環(huán)境科學(xué)專業(yè)英語PPT.ppt

1、1,Dr. Xuedong Wang School of Environmental Science and Public Health Wenzhou Medical College,Environmental Science English (Fall 2010),2,Xuedong Wang, Professor, Ph.D in 2003, Major in Environmental Chemistry 2003-2008 Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology of Educaitonal Ministry of China

2、, Central China Normal University 2008-present School of Environmental Science and Public Health, Wenzhou Medical College Published more than 60 papers, among which 42 papers are SCI papers The largest experience for me is one should often read and practice in writing scientific papers. If you can w

3、rite, correct and publish 10 papers, then can write fluently scientific papers concerned with your major in Engish,Introduction to myself,3,Arrangement for this course Environmental Science English,Unit 1-5: 1-10 weeks by Xuedong Wang Unit 6-7: 11-13 weeks by Shuhui Huang Unit 8-9: 14-16 weeks by Pi

4、ng Wang,4,Contents from Unit 1-5,Unit 1: Vanishing Aral SeaSupplementary Reading (SR): Ecosystem BiomesUnit 2: Taking Responsibility SR: The coming age of water scaricity Unit 3: Historical Basis of Pollution SR: Water Pollution Unit 4: ISO 14000SR: Toxic Effects of Metals in Water Pollution Unit 5:

5、 Application of Sustainability strategies SR: Methods of Wastewater Treatment,Some basic requirements for each unit (4 hours),Grasp the professional vocabulary Be familiar with writing and translating skills Translation from English to Chinese or Chinese to English Writing task,Reference books:,環(huán)境科學(xué)

6、專業(yè)英語 于蘇俊 編著 西南交通大學(xué)出版社出版 ISSN 7-81104-060-3 環(huán)境科學(xué)專業(yè)英語 王素風(fēng) 編著 中國環(huán)境科學(xué)出版社 ISSN 7-80163-833-4,Unit 1: Vanishing Aral Sea,Leisure le 休閑的 安逸的Parliamentarian p:lmentrin 議員Legacy lesi 遺產(chǎn) 遺留之物 Cartographer k:trf 繪圖員 制圖員Bluff blf 懸崖 峭壁 抖岸Siphon saifn 吸出Diversion daiv:n 轉(zhuǎn)移 轉(zhuǎn)向Rampant rmpnt 蔓延的 無節(jié)制的Aquatic kwtik 水

7、生的 Terrestrial ti restril 陸生的Daunt dnt 使喪失勇氣 使氣餒,Vocabulary,Graveyard greivj:d 船體 Rip rip 扯破 撕裂 Damp dmp 潮濕的 減弱 抑制 Succumb s km 屈從 屈服 Dry up 干枯 Underescore ndsk： 下劃線 強調(diào) Household haushould 居家 Insurmountable insmauntbl 不可逾越的 難以克服的 Agenda dend 議程表 Dust storm 沙塵暴,Main difficult phrases,1 Winds ripping

8、across the desert were lifting tens of millions of tons of a toxic salt-dust and chemical residue from exposed seabed each year and dumping it on surrounding croplands and villages 狂風(fēng)夾雜著千萬噸的有毒含鹽塵土和化學(xué)殘留物從裸露的海床吹向周圍的農(nóng)田和村莊,Main difficult phrases,2 Around the world countless river, lakes and wetlands are

9、 succumbing to damps, river diversions, rampant and other pressures 世界無數(shù)的河流、湖泊和濕地正在屈服于衰弱、改道、失控和其他不利狀況。,Main difficult phrases,3 But the sad reality is that the rules and policies that drive water related decisions have not adequately promoted them. We have the ability to provide both people and ecos

10、ystems with the water they need for good health, but those goals need to be elevated on the political agenda,Main difficult phrases,但令人遺憾的是：能夠促進(jìn)水資源合理利用的相關(guān)政策和法規(guī)未能充分地推動該項工作的開展。我們有能力向民眾和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)提供保持健康狀態(tài)所需要的水，但是這些目標(biāo)的實現(xiàn)需要提升到政治的議事日程上來解決。,Homeworks,1 Pages 5-6: translation A, B 2 Writing task: My Hometown Rive

