高職高專SL4.ppt

1、Supplementary Learning 4Risks,Cultural Background or Related Information Risks refer to a factor, thing, element, or course involving uncertain danger. People value life above all other things, so the greatest risk for most people is that of death. Earthquake, hurricane and flood are natural disaste

2、rs. They may threaten peoples lives. Actually, there are many man-made catastrophes in the world, such as wars, explosions of nuclear bombs, environmental pollution, which can bring people a lot of damage. People also value their health, safety, money, property, etc. There are risks attached to the

3、loss of them. Car accidents, food poisoning, etc. can affect peoples daily lives and cause damage. However, nowadays, more and more people knowingly put themselves in danger. They like to take part in extreme sports, such as base jumping, rock climbing, sky diving, bungee jumping, etc. They want to

4、experience adventure and a sense of danger. And opportunity to do so has increased a lot. Travel agencies will now take people to almost anywhere in the world. Companies are lining up to offer people the chance to experience danger.,Life is full of risks. Some people think taking risks is an essenti

5、al part of growth, maturity and progress. Some people are born to be risk takers. They are willing to try new things, and challenge themselves. They want such excitement in their peaceful routine lives.,Part One Listening and Speaking Listening Speaking,Listening Scripts and Keys Activity 1 SHORT AN

6、SWER QUESTION DIRECTIONS: In this part there is a passage about risk taking. Listen to the passage twice and then answer the questions in no more than 10 words according to what you hear.,In May 1998, Frankie Arsentev, climbing with her husband Sergey, became the third woman ever to reach the top of

7、 Mt. Qomolangma without oxygen. She fell down at 8600 metres and she survived for two nights and two days before passing away. Other teams tried to give her help, including ourselves. She could not move at all, but we could not carry her. Sergey, who had already got to the top twice without oxygen,

8、had disappeared. He has yet to be found. The two of them climbed as a pair, no teammates, no backup and no oxygen. If theyd lived, it would have been a great achievement. But they didnt. What becomes of the achievement then? We seem to have difficulty, but we thought no one could be to blame. They m

9、ade their choices and those choices didnt work out as planned.,The day after Frankie died, Mark Jennings reached the top, on oxygen. He went down to high camp (8300 metres), slept on oxygen and continued down the next morning, on oxygen. His guide left the camp half an hour after him and found him d

10、ead. Why? No one knows. He would have been just another one of over 50 to climb the top of the mountain that year from the North. No particular hero back home, except in his personal circle. His choice didnt work out either. His wife and children have to pay the price for that. But what does it mean

11、 to the rest of us? Is it risk taking? I think it is, but we need it to show were the bravest and greatest in the world.,Questions and Answers 1. Who was the third woman ever to reach the top of Mt. Qomolangma without oxygen? Frankie Arsentev. 2. How long did Frankie Arsentev survive before she died

12、 at 8600 metres? Two nights and two days. 3. Why could no one be to blame? They made their choices which didnt work out as planned. 4. Who reached the top of Mt. Qomolangma on oxygen? Mark Jennings. 5. What does the author mean by saying that “His wife and children have to pay the price for that?” M

13、ark Jennings failed in his risk taking.,Activity 2 CONVERSATIONS DIRECTIONS: In this part you will hear 5 conversations. Listen carefully and fill in each of the following blanks with the word you hear.,Conversation 1 A: United World College. Can I help you? B: Yes, Id like some information (1) abou

14、t the college, please. A: What would you like to know? B: What language is used for most lessons? A: Well, the main language of instruction (2) in all the college is English. B: Is it expensive to go to one of the colleges? A: Its $2400 per year. There are scholarships for all colleges.,Conversation

15、 2 A: I think that the ethnic group is a good idea. B: Personally, I feel that it is not a very sound idea. Its difficult for two people of entirely different ethnic groups or religions (3) to live and share a life together. A: Of course there will be problems. Even two people of the same religion h

16、ave problems. B: I agree with you. So a couple will have to learn to adapt to each others customs and traditions (4). A: Thats right. Married people should be more tolerant towards each other and be willing to learn about each others religion.,Conversation 3 A: Hi, I am going door to door tonight to

