高三英語高考閱讀理解題型迎考策略

1、高三英語高考閱讀理解題型迎考策略 高三英語高考閱讀理解題型迎考策略1、閱讀理解能力測(cè)試的要求 （一）掌握所讀材料的主旨和大意，以及用以說明主旨和大意的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)； （二）既理解具體的事實(shí)，也理解抽象的概念； （三）既理解字面意思，也理解深層含義，包括作者的態(tài)度、意圖等； （四）既理解某句、某段的意義，也理解全篇的邏輯關(guān)系，并據(jù)此進(jìn)行推理和判斷； （五）既根據(jù)材料所提供的信息去理解，也能結(jié)合中學(xué)生應(yīng)有的常識(shí)去理解。2、閱讀理解各題型的解題方法與技巧 （1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題：一般針對(duì)某個(gè)特定的細(xì)節(jié)而提出，難度較小，屬淺層理解?？忌ㄗx短文后可直接找出答題依據(jù)。細(xì)節(jié)理解題有三種題型：純細(xì)節(jié)題、計(jì)算題、細(xì)節(jié)

2、推斷題。三類題中細(xì)節(jié)推斷題一般難度較大，考生要細(xì)細(xì)推敲。從最近幾年的高考題看來細(xì)節(jié)理解題占了考題的一半左右。1）、通讀短文，領(lǐng)悟文章大意，理解文章結(jié)構(gòu)層次及細(xì)節(jié)，特別注意： 五個(gè)w (who, which, when, where, what), 一個(gè)h (how)以及其它特殊之處 例 1：Roses require a good deal of care, and if it werent for the pleasure they give, it wouldnt be worth the work. Soil conditions made just perfect for roses

3、turn out to be even more perfect for tomatoes. The daily watering coupled with full sun and regular fertilizing(施肥) have turned the little plant into a tall bush. The cage I placed around it as the plant grew has long since disappeared under the thick leaves.(全國(guó)卷II x) 71What are the requirements for

4、 the healthy growth of rose? (A) AA lot of care and the right soil BFrequent pruning and fertilizing. CTomato plants grown alongside. DCages placed around the roots. 數(shù)字、日期、時(shí)間等： 例2：Due in part to old, inefficient batteries, Helios finished fourthout of fourin its kind, the sunpowered class. “We were

5、there for the fun of it.” Anna says. “Were proud of Helios,” says Ariel Gleicher, 14. “Its a car thats good for the environment.” 65. How many sun-powered cars took part in the race? (B) A.1 B.4 C. 23 D.44 (NMETx全國(guó)卷二) 同位語，破折號(hào)，括號(hào)，省略號(hào)等： 例3：They may plan more parties or try to attract more people to jo

6、in their informal talks. Some publishers have expressed interest in a book, something they say theyll consider. 60. How do they like the idea of writing a book? (B) A. They have decided to wait a year or two. B. They will think about it carefully. C. They agreed immediately D. They find it hard to d

7、o that. 2)、利用排除法排除不符合原文細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)，剩下的正是要選擇的最佳答案。考生要注意的是有時(shí)在兩個(gè)難以抉擇的題項(xiàng)之間一定要通過文章的整體意思來作出判斷。（2）詞句理解題：此類題要求考生正確理解短文中一些關(guān)鍵詞、短語或句子的含義。常用的手段是利用多種表達(dá)法、詞的多義性、同近義詞語替換、習(xí)語釋義、句型或語態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換等。1)、理解題意，從短文中找到相關(guān)的詞、短語或句子，根據(jù)特定的語境來判斷理解，推敲斟酌，最后確定其準(zhǔn)確含義。2）、要熟悉常見的設(shè)問形式： The underlined word in theparagraph refers to / means _. What does “ _

8、” in paragraph stand for / mean? “_” could best be replaced by which of the following? The expression / phrase “_” means _. The word “_” is closest in meaning to _. 3)、要掌握常見的猜詞技巧 定義；解釋；同位語；）對(duì)照比較；因果；同近義詞；反義詞；構(gòu)詞法（派生、合成、轉(zhuǎn)化）；語境或上下文；常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)；要具備有關(guān)的西方社會(huì)人文知識(shí)，逐步習(xí)慣西方人特有思維特點(diǎn)，如女士?jī)?yōu)先(ladies first)、人人想年輕(everyone wa

