供應鏈物流管理中科院 龔其國二sclm chapter 11

1、11-1Supply Chain Logistics ManagementChapter 11: TransportationInfrastructure and RegulationSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-2Transportation ManagementDiscussion To

2、picsTransportation Infrastructure Integrated Transportation DecisionsSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-3Transportation Value ContributionProduct/Info FlowsInboundOut

3、boundSupplierManufacturerCustomerInfo/Return Goods FlowsSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-4Transportation InfrastructureFreight Transportation ModesCost StructureSer

4、vice CapabilitiesSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-5Transportation ModesRailMotor Air Water PipelineIntermodal“Premium”Supply Chain Logistics Management, First Editi

5、on. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-6Basic Modes of TransportationFixed costshighVar. costsTraffic compositionRaillowbulk food, mining, heavy mfg consumer goods, medium/light mfgbulk food, mining,chemicalshigh-val

6、ue goods, rush shipments petroleum, chemicals, mineral slurryMotorlowmediumWatermediumlowAirlowhighPipehighlowSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-7Relative Service Cha

7、racteristicsOperating characteristicsSpeed Availability Dependability CapabilityFlexibilityRail32323Motor21231Water44414Air13542Pipe55155Composite1 = best, 5=worst139171521Supply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

8、 All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-8IntermodalSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/IrwinWaterAirTruckRail11-9Transport PrinciplesEconomies of Scale$/wgt.Size of shipmentS

9、upply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-10Transportation Cost TheoryEconomy of Scale 1LTLTLVolume15,000 lbs.Supply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Clos

10、s, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-11Transportation Cost Theory (cont.)Economy of Scale 2LTLTLDensitySupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

11、All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-12Transport PrinciplesEconomies of Distance$/wgt.“Tapering Principle”Shipment DistanceSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-13Tra

12、nsportation FormatsCommon carriers Contract carriers Private carriers Exempt carriersNon-operating intermediariesFreight forwardersShippers Associations/Cooperatives and Agents BrokersSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Com

13、panies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-14Changing Transportation EnvironmentDeregulationTime-based competition Expanding geographic coverage Information technologyIntermodalSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill

14、Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-15Traditional Mode/Carrier SelectionDiscrete StepsCarrier ClassModeCarrierSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-1

15、6Integrated Mode/Class/Carrier SelectionCustomer service/ transit time requirementsMode/Class/Carrier Integrated DecisionCarrier SelectionMarket/product characteristicsTransportation cost constraintsSupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The

16、McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/IrwinIntegrated transportation carrier database (all possible modes/ types/carriers with pricing)11-17Transportation CostsProduct relatedMarket relatedCompetition level Location of marketsNature and extent of regulation Balance of freight t

17、rafficSeasonality of product movementsDomestic vs. InternationalDensityStowabilityEase/difficulty ofhandlingLiabilitySupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin11-18Pricing and

18、Rate NegotiationsMaximum Ratecompetition, market location, regulations, freight balance, seasonality, internationalrate varianceMinimum Ratedistance, density, stowability, handling, liabilitySupply Chain Logistics Management, First Edition. Bowersox, Closs, and Cooper. Copyright 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/IrwinProduct/service related costMarket related value11-19Transportation Regulatory Environment - EconomicObjectives Consumer and market protection Industry stabili