17、 tell people about the student action coalition. Do you have a few minutes? B: Sure. I think I read something about it in the newspaper last week. A: Yeah, we are trying to protect (5) some of the open spaces on campus. B: Thats right. Youre the group thats opposing the extension of the parking lot

18、next to the Smith Hall, right? A: Thats us. Were organizing (6) a rally on Thursday afternoon to get the administration to reconsider the parking lot plan. B: Ill definitely come. A: Thank you.,Conversation 4 A: Its a well-known (7) science fiction plot to freeze a body and bring it back to life yea

19、rs later. Professor Andrew Morgan has been doing some research on this subject. B: Yes, Ive been looking into the ability of certain animals to freeze themselves for a certain amount of time, and then to come back to life. A: What have you actually discovered? B: I think its a particular chemical in

20、 the animals bodies which begins to work under certain circumstances. A: Have you had any success (8)? B: Within ten years, Ill be able to freeze human beings for as long as I like, and then bring them back to life again.,Conversation 5 A: We have finished our dinner. Where are you headed next? B: I

21、m going over to the student recreation center (9) to play bridge. A: Do you play with a partner? B: Yeah! Four people play, two against the other two. A: You know, Ive heard that bridge is habit forming. You should be careful not to play so much that you dont get your studying done. B: Dont worry (1

22、0) about me. I only play on Thursdays after dinner.,Activity 3 SENTENCE DICTATION DIRECTIONS: In this part there are 10 sentences about risks. Listen to the sentences 3 times and write down what you hear.,1. There is no security on this earth. Only opportunity. 2. Only those who dare to fail greatly

23、 can ever achieve greatly. 3. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty. 4. Avoiding danger is no safer in the long run than outright exposure. 5. Life is either a daring adventure, or nothing.,6. A man sits as many risks as he runs. 7. With courage, you will dare to take risks. 8. Im no

24、t afraid of storms, for Im learning how to sail my ship. 9. We find out about ourselves only when we take risks, when we talk about challenge and ask questions. 10. I am always doing what I can not do, in order that I may learn how to do it.,Speaking Activity 1 Samples In my opinion, taking airplane

25、s is the riskiest, because people feel less secure in the air than on the ground and they are more used to cars so as to feel more comfortable. Few people can survive an air crash, for it is always fatal. According to some statistics, more people died in car accidents than in air crashes. People hol

26、d inexplicable fear about planes, because they are not familiar with this means of transportation. In fact, taking airplanes is safer.,Activity 2 Samples Life is full of risks. Those famous and successful people are all good risk takers. Taking risks is an essential part of growth, maturity and prog

27、ress. It says: “He who is not courageous to take risks will accomplish nothing in life.” I think it has something to do with ones personality. Some people are born to be good risk takers. They are willing to try new things, and challenge themselves. Some people feel life is too peaceful and boring.

28、So they will take some risky sports to enjoy the excitement. Some people want to promote their strength and determination. They also want to use their brain and muscles to the greatest extent. That is why they would like to take those risky activities.,Part Two Reading,Text A Text B,Lead-in Activity

29、 : Risk Listing,Reading Language Focus 1Should rescue workers be expected to risk their own lives to help those who knowingly put themselves in danger? (Para. 1) risk ones life to do sth.是由動(dòng)詞risk構(gòu)成的一個(gè)動(dòng)詞不定式，意為：“冒著生命危險(xiǎn)做某事”。例如： She risked her life to save the drowning child. 她冒著生命危險(xiǎn)救溺水的孩子。 Youre riskin

30、g your life to smoke. 吸煙會(huì)要了你的命。 in danger是固定詞組，表示“某物或某人處于危險(xiǎn)之中”的意思。例如： The knife penetrated into the bone, and her life was in danger. 刀傷穿透了骨頭，她有生命危險(xiǎn)。,2And how can the danger be lessened for everyone involved, without banning extreme sports completely? (Para. 1) everyone involved 中involved是后置定語，修飾eve

31、ryone。involve常常放在名詞后面作定語。例如： She was quite positive about the amount of money involved. 她對(duì)相關(guān)的錢款數(shù)目很有信心。 Most of the people involved have by now either died or moved away. 大部分相關(guān)的人到今天要么已經(jīng)去世，要么 已經(jīng)搬走了。,3. Base jumper Karl Hayden sustained minor injuries after his canopy malfunctioned as he leapt off the