11、r A: My hometown river has suffered_ B: There was something wrong about my hometown river that caused it to be degraded. C: My viewpoint on protecting my hometown river from the potential, deleterious effect.,Part B: Ecosystem Biomes,Continental land masses: 大陸塊 Bison baisn 野牛 Sloth slu 樹懶 Kangaroo

12、kru: 袋鼠 Biomebaium 生物群系 Playtus pltips 鴨嘴獸 Savanna svn 熱帶大草原 Floral fl:rl 植物群的 Faunal f:nl 動物群的,Vocabulary,Harsh h: 粗糙的 荒蕪的 Fleshy fle 多肉的 肉質(zhì)的 Cacti kkti 仙人掌 仙人球 Euphorbia ju:f:bi 大戟屬植物 Prairie prri 大草原 Pampas pmpz 南美大草原 Inhabitant inhbitnt 棲息地 Spruce spru:s 杉樹,Main difficult sentences,Biome is a ma

13、jor ecological unit, classified according to its key plant and animal life 生物群落是依據(jù)主要植物和動物種類而進(jìn)行分類的基本生態(tài)單元,Main difficult sentences,The marvelous diversity of life, everywhere evolving and adapting through time, nevertheless displays unexpected kinships in the space represented by the earths biomes and

14、 their inhabitants. 隨時間、地點而進(jìn)化和適應(yīng)的生物多樣性在不同生物群落和他們的棲息地之間顯示了一定的家族關(guān)系。,Vocabulary,Kinship kinip 家族關(guān)系 Steppe step 西伯利亞草原 Tap tp 開發(fā) 利用 Marvelous 不可思議的 非凡的 驚異的 Cones kun 球果類植物 Hoof hu:f 馬蹄,語法和寫作部分,1 專用名詞翻譯規(guī)則： （1）音譯；Fukien，福建； Sofa，沙發(fā)； Tsinghua University，清華大學(xué) （2）意譯；Oxford university,牛津大學(xué)Summer Palace,頤和園； （

15、3）音譯+意譯： Erhuan Road ，二環(huán)路，Xilai Weir，西來堰；Zhejiang Province，浙江??；Wenzhou City, 溫州市,文體結(jié)構(gòu)和特點,一 篇章結(jié)構(gòu) （1）前置部分： 標(biāo)題、論文作者、摘要、關(guān)鍵詞 （2）內(nèi)容部分： 引言、正文（材料和方法、結(jié)果與分析） 結(jié)論、致謝 （3）后置部分：參考文獻(xiàn),文體結(jié)構(gòu)和特點,1 常用 Itthat結(jié)構(gòu) It is conceivable that soil will be degenerating with improper use It has been proved that agriculture is the m

16、ain contributor to watershed pollution,文體特點,英文文章中常使用被動語態(tài) The linear realtionship between factors A and B was obtained with coefficient of definition (R2) of 0.9934 We obtained the linear relationship between A and B with R2 of 0.9934 Underground water can be broken up into three types,Unit 2-Part A,

17、Penury penjuri 貧困 貧窮 Squalor skwl 骯臟 悲慘 貧窮 Neutron njutrn 中子 Fission fin 裂變 Scruple skru:pl 顧慮 Substantiate sbstnieit 證明 證實 Dire dai 可怕的 Betterment 改善 改進(jìn) Utopian jutupjn 烏托邦的 理想化的 Scourge sk:di 懲罰、災(zāi)難、禍患,Unit 2-Part A,Avidly vidli 渴望的 熱心的 Dilemma dilem 左右為難 Retaliation ritliein 報復(fù)，還擊 Imperil imperil陷

18、于危險 危及 Ethos i:s 氣質(zhì) 精神特質(zhì) Annus mirabilis 奇跡迭出年 Push forward 抓緊進(jìn)行 Inelastic scattering of neutrons 中子的非彈性散射 In seventh heaven 處于無比的幸福中,Main difficult sentences,It occurred to me (as it did to others) that several neutrons should be emitted at fission, and it did not take me long to confirm it experim

