日志5. 衛(wèi)星圖像6. 音頻流7. 金融市場8. 軟件平臺9. 大數(shù)據(jù)分析10. 可擴(kuò)展存儲11. 存檔數(shù)據(jù)12. 關(guān)系數(shù)據(jù)庫13. 處理選項(xiàng)14. 數(shù)據(jù)倉庫15. 預(yù)定架構(gòu)16. 增長率17. 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和移動時(shí)代18. 數(shù)據(jù)流19. 競爭優(yōu)勢20. 流動源21. 大容量存儲器22. 批處理23. 反饋環(huán)路24. 分布式計(jì)算工作25. 數(shù)據(jù)流26. 產(chǎn)品分類27. 流處理28. 專利產(chǎn)品29. 開放源代碼框架30. 鍵值存儲31. 柱狀數(shù)據(jù)庫32. 關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)33. 實(shí)體解析34. 源數(shù)據(jù)35. 應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)36. 數(shù)據(jù)類型不匹配1. a catch-all term2. input data3.

22、 social networks4. server logs5. satellite imagery6. audio streams7. financial market8. software platform9. big data analytics10. scalable storage11. archived data12. relational database13. processing options14. data warehousing 15. predetermined schema16. increasing rate17. the Internet and mobile

23、era18. data flow19. competitive advantage20. a streaming source21. bulk storage22. batch processing23. feedback loop24. a Hadoop job25. streaming data26. product categories27. streaming processing28. proprietary products29. open source frameworks30. key-value stores31. columnar databases32. relation

24、al structure33. entity resolution34. source data 35. application data36. data type mismatchTask 11. Power and performance also depend on the weight and shape of the bullet and its _.velocityrapidity of motion or operation; swiftness; speed（槍的）威力和性能同樣要依靠彈頭的重量和形狀以及它的速率。2. The number of e-mails you rec

25、eive grows if you do not set the system to _ them or store them at specific times.discardto cast aside or dispose of; get rid of如果不進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)設(shè)置來丟棄郵件或在特定時(shí)間存儲郵件，您收到的電子郵件數(shù)量將會不斷增加。3. The _ concept of component has a formal, well-defined meaning in the context of this system.nebuloushazy, vague, indistinct, or

26、 confused組件這一模糊的概念在此系統(tǒng)環(huán)境中具有了正式的、明確界定的含義。4. This remote video terminal features a modular, open and _ design, and can operate at different frequencies and with different waveforms.scalablecapable of being scaled該視頻終端采用模塊化、開放式、可擴(kuò)展設(shè)計(jì)，可以工作于不同的頻率和波形。5. Cloud computing is a _ term and covers many industri

27、es and many different segments. catch-allSomething designed to cover a variety of situations or possibilities associated with the product“云計(jì)算”是一個(gè)涵蓋范圍很廣的術(shù)語，涉及許多行業(yè)與不同部門。6. Web Accelerator will _ the system settings of your present Internet connection and raise your web surfing speed by up to 300%.opti

28、mize to write or rewrite (the instructions in a program) so as to maximize efficiency and speed in retrieval, storage, or execution網(wǎng)絡(luò)加速器將優(yōu)化您當(dāng)前互聯(lián)網(wǎng)連接的系統(tǒng)設(shè)置，并將您的網(wǎng)上沖浪速度提高達(dá)300%。7. This framework structure is _, flexible for modular design, and can be used in real-time data acquisition and processing.versa

29、tilehaving or capable of many uses這種架構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)靈活，通用性強(qiáng)，適合模塊化設(shè)計(jì)，可以用于實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)采集和處理。8. Many of these capabilities can be implemented either using _ technologies, or through the use of open prietarymanufactured and sold only by the owner of the patent, formula, brand name, or trademark許多這些功能既可以使用專有技術(shù)實(shí)

30、現(xiàn)，也可以通過利用開放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)現(xiàn)。9. To summarize, next generation batch processing systems must be _ enough to meet requirements from customers of all shapes and sizes.agileable to think quickly, solve problems, and have new ideas總而言之，下一代批處理系統(tǒng)必須足夠地靈活快捷，以滿足各種規(guī)?？蛻舻男枨蟆?0. One of the most common tasks for Android applic