32、Table Mountain on Friday. (Para.2) minor意為“次要的，小的”，和major是一對(duì)反義詞。例如： She acted as a minor role in the play. 她在戲中扮演一個(gè)小角色。 I made minor alterations to the article. 我稍稍修改了一下這篇文章。 malfunctioned中mal是前綴，表示“壞，不，錯(cuò)誤”的意思。例如： The computer malfunctioned and printed out the wrong data. 計(jì)算機(jī)出錯(cuò)了，打印了錯(cuò)誤的數(shù)據(jù)。,4. Hayden

33、was lucky; despite some fractures, he managed to avoid a spinal injury. (Para. 2) despite是介詞，后面跟名詞短語，表示“盡管，不管，任憑”的意思。例如： He came to the meeting despite his illness. 雖然病了，他仍然來開會(huì)。 Avoid表示“避免，逃避”的意思，后跟名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。例如： The boy avoided punishment by running away. 小男孩逃跑了，沒受到懲罰。 She tried to avoid answering my

34、questions. 她試圖避免回答我的問題。,5Base jumping is an extreme aerial sport whereby participants leap off fixed objects such as buildings or cliff faces. (Para. 3) whereby表示“借此，在旁，憑”的意思。例如： Whereby shall we find fault with him? 我們憑什么批評(píng)他？ She devised a plan whereby they might escape. 她設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)計(jì)劃讓他們借此逃脫。 leap off是固

35、定詞組，表示“從跳下去”的意思。例如： He leapt off the building without any hesitation. 他毫不猶豫地從屋頂跳了下去。,6“Lots of tourists come to jump off Table Mountain because of the thrill of it being a danger zone. The mountain area is really tight, meaning that you have more chance of hitting the cliff face,” he said. (Para. 4)

36、 jump off表示“從跳下來”的意思。例如： Somebody dared me to jump off the bridge into the river. 有人激我敢不敢從橋上跳到河里。 Dont jump off a train when its on the move. 火車行進(jìn)時(shí)不要跳車。,the thrill of it being a danger zone 是個(gè)名詞性短語，of it being a danger zone是由介詞和動(dòng)名詞短語構(gòu)成，在句中用作名詞thrill的定語。例如： We all admire the greatness of him being a

37、noble scientist. 我們都敬仰他作為高尚科學(xué)家的偉大。 have more chance of doing sth.表示“更有可能做某事”的意思。 例如： You have more chance of failing if you continue to play like that. 如果你再這樣打下去，失敗的可能性就更大。 meaning是現(xiàn)在分詞，引導(dǎo)的分詞短語是對(duì)前半句的補(bǔ)充說明。,7So why do it? Samson explains that much of the sports attraction lies in its inherent danger.

38、(Para. 5) why do it是省略句，完整的句子為：why do you / people do it，對(duì)對(duì)方為什么會(huì)做事表示疑問。 lie in是固定詞組，意為“存在于”。例如： The chief proof of a mans real greatness lies in his perception of his own smallness. 證明一個(gè)人是真正偉大的主要在于他能認(rèn)識(shí)到 自己的渺小。 All their hopes lie in him. 他們所有的希望都寄托在他身上了。,8Wayne Smith, deputy director of a nearby med

39、ical services center, agrees that although there are risks involved, extreme sports will continue despite any attempt at regulating the activity. (Para. 6) deputy director中deputy意為“代理的，副的”。例如：deputy manager（副經(jīng)理），deputy ambassador （副使）；vice也可以表示“代理，副”，常見的有：vice President（副總統(tǒng)），vice Chancellor（副總理）等。th

40、at引導(dǎo)賓語從句，內(nèi)含although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。attempt at doing sth.是固定詞組，本句中attempt用作名詞，表示“努力，嘗試”的意思。例如： He made an attempt at setting a new record. 他再次嘗試創(chuàng)造新記錄。 I succeeded in my third attempt at passing the driving test. 我第三次駕駛考試通過了。,9. “Extreme sports are always going to be around. Extreme sports are risky but soc