19、entally. This opened fateful possibilities: a chain reaction leading to the release of nuclear energy for peaceful purposes. But also to the atom bomb 我想到（如別人想到的一樣）在裂變時會發(fā)射中子，不久我用實驗證實了這一點。導(dǎo)致核能釋放的鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)即可用于和平目的，也可用于制造原子彈,Main difficult sentences,Whether directly through the development of new military c

20、apabilities, or indirectly through the uneven distribution of the benefits of new technologies, the future of civilization and the very existence of the human species is imperiled. 無論是直接表現(xiàn)為新軍事力量增長，還是通過新技術(shù)引起的利益分配不平等的直接表現(xiàn)，都已經(jīng)危機到人類文明的前景和人類的有效生存。,Main difficult sentences,My rationale was that the only w

21、ay to prevent Hitler from using the bomb, and winning the war, was for us too to have it and to threaten retaliation. 我的想法是阻止希特勒使用原子彈并贏得這場戰(zhàn)爭的關(guān)鍵是我們擁有原子彈，并將其用于戰(zhàn)爭威脅。,Homeworks,Page 28: Translation: English to Chinese Translation: Chinese to English Writing task: My outlook on Science and Technology,Par

22、t B- the coming age of water scarcity,Scarcity sksiti 不足 缺乏 Glacier lsj 冰河 冰川 Minuscule minskju:l 非常小 極細(xì)微的 Precipitation prisipitein 降水 降雨量 Tempestuous tempestus 劇烈的 Erraticirtik 反復(fù)無常的 Untapped ntpt 未被利用的 Monsoon m:nsu:m 季風(fēng),Part B- Vocabulary,Oasis ueisis 綠洲 肥沃土地 Chloera klr 霍亂 Intestinal intestinl

23、腸的 內(nèi)臟的 Worm w：m蠕蟲 Vulnerable vlnrbl 易受傷的 敏感的 Aquifer kwif 地下蓄水層 Plunge plnd 下降 下傾 Deficit defisit 不足 赤字,Part B-Vocabulary,Plight plait 不幸的境況 Lush l 極為茂盛 繁茂 Virtually v:tuli 實際上 幾乎是 Untallied ntlid 無法計算的 Diversity daivsiti 多樣性 Tundra tndr 凍原 凍土地帶 Jeopardize depdaiz 危及 傷害,Part B- Vocabulary,Harbinger

24、h:bind 預(yù)言 預(yù)兆 Ganges di：z 恒河 Jordan d:dn 約旦河 Nile nail 尼羅河 Colorado k:lr:du 克羅拉多 Lagoon lgu:n Ethiopiai:iupj 埃塞俄比亞 Run dry 干枯 Standing bodies of water (stagnant water) 死水,Main difficult sentences,It has dropped by 58% since 1950, as the population climbed from 2.5 to 6 billion, and will fall an addit

25、ional 33% within fifty years if our numbers reach 8.9 billion, the middle of the projected range 自1950年以來，隨著人口從25億升至60億，人均淡水量已下降了58%，在未來百年的中期，50年的時間里，如果人口達(dá)到89億，人均淡水量還會再下降33%。,Main difficult sentences,Many rivers are tempestuous and erratic, running high when water is needed least and low when it is

26、needed most 許多河流桀驁不馴、反復(fù)無常，不需要水時，水位高漲，而最需要水時，水位低平。,Part of difficult sentences,How such a shift will affect food production, employment in rural areas, rural-to-urban migration and social stability are critical questions that hardly been asked, much less analyzed. 這種用水方式的改變將會影響到糧食生產(chǎn)、農(nóng)村富余勞力就業(yè)、農(nóng)村向城市人口的

27、遷移及社會穩(wěn)定等許多嚴(yán)重的問題，然而，它們很少被問及，也很少有人對它們進(jìn)行分析。,Main difficult sentences,The great naturalist Aldo Leopold, who canoed through delta in 1922, called it “a milk and honey wilderness”, a “l(fā)and of a hundred green lagoons”. As I walked amid salt flats, mud-cracked earth and murky pools, I could hardly believe

