2018高考英語二輪復(fù)習專題二---七選五教案

1、2018屆高考英語專項復(fù)習教案 七選五主備人：郭金芳考綱解讀補全短文題要求根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容和文章結(jié)構(gòu),從短文后所給的七個順序錯亂的選項中選出五個句子作為最佳選項,填入文中的設(shè)空處,以重新恢復(fù)文章的全貌。考生如果希望準確、深刻地理解一篇文章,必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解,把握住全篇的文脈,即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)考試說明,結(jié)合近年來的高考閱卷實踐,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)該題型大致通過“主旨概括句(涉及文章整體內(nèi)容)、過渡性句子(涉及文章結(jié)構(gòu))、注釋性句子(涉及上下文邏輯意義)”等三個類型的備選項來考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握能力。多余的兩個干擾項也往往從這三個方面進行設(shè)置,

2、例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題,過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu),注釋性句子與上下文邏輯脫節(jié)等。高考大綱要求閱讀七選五主要考察學生的英語邏輯思維能力，也就是對上下文之間，層次之間邏輯關(guān)系的判斷能力。試題模式：給出一篇缺少5個句子的文章，對應(yīng)有七個選項，要求同學們根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)、內(nèi)容，選出正確的句子，填入相應(yīng)的空白處?？疾橹攸c：主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握。選項特點：主旨概括句（文章整體內(nèi)容） 過渡性句子（文章結(jié)構(gòu)） 注釋性句子（上下文邏輯意義）選項分析：五個空格的位置 1如果空格出現(xiàn)在段首，大部分時候是關(guān)于這一段的大意。這時要通讀整段再選擇能夠體

3、現(xiàn)整段意思的句子。2如果空格出現(xiàn)在段中，這時要根據(jù)空格前后的句子意思、備選選項的句子意思以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案。3. 如果空格出現(xiàn)在段尾，通常是指事情的結(jié)尾或者是總結(jié)句。五個位置的特點1. 理解文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：如果希望準確、深刻地理解一篇文章，必須對文章的結(jié)構(gòu)有所了解，把握住全篇的文脈，即句與句、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系（比傳統(tǒng)的閱讀理解更精細）。 2. 注重考查考生的邏輯思維能力。該新題型不但要求學生具備詞匯、句子、語段、語篇等方面的知識和能力，而且要有辯證、綜合、分析、歸納方面的邏輯思維能力，是深層次的閱讀理解，也是閱讀的核心和關(guān)鍵。3. 考查考生閱讀理解能力更加全面、真實和公平。閱

4、讀理解能力一般包括知識面、邏輯分析、思維反映、詞匯量和概括能力等。而七選五在此基礎(chǔ)上同時考查學生對全文整體理解和對信息辨析的能力。因此有利于培養(yǎng)邏輯思維和概括歸納等高層次的閱讀能力。 一、復(fù)習目標：本課先從高考新題型“閱讀填空題”的基本特征入手，從而深入挖掘閱讀填空新題型的解題技巧，再過渡到解題三步曲，這樣有利于幫助學生形成知識條塊，提高新題型的解題技巧和解題能力，提高學生的實際應(yīng)試能力，促進學生思維能力的發(fā)展。二、復(fù)習重難點：滲透“七選五”解題技巧及考查上下文的語境理解。三、復(fù)習方法：講練結(jié)合四、解題步驟：（1）通讀全文。運用瀏覽方法找出主題句，抓住文章結(jié)構(gòu)及文章的寫作內(nèi)容。注意文章的開始與

5、結(jié)束段落，尤其是文章的首段及末段末句，因為“開門見山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫作方式為常見的寫作方式，首段的末句一般是是全文的主題所在，說明本文將探討哪些內(nèi)容，并簡要指出文章的寫作思路，有時甚至會以提綱的形式進行呈現(xiàn)。（2）詳讀段落。找出每段寫作內(nèi)容的關(guān)鍵詞。明確各段的主題句或主旨大意。（3）定位選項。明確各選項含義，抓住關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)文章整體結(jié)構(gòu)與具體內(nèi)容將選項填入，尤為注意各選項中出現(xiàn)的句子銜接手段及句中的銜接標志詞。將所選項放入空白處，看看是否與上下文構(gòu)成語義及邏輯上的直接關(guān)系，是否符合該處語境。能否承接前后的寫作線索。使文章無論內(nèi)容還是銜接上都能做到通順。（4）通讀復(fù)檢。將所選答案代入文中，再

6、次通讀全文，重點考查邏輯關(guān)系和關(guān)聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu)。再次通讀全文，檢查內(nèi)容是否完整、連貫，格式、用語是否恰當，從而判斷答案是否正確。同時，還應(yīng)注意對干擾項的對比分析，排除干擾。特別注意，除非有充分的理由否定之前的選擇，否則不要倉促更改，第一印象往往可信度很高。五、解題策略及技巧： 1、詞匯銜接：代詞同義詞/近義詞同一范疇詞特殊疑問詞反映句子關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞：轉(zhuǎn)折：but, however, although, otherwise, yet ,nevertheless, on the contrary并列：first, second, third;firstly, secondly, thirdly; firs

7、t, next, then; in the first place, in the second place; for one thing, for another thing; some other層遞：also, too, either, furthermore, moreover, in addition, whats more, not onlybut also承接：so, therefore, thus, accordingly, consequently, as a result 2、邏輯銜接： 無明顯關(guān)聯(lián)詞情況下的: 解釋關(guān)系例證關(guān)系 因果關(guān)系順逆關(guān)系3、位置銜接：位置功能解決辦