41、iety needs to give people who enjoy those types of activities the necessary space to do so,” said Smith. (Para. 6) be around是固定詞組，意為“處于存在中”的意思。例如： This kind of music will still be around even if many people dislike it. 盡管有許多人不喜歡這種音樂，但它仍將存在。 連詞but連接了extreme sports are risky和society needs to 這兩個(gè)并 列句。其

42、中the necessary space是give的直接賓語，people是間接賓語。 who enjoy those types of activities是修飾people的限制性定語從句， who在從句中作主語，因此不能省略。例如： He is the famous singer who won the competition. 他就是那個(gè)贏了比賽的著名歌手。,10. He estimated that rescue workers deal with an average of five extreme-sport-related incidents every year. (Para

43、. 6) deal with是固定詞組，意為“處理、討論等”。例如： The meeting will deal with these problems. 會(huì)議將討論這些問題。 Have you any concrete thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty? 你對(duì)如何處理這個(gè)難題有什么具體想法嗎？,an average of意為“平均有”，后面跟數(shù)詞。例如： Wages for industrial workers have increased by an average of 7%. 產(chǎn)業(yè)工人的工資平均增長(zhǎng)了7。 An average o

44、f 10% of the attendants disagrees with the new rule. 平均10的出席者反對(duì)這個(gè)新規(guī)定。 extreme-sport-related是由 “名詞 + 過去分詞” 構(gòu)成的形容詞。 類似的還有：student-centered（以學(xué)生為中心的）， export-oriented（以出口為主的）等。例如： This is an export-oriented economy. 這是種外向型經(jīng)濟(jì)。,incident多指政治上具有影響的事件，如叛亂、事變等。accident指不幸的意外事故，如：車禍、摔傷，多指無意或偶然的事故。event是“事件”的意思

45、，形容更正式、更重大的事件。matter指“事情”，是普通用語，常指我們所寫到或談到的、必須考慮或處理的事。例如： Whats the matter with you？ 你怎么了？ Fridays shooting incident in London led to several arrests. 周五發(fā)生在倫敦的槍擊事件中已有好幾人被逮捕。 His resignation triggered a chain of events that led eventually to the downfall of the government. 他的辭職引發(fā)了一系列的大事件，最終導(dǎo)致了 政府的倒臺(tái)。

46、 Ken had an accident at work and had to go to hospital. 凱恩工作時(shí)發(fā)生了事故，不得不去了醫(yī)院。,11Its comforting to know that a rescue service is available, but there is a cost attached. (Para. 7) comforting意為“安慰的，令人欣慰的，鼓勵(lì)的”。注意與 comfortable（舒服的）區(qū)別。 例如： He spoke a few comforting words to me before leaving. 臨走前他對(duì)我說了好些安慰的

47、話。 I wont be comfortable until I know what happened. 除非我知道發(fā)生了什么，否則我不會(huì)感到舒服。,12. The use of a helicopter for a search and rescue mission could reach $50,000, paid for by the taxpayer. (Para. 7) paid for by the taxpayer是過去分詞短語作后置定語，修飾$50,000。 常用短語pay for后接物，表示“償還，付款”的意思。例如： We will pay for houses by mo

48、nthly installments. 我們將每月分期支付房款。 They asked him to pay for the damage but he pleaded poverty. 他們要求他賠償損失，但他申請(qǐng)無力支付。 taxpayer是由“名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的合成名詞。類似的還有：windmill（風(fēng)車），snowball（雪球）等。,13. While many rescue workers are volunteers, others are employed by the city and are paid for their services. (Para. 7) While表示

49、“而，然而”的意思，表示對(duì)比。例如： Some people love cats, while others hate them. 一些人喜歡貓，而另一些人討厭貓。 While there was no conclusive evidence, most people thought he was guilty. 雖然還沒有證據(jù)能導(dǎo)出結(jié)論，但大多數(shù)人認(rèn) 為他有罪。,14Mountain rescue worker Roy White says he has no problem in helping those who put themselves in harms way. (Para. 8