31、ations is to _ or send data over the network to a remote server.retrieveto recover or regainAndroid應(yīng)用程序一個(gè)最常見的任務(wù)就是檢索數(shù)據(jù)或通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)將數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)送到遠(yuǎn)程服務(wù)器。Task 21. come into play當(dāng)你遭遇車禍時(shí)，這些通信系統(tǒng)也會起作用，自動地呼叫幫助。2. make the point that我們無意抹煞斯坦福萊佛士和英國人對這個(gè)島嶼(新加坡)的發(fā)展所做的貢獻(xiàn)，但我們要說，那并非我們歷史的全部。3. beat out印第安納波利斯從近百座城市中勝出，成為美國聯(lián)合航空公司大型維

32、修中心的所在地。4. to his advantage和視覺界面設(shè)計(jì)一樣，視覺信息設(shè)計(jì)也有很多未來的設(shè)計(jì)者可以充分利用的原則。5. break down有些洗衣粉能通過化學(xué)作用分解蛋白質(zhì)。Task 3FTFTTTask 51. 但是理解所有的數(shù)據(jù)需要幫助，這種幫助正以機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)的方式呈現(xiàn)。2. 計(jì)算的發(fā)展歷史一直以來都像是鐘擺一樣，在集中式和分散式之間來回?cái)[動。3. 人們對于在邊緣網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行計(jì)算的興趣重燃，- 思科公司稱之為“霧計(jì)算”：也就是將微型傳感器與更強(qiáng)大的本地計(jì)算結(jié)合在一起的小型的局部云 - 而這可能會使許多工作再次轉(zhuǎn)移到設(shè)備或本地網(wǎng)絡(luò)上完成。4. 是將所有數(shù)據(jù)集中式計(jì)算，還是更加側(cè)重邊緣

33、計(jì)算？系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)師深諳這兩者之間的矛盾。5. 我們正密切關(guān)注其他一些領(lǐng)域，在這些領(lǐng)域該項(xiàng)技術(shù)正在眾多不同的傳統(tǒng)企業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)生根發(fā)芽。Unit 6 預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)參考答案Passage 11. 3D打印2. 人機(jī)交互3. 生產(chǎn)流程4. 勞動分工5. 熱動力學(xué)6. 技術(shù)革命7. 水力，水能8. 電動機(jī)9. 內(nèi)燃機(jī)10. 原材料11. 能工巧匠12. 人均收入13. 農(nóng)業(yè)勞動14. 登機(jī)牌1. 3D printing2. human-robot interactions3. production process4. division of labor5. thermodynamics6. technologic

34、al revolution7. waterpower8. electric motor9. internal combustion engine10. raw materials11. skilled craftsmen12. income per capita13. agricultural work14. boarding passTask 11. The second method available is to _ the content within the application itself.encodeto convert (a message, information, et

35、c.) into code可用的第二種方法是在應(yīng)用程序自身中對內(nèi)容進(jìn)行編碼。2. The Yangtze has developed into a particularly strong _ platform for the transport of bulk commodities.logisticsthe branch of science and operations dealing with the procurement, supply, and maintenance of equipment在大宗商品運(yùn)輸方面，長江已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為一個(gè)非常強(qiáng)大的物流平臺。3. If experienc

36、es of major booms and busts _ the way we behave, its something that macro economists may need to take into account.shapeto give definite form, shape, organization, or character to; fashion or form如果說大繁榮和大蕭條時(shí)期的經(jīng)歷塑造了人們的行為方式，那么宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家或許需要考慮到這一點(diǎn)。4. You can _ the user interface to present information to t

37、he user or to gather information from the user.customizeto make or change something according to the buyers or users needs你可以自定義用戶界面，以便將信息顯示給用戶或從用戶那里收集信息。5. Incandescent bulbs may be a bit safer than _ bulbs, which do emit very small amounts of ultraviolet light.fluorescentstrikingly bright, vivid,

38、or glowing白熾燈泡可能比熒光燈泡安全些，因?yàn)楹笳邥l(fā)出少量的紫外線。6. The study of Chinese _ has a long history in China, as one of the most important parts of Chinese linguistics.etymologya chronological account of the birth and development of a particular word or element of a word漢語詞源研究作為中國語言研究的重要組成部分，在中國已有悠久的歷史。7. In future

39、, close cooperation and an intensive exchange of _ will be established between the two businesses.knowhowknowledge of how to do something; faculty or skill for a particular activity; expertise今后，兩家企業(yè)之間將建立密切的合作和專有技術(shù)的深度交流。8. The ability to acquire, _ and master technologies as well as innovate can be