9、nts to be young)、幽默感(the sense of humor)、個(gè)性堅(jiān)強(qiáng)(strong character)、不干涉他人隱私(concept of privacy)、誠(chéng)實(shí)最好(honesty is the best policy)、守時(shí)(punctuality)等。請(qǐng)猜測(cè)下列劃線部分詞的意思： 例4：My teenage son Karl became withdrawn after his father died. As a single parent, I tried to do my best to talk to him, but the more I tried,

10、the more he pulled away. By saying “Karl became withdrawn”, the author means that the boy changed entirely and _. A. refused to stay alone at home B. lost interest in his studies C. refused to talk to others D. began to dislike his mother (C) （3）推理判斷題：這一類題主要針對(duì)短文的結(jié)論、隱含意義（寓意）、作者的傾向、文章的論調(diào)、寫作思路及目的等方面，要求

11、考生縱觀全文，在匯集短文提供的各項(xiàng)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，嚴(yán)格按照短文陳述的觀點(diǎn)或描述的事實(shí)，進(jìn)行正確的、合乎邏輯的推論和引申，包括事情的前因后果、人物的目的動(dòng)機(jī)和性格特征、作者的傾向態(tài)度、語言中的語態(tài)和語氣等。有時(shí)還可能會(huì)假設(shè)一種情況要求考生對(duì)原文中沒有提到的情況進(jìn)行推理想象，對(duì)題目中提出的各種可能性進(jìn)行推敲，從而選出符合原文信息或作者愿意的最佳答案。1）、要熟悉常見的設(shè)問形式： We can infer / conclude from the passage that _. It can be inferred / concluded (from the passage ) that _. The

12、passage / story / author / paragraph implies, but does not directly state that _. The authors / writers attitude（態(tài)度）towards is _. What do you think would happen (to) at the end of the story? 例5：x安徽卷： Just as crying can be healthy, not crying holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering can be bad

13、for physical (身體的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a natural and healthy e

14、motional response (反應(yīng)). 61, It can be inferred from the text that _. Athere are two ways to keep healthy Bcrying does more good to health than laughing Ccrying and laughing play the same roles Demotional health has a close relationship to physical health （D） 2）、注意：干擾項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) *只是原文的簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)述,而非推斷出來的結(jié)論,把直接表達(dá)當(dāng)作

15、間接推理 *看似從原文推斷出來的結(jié)論,然而實(shí)際上與原文不符,如因果倒置,手段變目的等 *根據(jù)考生已有的常識(shí)是正確的,但是卻不是基于文章,一切以文章為準(zhǔn) *推理過頭,引申過渡 正確選項(xiàng)的特點(diǎn) *不是文中明確說明的內(nèi)容,沒有引申推理就不是正確選項(xiàng) *正確選項(xiàng)大多含義深刻,不是常識(shí)選項(xiàng) 秘訣: * 不能以自己的觀點(diǎn)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)； * 推理的根據(jù)來自于上下文。 * 注意那些似乎話中有話的的間接表達(dá)句,它們往往采用說半句,打比喻,反著說的方式,讓考生有推理的余地 * 注意含義深刻或結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子. （4）歸納概括題：此類題主要針對(duì)文章的主題、中心思想、文章的結(jié)構(gòu)層次（主題句或主題段）、作者的寫作目的(

16、purpose)、作者的態(tài)度等方面，要求考生在準(zhǔn)確理解全文后歸納短文要點(diǎn)，概括中心思想，也包括分析和歸納段落大意、重要情節(jié)、人物特征和環(huán)境特點(diǎn)等。1）、領(lǐng)會(huì)文章大意，靈活運(yùn)用概念、判斷、歸納、推理等邏輯思維方法，真正準(zhǔn)確地理解文章的話題和中心思想。秘訣：（1）注意首段和各段第一句話,將其含義連接成一個(gè)整體。 （2）小心”首段陷阱”,不要一看開頭就選擇答案。 （3）不管主旨題出現(xiàn)在第幾道題, 都作為最后一道題去做,因?yàn)樽鐾昶渌}以后會(huì)對(duì)主旨的理解有幫助。 （4）段落中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折時(shí),該句很可能是主題句 （5）作者有意識(shí)的反復(fù)重復(fù)的觀點(diǎn)通常是主旨 （6）首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時(shí),對(duì)該問題的解答就是文章主旨 （7）提出文章主旨時(shí)常伴有的文字提示：therefore, thus, but,