8、法段首除有關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接，構(gòu)成明顯層次關(guān)系外，多數(shù)為段落主題句讀下幾個句子，概括大意，根據(jù)段落意義一致性原則選出答案。段尾總結(jié)、概括查找信號詞，如therefore, as a result, thus, in short, in a word等，也可能在選項中發(fā)現(xiàn)前文的同義詞句。（承上）啟下查找信號詞，如here are, as follows占位整個自然段過渡句承上啟下且有獨立中心。重點閱讀選項中較長的選項，再根據(jù)意思判斷。一、詞匯銜接： 1、代詞：Suggest a private meeting.A one-on-one meeting is a calmer setting than s

9、peaking in front of your peers._A. Some ideas can be quite concrete (詳細的).B. There were many difficult questions.C. It can also be more effective in exchanging ideas.D. Here are some ideas that can help you prepare for your next meeting.2、同義/近義詞： You are one of the most familiar faces in class, not

10、because you are funny or have greatnote-taking abilities but because you ask the most number of questions._ Its important to ask the right questions, though. Write down your questions. _ They may appear when youre studying, reading or taking notes. Note them down on a piece of paper so that you wont

11、 forget to ask them later.A. Do not ask more questions.B. Questions may crop up(出現(xiàn)) at any time.C. Being curious is not a bad quality.D. You may think this is good.E. Ask questions relevant to context.3、同一范疇詞：_Hard, straight-backed chairs may keep you awake but distract you with their discomfort. On

12、 the other hand, lying on a sofa or bed will encourage daydreaming, or even lead you to fall asleep.A. Comfortable rooms should be avoided.B. Truly, finding a place to study is a matter of personal taste.C. Find a seat in a comfortable place.D. Find furniture that encourages you to sit up straight a

13、nd is also comfortable.4、特殊疑問詞：Why is setting goals important? _Instead of just leading life happen to you. Goals allow you to make your life happen.A. Winners in life set goals and follow through on them.B. Because goals can help you do, be, and experience everything you want in life.C. By setting

14、goals you are taking control of your life.D. Because everybody should have a goal in his mind.5、反映句子關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞： Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way._AWhat makes one person happy may be very different from what

15、makes someone else happy.BOn the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious.CSpend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy.The first thing you need to come up with is an idea for your club. What are you interest in? Pets, p

16、op music or dancing groups, sports? The list is endless. Next you need some friends to be in your club with you. Thats easy. All you need is three or four other people who are interested in the same thing as you. _You should all sit down somewhere together with lots of pieces of paper and write down

17、 every name you can think up. A. Invite a designer to join you.B. Then you need to pick a name for your club.C. Use a bright thick pen to make a special design.二、邏輯銜接： 1、解釋：Theres a proverb which says, “Time flies never to be recalled.” This is true. _The unpunctual （不守時的）man is for ever wasting his

18、 most valuable possessions as well as others . The unpunctual person is always complaining that he finds no time to answer letters, or return calls or keep appointments.A. They appear to be busy but never get well paid.B. A lost thing may be found again, but lost time can never be regained.C. A manw

19、ho is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by others. D. Failure to be punctual in keeping ones appointment is a sign of disrespect to others.2、例證：Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door way is the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active dec

20、ision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time._. He used to spend a lot of his free time by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them.AThis story also illustrates（說明） the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents

21、.BPeople find jobs in an infinite（無限的） number of ways.CTake for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.三、位置銜接： 1、段首：_. If a person is invited to dinner and arrives later than the appointed time, he keeps all the other guests waiting for him. Usually this will be regarded as rude both to the

22、 host and the other guests.A. They appear to be busy but never get well paid.B. Maybe nobody minds being kept waiting at a dinner party.C. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time.D. A manwho is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by others. E Failure

23、to be punctual in keeping ones appointment is a sign of disrespect to others.2、段尾：Unpunctuality, moreover, is very harmful when it comes to ones duty. Imagine how it would be if those who are put in charge of important tasks failed to be at their proper place at the appointed（約定的） time._A. They appe

24、ar to be busy but never get well paid.B. Maybe nobody minds being kept waiting at a dinner party.C. But the man who really has a great deal to do is very careful of his time.D. A manwho is known to be habitually unpunctual is never trusted by others. E. Failure to be punctual in keeping ones appoint

25、ment is a sign of disrespect to others.Camping is an American tradition, and especially important for families._1、 2、 3、 4、A. Camping trips are inexpensive compared to regular vacation.B. They can do lots of enjoyable and worthwhile activities.C. Here are four important reasons.D. Activities should be colorful.【難點探究】根據(jù)出題形式的不同,填空類題型可以分為句子填空題,段落摘要,帶選項的段落摘要等題型。.傳統(tǒng)的分題型講解的方法傾向于把這些題型拆開,這些題型的出題思路大同小異,一旦掌握了這些題目的共性,做題就會變得易如反掌。1考查內(nèi)容均為細節(jié)每一道填空題的題目基本上都是對原文的一句話或者幾句話進行的同義改寫,不會出現(xiàn)對多句話或者是整段進行的概括歸納.2所填答案基本唯一雖然這種考試需要考生自己書寫答案,但是所有答案均來自于原文,不需要考生用自己的語言對原詞進行改寫.極個別情況下會出現(xiàn)詞序顛倒,但是基本上不需要考生進行詞性.時態(tài).單復(fù)數(shù)等曲折形式的轉(zhuǎn)換