40、achieved in many ways.diffuseto spread or scatter widely or thinly; disseminate獲取、推廣和掌握技術(shù)以及革新的能力可通過許多途徑實(shí)現(xiàn)。9. Toshiba said in December that it would _ production of some logic chips. outsource(of a company or organization) to purchase (goods) or subcontract (services) from an outside supplier or sour

41、ce東芝公司12月表示，它將外包一些邏輯芯片的生產(chǎn)業(yè)務(wù)。10. He remained in the _ for many months, the company paying all his expenses.sanatoriuma hospital for the treatment of chronic diseases, as tuberculosis or various nervous or mental disorders他在療養(yǎng)院住了好幾個(gè)月，所有費(fèi)用都由公司出。Task 21. rather than這個(gè)報(bào)告關(guān)注的是技術(shù)如何影響人類生活，而非商業(yè)活動。2. on averag

42、e如果操作系統(tǒng)在平均情況下能支持任務(wù)的執(zhí)行期限，則稱它為軟實(shí)時(shí)系統(tǒng)。3. is supposed to在我看來，這次表現(xiàn)是不可寬恕的，和奧運(yùn)精神相悖。4. account for計(jì)算機(jī)占據(jù)了該國商業(yè)用電的5%。5. open up這兩家公司決定合作開拓新市場。Task 3FTTFFTask 51. 增材制造這一名稱恰如其分，它用來描述通過增加多層材料來制造3D物體的技術(shù)。這些材料可以是塑料、金屬、混凝土，或者有一天甚至是人體組織。2. 零部件信息可通過數(shù)字形式發(fā)送，在家中或鄰近消費(fèi)者的地方打印，減少對運(yùn)輸?shù)男枨蠛鸵蕾嚒?. 盡管各媒體常用“3D打印”指代所有增材制造的工序，實(shí)際上兩者之間很多工

43、序不盡相同，且分層制造方法也各不相同。4. 轉(zhuǎn)換成STL文件會對各種形狀進(jìn)行細(xì)化，其所需時(shí)間取決于個(gè)人電腦的性能和模型的復(fù)雜性。5. 超聲波增材制造工藝使用金屬板或金屬帶，并利用超聲波焊接而成。Unit 10 預(yù)習(xí)練習(xí)參考答案Passage 11.數(shù)字技術(shù)2.大都市生活3.城市生活4.鄉(xiāng)村生活5.數(shù)據(jù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)6.城市規(guī)劃7.智能建筑8.關(guān)鍵因素9.自動化可視系統(tǒng)10.交通流量11.能源管理12.給水，配水13.水處理14.神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)15.城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施16.供給與需求17.儲能系統(tǒng)18.工作模式19.太陽能電池板20.風(fēng)力發(fā)電機(jī)21.農(nóng)產(chǎn)品22.全息攝影工作室23.虛擬空間24.冷藏庫，冷藏室2

44、5.后勤經(jīng)理；廠務(wù)經(jīng)理1.digital technology2.metropolitan life3.urban life4.rural life5.data ecosystem6.city planning7.smart buildings8.crucial factor9.automation and visualization system10.traffic flows11.energy management12.water distribution13.water disposal14.neuronal networks15.urban infrastructures16.supp

45、ly and demand17.energy storage system18.working patterns19.solar panels20.wind generator21.agricultural products22.holographic studio23.virtual space24.cold store25.facility managerTask 11. The ability to _, analyze, and reflect upon large amounts of data is crucial in todays information age.siftto

46、separate and retain the coarse parts of (flour, ashes, etc.) with a sieve當(dāng)今信息時(shí)代里，擁有篩選、分析和反思大容量數(shù)據(jù)的能力是至關(guān)重要的。2. The only _ to this pint-sized vehicle is its inability to withstand a collision with a full-sized vehicle.downsidea discouraging or negative aspect這種小型車的唯一缺點(diǎn)便是其不能抵擋住大型車輛的撞擊。3. This has led so

47、me economists to predict a risk for a hard landing _ and financial crises in Latvia and Estonia.scenarioan outline of the plot of a dramatic work這使得一些經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家預(yù)測出現(xiàn)硬著陸的情況，以及在拉脫維亞和愛沙尼亞有金融危機(jī)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。4. Any attempt to regulate the Internet in China to prevent further privacy violations is likely to prompt _ debat

48、e.raucousharsh; strident; grating任何試圖規(guī)范中國互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，避免更多侵犯隱私事件的行為，都會引發(fā)嘈雜的爭論。5. Though the design of _ roads varies from country to country, city to city, and even within cities, they share a number of common design characteristics.arterialbeing or constituting a main route, channel, or other course of flow or access, often w