28、I was in the same place that Leopold had described,偉大的自然主義者Aldo Leopold 在1922年乘獨木舟穿過該三角洲時，稱它為“流淌乳汁的奇妙荒野”，“一塊百湖綠地”。但當(dāng)我走過鹽漬的板結(jié)土壤、龜裂的泥土和污穢不堪的池塘?xí)r，我簡直不敢相信我是在Leopold曾經(jīng)描述過的地方。,標(biāo)題的寫作,1 標(biāo)題要具體恰當(dāng)，不能空泛，要概括論文的本質(zhì)內(nèi)容。 2 標(biāo)題中不要出現(xiàn)一些“廢話”信息 如my review ona study ofa final report of/it is reported 3 標(biāo)題長度一般不超過12個詞或100個書寫符合

29、（包括間隔符） 4 標(biāo)題中不使用縮省略語、化學(xué)分子式、專利商標(biāo)名稱和過時術(shù)語。,擬訂標(biāo)題的規(guī)則,標(biāo)題大小寫（1）全部大寫；（2）每個詞的第一個字母大寫；（3）每個實詞的第一個字母大寫；（4）標(biāo)題中只有第一個字母大寫。 Effect of water-flow on mitigation of pesticides EFFECT OF WATER-FLOW ON MITIGATION OF PESTICIDES Effect of Water-Flow on Mitigation of Pesticides,標(biāo)題實例,Estimating snowmelt runoff erosions ind

30、ices for Canada Proof load testing for bridge assessment and upgrading (用于橋梁評價和加固的驗證載荷實驗) An examination on the reason of water pollution,Unit 3,Obsidian dsidin 十勝石 Chert t:t 燧石 Seam si:m 礦層 煤層 Climax klaimks 頂級動物群落 頂級 Community kmju:niti 群落 社群 Dilute dailju:t 稀釋的 Biodegradable baiudigreidbl 可生物降解的

31、Decomposer dikmpuz 分解者 Seep si:p 滲透 滲濾,Vocabulary and phrase,Congregate krieit 聚集 集會 Disperse disp:s 分散 Arsenic a:snik 砷 砒霜 Fall prey to 陷入困境，遭受迫害 Successional stage 演替系列期 Clear-cut 輪廓鮮明的 清晰的 Break down into 分解為,Vocabulary and phrase,Capture game 捕獲 Clear land 開墾土地 Predator predtri 食肉動物 Be classifie

32、d as 被分類 Well-being 康樂 安寧 福利,Main sentences,They mined chert, obsidian, and raw copper for the manufacture of tools, and uses certain other mineral materials, such as salt, clay, and ocher, as nutrients, for making pots, or as pigments.,Main sentences,Althoug in many ecosystems fire was natural even

33、ts, the use of fire by humans to capture game and to clear land for gardens could destroy climax communities and return them to earlier successional stages more frequently than normal 盡管許多生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的毀壞是由天火引起的， 但人類用火捕獵、開荒則會毀壞頂級生物群落，比常規(guī)情況更加頻繁地把它們退回到低級的進(jìn)化階段。,Even identifying pollution is not always easy. To

34、some the smell of a little wood smoke in the air is pleasant; others do not like the odour 識別污染并不容易：一些人對空氣中散發(fā)的煙味感覺舒服，另外的人就可能不喜歡這種氣味。,Main sentences,Certainly, if the arsenic is the result of human activity and is causing health problems, it is a pollutant. If it is a natural part of the groundwater,

35、 it may still be a health hazard but is technically not a pollutant. 如果砷是人類活動的結(jié)果并引發(fā)健康問題，它是一種污染物，但如果它屬于地下水的天然組分，它仍舊是一種有害物質(zhì)，但從技術(shù)上說，它就不屬于污染物。,Homeworks,Pages 46-47: Translation English to Chinese Chinese to English Writing task (120 words) The cause of pollution formation,What is aquatic pollutant,Aqua

36、tic kwtik 水生的 水中的 Pollutant plu:tnt 污染物 Sediment sedimnt 底泥 沉積物 Mudflat mdflt 泥灘 Estuarine estjurin 河口的 江口的 Disinfection disinfekn 消毒 Dioxin daiksin 二惡英 Furan fjurn 呋喃,Vocabulary and phrases,Bioaccumulation baiukju:mjulein生物富集 Gastroenteritis gstruentraitis胃腸炎 Chlorinate kl:rineit 氯化物 Pulp mill 紙廠 Zinc zik 鋅 Chromium kroumjm