50、) have (no) problem in doing sth.是固定用法，表示“做某事（沒）有問題”的意思，注意后面跟動(dòng)詞ing形式。例如： I have no problem in helping you. 我?guī)湍銢]問題。 He has a big problem in dealing with his customers. 他和顧客打交道有很大的問題。 put sb. in harms way 表示“置某人于危險(xiǎn)中”的意思。例如： You shouldnt put yourself in harms way. 你不該置自己于危險(xiǎn)中。,15. Where do you draw the

51、line from an accident to an attempted suicide? (Para. 8) draw the line from A to B表示“在A和B之間劃定界線”的意思。例如： Its hard to draw the line from what is right to what is wrong. 很難區(qū)分什么是對(duì)的什么是錯(cuò)的。 Youd better draw the line from an unintentional fault to an attempted joke. 你得區(qū)分什么是無意的過失什么是有意的玩笑。 attempted suicide表示

52、“企圖自殺，蓄意自殺”的意思。例如： His death seems an attempted suicide. 他的死看上去是蓄意自殺。,16Samson says that rescue workers cannot decide whom they can and cant rescue. (Para. 9) that引導(dǎo)了賓語從句，在此賓語從句中whom they can and cant rescue是decide的賓語，同時(shí)whom是rescue的賓語。例如： I dont know whom theyre praising. 我不知道他們?cè)诒頁(yè)P(yáng)誰。,17. “How do you

53、 go about deciding who should be rescued and who shouldnt? Whenever theres an accident, people suddenly want to close down the road. You cant simply ban the sport,” argues Samson. (Para. 9) go about表示“著手(盡力)做某事”的意思，后跟名詞或者動(dòng)名詞。例如： Despite the threat of war, people go about their work as usual. 盡管有戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的威

54、脅，人們依然和往常一樣去工作。 Could you please inform me how to go about contacting a lawyer? 你能告知我如何聯(lián)系到律師嗎？ close down表示“關(guān)閉”的意思。例如： Many businesses have closed down because of the recession. 因?yàn)榻?jīng)濟(jì)衰退，很多公司關(guān)閉了。,18In order to lessen the likelihood of certain types of incidents, shouldnt we have some form of regulatio

55、n? (Para. 10) Shouldnt we?是反問句，表示“難道不應(yīng) 該？”的意思。反問句所表達(dá)的是肯定的意義。例如： Shouldnt we calm down in order to solve the problem? 我們難道不該平靜下來解決問題嗎？ Shouldnt we obey the law? 我們難道不該遵守法律嗎？,19“Banning the sport will make things even worse because they will go ahead and do it anyway and that will make things even wor

56、se for rescue services.” (Para. 11) make things even worse表示“使事情更糟糕”的意思，其中even worse作 賓語補(bǔ)語。because 引導(dǎo)了原因狀語從句。關(guān)系代詞that指代they will goanyway ，在分句中用作主語。go ahead是固定詞組，表示“繼續(xù)， 進(jìn)行”的意思。 例如： Working is going ahead. 工作繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。 Lets go head! 讓我們繼續(xù)。,20Samson says that most extreme sports enthusiasts dont want to co

57、nform to a system of regulation. (Para. 12) conform to是固定搭配，表示“遵從，符合”的意思， 后跟名詞。例如： She refused to conform to the normal social conventions. 她拒絕遵從一般的社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)。,21. If we have a system in place, eventually anybody wanting to travel on rough terrain will have to fill out a form. (Para. 12) have sth. in plac

58、e意為“有某物在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩?。例如?If we had a right law in place, that wouldnt happen. 如果我們有合適的法律，那件事就不會(huì)發(fā)生了。 fill out固定詞組，表示“填寫”的意思。例如： Will you please fill out these custom forms for each package? 你能將每個(gè)包裹的海關(guān)登記表填一下嗎？,22It seems rescue workers and extreme sports enthusiasts get into trouble when it comes to regulating the sport. (Para. 13) Seem 是半系動(dòng)詞，表示“看來好像，似乎”的意思，后跟that引導(dǎo)的表語從句時(shí)，that可以省略。例如： It seems you object to the plan. 你似乎反對(duì)這個(gè)計(jì)劃。,23. But perhaps the last word belongs to basic common sense. (Para. 13) the last word表示“辨論中最后的談話，決定權(quán)”的意